Insulin Action and Its Disturbances in Disease - part 8 pdf

... proposed to link obesity with insulin resistance, with serine phospho- rylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 being a prominent mechanism for TNF-α-induced insulin resistance. 2 28 Physiologically, ... factors. PC-1 Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1) inhibits insulin receptor (IR) tyro- sine kinase activity and subsequent cellular signalling, possibly by inhibiting th...

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... (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL- 6), leptin, resistin, the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and more recently omentin and visfatin. 79 TheroleofTNF-α, leptin, ... fibrinolysis. This may be a consequence of compensatory hyperinsulinaemia, as in vitro studies have demonstrated that insulin and its precursor, proinsulin, increase PAI-1 gene expressi...

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... resistance : insulin action and its disturbances in disease / editors, Sudhesh Kumar, Stephen O’Rahilly. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-4 7 0 -8 500 8- 6 1. Insulin resistance. ... action of insulin 471 15.7 What causes abnormal insulin signalling in metabolic and vascular tissues? 474 15 .8 Summary and conclusions (Figure 15 ....

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... (eIF-4E), eIF-4G and phospho- rylated heat–acid-stable protein (PHAS-1) are in uenced by insulin. PHAS-1 binds to the eIF-4E cap binding protein, insulin enhances phosphorylation of PHAS-1 and ... In whole body leucine flux studies that also included an amino-acid infusion to maintain levels, there was a further decrease in protein breakdown and leucine oxida- tion in response...

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... resistin levels in obesity. 209 The resistin mRNA encodes a 114-amino-acid polypeptide containing a 20-amino-acid signal sequence. The secreted protein, resistin, is a 94-amino-acid disulfide-linked ... (2000) In vivo admin- istration of leptin activates signal transduction directly in insulin- sensitive tissues: overlapping but distinct pathways from insulin. Endocrinology 141, 23 28...

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... insulin action via increased insulin receptor expression and increased activation of insulin receptor kinase. 91 11.4 Summary Whole body insulin sensitivity is the product of a complex interaction ... years BMI: Ethnicity: Chinese (Guangdong Province) MOSPA questionnaire Fasting serum insulin (Fasting insulin resistance index: ‘a multiplication value of fasting insulin and...

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... within myocytes. This accumulation triggers PKC and IKK- β-mediated serine phosphorylation of IRS-1, inhibiting insulin- induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-1-associated PI3-kinase ... D-chiro-inositol-containing phosphoglycans that mediate insulin action, the administration of this substance could improve insulin sensitivity. According to this hypothesis D-chiro-inosi...

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... and Saltiel, A. R. (19 98) A novel, multifuntional c-Cbl binding protein in insulin receptor signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Cell Biol 18, 87 2 87 9. 70. Chiang, S. H. et al. (2001) Insulin- stimulated ... Relationship to insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 97, 1111–1116. 159. Hotamisligil, G. S. et al. (1996) IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyro- sine kinase act...

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... E. (19 98) The interaction of Janus kinases JAK-1 and JAK-2 with the insulin receptor and insulin- like growth factor-1 receptor. Endocrinology 139, 88 4 89 3. 3 58. Sawka-Verhelle, D., Tartare-Deckert, ... hypertriglyceridaemia and insufficient insulin action such as in insulin resistance. The strongest evidence for a link between insulin action and gene transcrip- tio...

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... (PHAS-1) are in uenced by insulin. PHAS-1 binds to the eIF-4E cap binding protein, insulin enhances phosphorylation of PHAS-1 and favours dissociation of eIF-4E and PHAS-1. 14 This allows for binding ... the amount of circulating insulin; the biological effect or action of insulin (i.e. insulin sensitivity, S i ); and the impact of glucose itself on its own disposal, indepe...

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