Insulin Action and Its Disturbances in Disease - part 3 ppsx

... (PHAS-1) are in uenced by insulin. PHAS-1 binds to the eIF-4E cap binding protein, insulin enhances phosphorylation of PHAS-1 and favours dissociation of eIF-4E and PHAS-1. 14 This allows for binding ... the amount of circulating insulin; the biological effect or action of insulin (i.e. insulin sensitivity, S i ); and the impact of glucose itself on its own disposal, indepe...

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... to play major roles in insulin action, namely those transmitted by the enzyme phospho- inositide 3- kinase (PI 3- kinase), which generates PtdIns (3, 4,5)tris-phosphate at Insulin Resistance. Edited ... perhaps, in view of the data obtained from over-expression studies, knockout of APS in mice results in a phenotype of increased insulin sensitivity and hypoinsulinaemia. 23...

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... (eIF-4E), eIF-4G and phospho- rylated heat–acid-stable protein (PHAS-1) are in uenced by insulin. PHAS-1 binds to the eIF-4E cap binding protein, insulin enhances phosphorylation of PHAS-1 and ... with insulin. 23 The synthesis of rRNAs has been shown to increase after insulin treatment in a variety of cell types including fibroblasts, 22, 24 myoblasts 23 and hepatocytes. 2...

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... frequency. 45 ICV injection of insulin reduces food intake and body weight in baboons and rodents 171, 172 and administration of anti -insulin antibodies into the rat hypothalamus increases food intake. 1 73 In ... B. (1 939 ) Insulin- sensitive and insulin insensitive types of diabetes mellitus. Clin Sci 4, 119–152. 3. Yalow, R. S. and Berson, S. A. (1960) Plasma insul...

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... (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL- 6), leptin, resistin, the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and more recently omentin and visfatin. 79 TheroleofTNF-α, leptin, ... Physiol 2 53, 121– 133 . 24. Keller-Wood, M. E., Wade, C. E., Shinsako, J., Keil, L. C., van Loon, G. R. and Dallman, M. F. (19 83) Insulin- induced hypoglycemia in conscious dogs: effect...

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... of adiponectin expression, both in vivo and in vitro. 75, 230 – 233 Infusion or injec- tion of adiponectin is able to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce adiposity in mice. 234 – 236 The inverse ... depend in part on activation of phosphatidyl inositol -3 - kinase down- stream from IRS1 and 2. However, a second pathway, involving interaction of the tyrosine kinase cCbl...

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... insulin action via increased insulin receptor expression and increased activation of insulin receptor kinase. 91 11.4 Summary Whole body insulin sensitivity is the product of a complex interaction ... (1996) Abdominal fat and insulin resistance in normal and overweight women. Diabetes 45, 633 – 638 . 6. Weyer, C., Hanson, K., Bogardus, C. and Pratley, R. E. (2000) Long-...

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... factor in IR ∗ p-value = 0.002 31 5 16p 13 pter CHD LOD = 3. 06 31 6 3q27 CHD LOD = 2. 13 316 8q 23 T2DM, HBP LOD = 2.55 31 6 6q22–q 23 Insulin resistance, obesity LOD = 3. 5 1 83 ∗ Insulin resistance. plasma ... of the insulin receptor substrate-1 being a prominent mechanism for TNF-α-induced insulin resistance. 228 Physiologically, TNF-α could affect sev- eral metabolic f...

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... within myocytes. This accumulation triggers PKC and IKK- β-mediated serine phosphorylation of IRS-1, inhibiting insulin- induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-1-associated PI3-kinase ... abnormality in insulin receptor phos- phorylation in cells from women with PCOS. Increased insulin- dependent serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor β-subunit in skin fibrob...

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... Phosphorylation of Ser307 in insulin receptor substrate-1 blocks interactions with the insulin receptor and inhibits insulin action. JBiolChem277, 1 531 –1 537 . 154. Jiang, G., Dallas-Yang, Q., Liu, F., ... of insulin receptor tyro- sine kinase activity in TNF- - and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Science 271, 665–668. 562 DRUG THERAPY FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE – A...

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