Encyclopedia of World Cultures Volume III - South Asia - Appendix ppt

... northern and central India, numbering several millions. Their traditional occupation was tapping palms for the sap, but they also used to be thieves. Now some are hunters and fowlers; most are farmers. (Risley 1891, 2:16 6-1 68; Crooke 1896, 4:13 8-1 52; Thurston and Rangachari 1909, 6:15 8-1 59; Rose 1911, 2:204; Russell and Hira Lal 1916, 4:38 0-3 85) Patari (Pathari) A caste of p...

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... a diviner has identified what is to be done. There are all manner of private curing rituals, and these are held by whomever knows how, not by professionals; they tend to involve sacrifices to intruding spirits, soul recall- ing, and the leaving of miniature images of wealth outside the village for the spirits. There are few definite seasonal calen- drical ceremonies, but village rites m...

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... 106 forest of its kind in the world. Post -World War II dam proj- ects, including that of Bhavani Sagar, created temporary work for others. Many Irula have entered the general job market in the Coimbatore-Mettupalaiyam-Ootacamund region and are employed in a wide array of jobs in the public and private sec- tors. Such jobs include positions in air force and army camps, nationalized b...

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... care for jhum fields and girls are taught how to weave. Magicoreligious rites are, for the most part, mastered by means of observation. The sole exception to this norm is the Khazangpina chant (which ac- Limbu 149 or Nepali dishes. Rice is the most popular staple of the Lepcha diet; wheat, maize, and buckwheat are also eaten but are not nearly as popular. Millet is grown for fermenting as...

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... Tamil 279 Religion and Expressive Culture Religious Beliefs. Village Hinduism is vibrant, as are the imposing, large, and ancient temples in the center of all the old towns. Village beliefs are focused on a large number of de- ities, with most castes or social groups claiming a special deity. Female deities are more numerous and are worshiped for their power to intervene in healing, ferti...

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... Contents Project Staff vi Contributors vii Preface xiii Introduction xix Maps 1. South Asia xxviii 2. Cultural Regions of South Asia xxix 3. Major Languages of South Asia xxx 4. Dominant Religious Groups of South Asia xxxi 5. Cultural Groups of South Asia xxxii Cultures of South Asia 1 Appendix: Additional Castes, Caste Clusters, and Tribes 309 Bibliogra...

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... that life continues be- yond the grave, in a land where each of the uyus has its indi- vidual abode. When one dies, his or her soul is taken to the domain of the uyu who was the cause of death. An individual enjoys the same status and life-style that he or she had while alive. For this reason the deceased is provided with food, drink, possessions, and other tools and provisions to ensur...

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... he must learn to read the classical Arabic language) can eventually become the worship leader (mullah or imam) of a local mosque if so chosen by the congregation. Further study of the Quran and of Muslim law (the sharia) may qualify a man to be a religious leader with a wider following, greater stature, and sometimes significant political influence. Bengali 29 Roland, Joan (1989). Jews...

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... old culture is comprised of three main layers: the Tamil-Malayalam substratum with its many subtle roots; old Sinhala culture and language, which is the dominant element; and the phase of Arabic in- fluence. But the Maldives were touched by every cultural wind that passed over the Indian Ocean. Since independence there has again been influence from Sri Lanka, through its teachers brought...

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... Muslim septs, with the latter being Sunni converts retaining some of their Hindu practices. Most keep copies of the Quran in their homes; however, like Hindus they worship a family deity. Brahman priests are consulted to determine a lucky time for the first bath for the mother after a baby is born. Id-al-Zuha (Id-al-Adha) and Id-al-Fitr are their two most important fes- tivals. Gujar Musl...

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