A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 74 ppt
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 74 ppt
... of a statement for an integral expres-
sion x and any given mask, MASK:
■ x & MASK deletes all bits that have a value of 0 in MASK
■ x | MASK sets all bits that have a value of 1 in MASK
■ ... filter to encrypt the data in question, and the receiver uses the
same filter to decrypt the transmission.
a. Define the function
swapBits() that swaps two bits in an int value.T...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 3 pptx
... the C
programming language: ++ is the increment operator in C.
As early as 1989 an ANSI Committee (American National Standards Institute) was
founded to standardize the C++ programming language. ... functionality
of the C programming language. This means that you have all the features that are avail-
able in C:
■ universally usable modular programs
■ efficient, close to the ma...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 11 ppt
... types. A distinction is made between unary and binary operators. A
unary operator has only one operand, whereas a binary operator has two.
ᮀ Binary Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are ... TYPES
■
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
The relational operators
Precedence of relational operators
Examples for comparisons:
Operator Significance
less than
less than or equal to
greater than
geater...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 29 ppt
... &birthday; // Pointer to birthday
pDate->print();
Date &holiday = aDate; // Reference to aDate.
holiday.init( 1, 5, 2000); // Writing to aDate.
aDate.print(); // holiday.print();
return ... class. The class now has two constructors.
ᮀ Definition
Since a constructor has the same name as its class, the definition of a constructor always
begins with
Class_name::Class_name
I...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 35 pptx
... character '\0' in a char array.
When you define an array, you can use a string constant to initialize the array.
Example: char name[] = "Hugo";
This definition is equivalent ... 0;
}
■
INITIALIZING ARRAYS
Sample program
326
■
CHAPTER 16 ARRAYS
String text
Index:
01234567891011
'H' 'e' 'l' 'l' 'o' ' ' &apos...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 38 ppt
... a Pointer in an Array
As you already know, the addition pv + i results in a pointer to the array element
v[i]. You can use a statement such as pv = pv + i; to store the pointer in the vari-
able ... word: REGAL
The "reversed" word: LAGER
ARRAYS AND POINTERS (1)
■
351
ᮀ Name and Address of an Array
In C++ the name of an array is also the starting address for that...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 46 ppt
... -d;
numerator = n; denominator = d;
}
Fraction operator+(const Fraction& a, const Fraction& b)
{
Fraction temp;
temp.denominator = a. denominator * b.denominator;
temp.numerator = a. numerator*b.denominator
+ ... b:
Fraction temp;
temp.numerator = a. numerator * b.denominator;
temp.denominator = a. denominator * b.numerator;
if( temp.denominator < 0 )
temp.numerator = -temp.nu...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 54 ppt
... corresponding mem-
ber in the base class.
This situation is similar to the one seen for local and global variables. A local variable
will mask a previously defined global variable with the same name.
ᮀ ... rede-
fined. The statement
Example: cabrio.display();
also outputs the additional data members passCarType and sunRoof. However, in
the case of the van object in the Car class,...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 62 ppt
... contains a base initializer or not. Base initializers for virtual indirect base
classes defined in the constructor of a direct base class are ignored. If the base classes
PassCar and Van also contained ... PassCar also has the Car class as a virtual base class.
■ you cannot change the declaration of an indirect base class to virtual.
You must therefore decide what classes are to b...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 67 pptx
... ios class uses state flags to define the various states a file can assume. Each state
flag corresponds to a single bit in a status-word, which is represented by the iostate
type in the ios class. ... ios::badbit ). . .
The clear() method is available for clearing the status-word. If you call clear()
without any arguments, all the state flags are cleared. An argument of the iosta...