A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 5 pot
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 5 pot
... character
65
97
32
46
48
0
&apos ;A& apos;
&apos ;a& apos;
' '
'.'
'0'
'\0'
FUNDAMENTAL TYPES (CONTINUED)
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21
ᮀ Floating-Point Types
Numbers with a fraction part are indicated by a decimal point in ... in C++ and are referred to
as floating-point numbers. In contrast to integers, floating-point numbers must be stored
to a preset...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 85 potx
... 59 3
constructor calls in, 59 7
initializing, 59 6, 59 7
Virtual destructors
declaring, 54 9
virtual keyword, 59 3
Virtual methods, 54 6, 54 7
calling, 54 4, 54 5
declaring, 54 7
pure, 56 6, 56 7
redefining, 54 7
Virtual ... 59
Standard methods, 279
sample program, 278
Standard output, 59
Standard settings, 65
Star character, 233
State flags, 6 45, 647
Statements, 9
Static...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 4 pot
... returning a value of 0 as an exit
code to the calling program. It is standard practice to use the exit code 0 to indicate that
a program has terminated correctly.
Note that statements are followed ... be treated as a flow of data.
Predefined names in C++ are to be found in the std (standard) namespace. The
using directive allows direct access to the names of the std name...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 6 potx
... <iostream>
using namespace std;
int gVar1; // Global variables,
int gVar2 = 2; // explicit initialization
int main()
{
char ch(&apos ;A& apos;); // Local variable being initialized
// or: char ch = &apos ;A& apos;;
cout ... records are stored in variables to
enable their processing by a program. Variables are also referred to as objects, particularly
if they belong to a clas...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 8 potx
... This makes the string class available and allows user-
friendly string manipulations in C++. The following pages contain further details on this
topic.
ᮀ Header Files in the C Programming Language
The ... header files standardized for the C programming language were adopted for the C++
standard and, thus, the complete functionality of the standard C libraries is available to
C...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 13 potx
... operator has a
value and belongs to a certain type. The type and value are defined by the last expression
in a statement separated by commas.
Example: x = (a = 3, b = 5, a * b);
In this example ... can define and initialize a variable within an if statement. The expression is true if
converting the variable’s value to a bool type yields true. In this case the variable...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 17 potx
... decimal part of the floating-point number is removed. For example, 1.9
converts to the integer 1. Rounding can be achieved by adding 0 .5 to a posi-
tive floating-point number or subtracting 0 .5 ... particularly applies to converting negative floating-
point numbers to unsigned integers (see Example 4).
c. Conversion of a floating-point type to a smaller type
If the float...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 18 pot
... left blank
DEFINING AND ASSIGNING STRINGS
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155
C++ uses the standard class string to represent and manipulate strings allowing for
comfortable and safe string handling. During string operations ... copying, con-
catenation, and comparison. Additionally, various methods for string manipulation such
as insertion, erasing, searching, and replacing are available.
ᮀ Initializing Strings
A...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 23 potx
... always static. These objects are created when
a program is launched and are available until the program is terminated.
Four storage classes are available for creating objects with the scope and ... central objects defined as extern.
✓
NOTE
204
■
CHAPTER 11 ST0RAGE CLASSES AND NAMESPACES
// StrToL.cpp
// The function strToLong() converts a string containing
// a leading integer into an i...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 39 pot
... Indices
As we have already seen, a parameter for an array argument is always a pointer to the
first array element. When declaring parameters for a given type T:
T name[]
is always equivalent to T *name.
So ... define an array whose elements
are pointers. An array of this type is referred to as a pointer array.
Example: Account* accPtr [5] ;
The array accPtr contains five Account...