The Fetal Matrix: Evolution, Development and Disease - part 3 pps

... the Netherlands exposed to the near- famine conditions imposed by the Nazis in the winter of 1944/45. The effects of the poor and unbalanced diet of women during pregnancy on their children and ... For exampleiftherehasbeenafailureofsuppressionofoneofthetwocopies of the IGF-2 gene by imprinting the maternal copy, then the fetus expresses twice the normal amount of IGF-...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... on the fetus but also on the placenta, and this may play a part in the development of the disease pre-eclampsia. The crucial point is that for about the first few weeks of human pregnancy the ... cell, the micro-environment is determined by the concentrations of sugar and oxygen and other nutrients in the blood stream and the tissue space surrounding the c...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... or the stress on the appearance of a hungry-looking predator. The adrenal gland is under the control of the pituitary gland, which makes the hormone ACTH, which in turn stimulates the 87 The ... and summarising large amounts of data. And they are also invaluable when they serve to highlight observations that do not fit the theory and thus lead to new hypotheses, then ne...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK First published in print format ISBN- 13 97 8-0 -5 2 1-8 34 5 7-5 ISBN- 13 97 8-0 -5 2 1-5 4 23 5-7 ISBN- 13 97 8-0 -5 1 1 -3 37 0 1-7 © P. Gluckman and M. Hanson ... Press. ISBN-10 0-5 1 1 -3 37 0 1-9 ISBN-10 0-5 2 1-8 34 5 7-0 ISBN-10 0-5 2 1-5 4 23 5-9 Cambridge University...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... from the mitochondria in the egg, and not via the sperm. So they fit the bill of DNA that is transmitted directly from grandmother to granddaughter. Second, the metabolic capacity of the grandchildren’s ... diabetes and other diseases function. The assumption in much of this work is that the altered birth size is a surrogate measure for the quality of the fetal enviro...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... only in the offspring but also in the grand-offspring. We have already told the story of the Dutch Hunger Winterof1944/5 andexactly thesamething happenedthere :the grandchildrenborn to mothers who ... the paternal grandparent to the risk of diabetes in the grandson. Interestingly, the effect seemed to be confined to nutrition during the grandfather’s pre-pubertal growth phas...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... different nature 7 And the argument can continue back with diminishing effect to the great-grandmaternal and great-great- grandmaternal environments and so on. 8 The ovary develops in the first half ... diabetes, and in both India and Finland the pattern and timing of the adiposity rebound is partly determined prenatally. The data from Finland show similar influences o...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... devel- opment and recorded his findings. From his observations, he recognised that the health of the fetus and the subsequent child depended on the health of the mother. Two -and- a-half thousand ... health policy and economics. As we discussed in the preface, there has been a large gulf between the theoretical and evolutionary biolo- gists on one hand and medical scien...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... Dodic, M. and Wintour, E. M. Kidney development and the fetal programming of adult disease. Bioessays 25 ,3( 20 03) , 212–20. Robinson, R. The fetal origins of adult disease. BMJ 32 2 (2001), 37 5–6. 248 ... 48n glial cells 46 Global Burden of Disease project 197 glomeruli 129, 136 n, 137 glucagon 133 glucose fetal excess 49 fetal shortage 37 intolerance 131 n gluc...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... Physics Dhahran 31 261 Saudi Arabia msmonem@kfupm.edu.sa ISBN: 97 8-1 -4 02 0-6 07 2-4 e-ISBN: 97 8-1 -4 02 0-6 07 3- 1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008921100 c  2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. No part ... π  2), (30 ) δ being the scattering phase shift. From the boundary conditions of Eq. (29), ˜ S(r) is designated the “sine-like” J-matrix solution...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 05:20