Encyclopedia of World Cultures Volume III - South Asia - D,E,F doc

... that life continues be- yond the grave, in a land where each of the uyus has its indi- vidual abode. When one dies, his or her soul is taken to the domain of the uyu who was the cause of death. An individual enjoys the same status and life-style that he or she had while alive. For this reason the deceased is provided with food, drink, possessions, and other tools and provisions to ensur...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:20

... her four grandpar- ental clans in common with his. Polygyny is allowed though not common, and the custom of adelphic polyandry, or the sexual access by an unmarried man to his brother's wife- which was often practiced by at least non-Muslim peasant Jat, in order to prevent further fragmentation of land-has de- clined in recent decades. Among all Jat, widow remarriage is permitted; ei...

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... Conflict. There is no solid evidence of warfare in the Nilgiris involving the Kotas and other tribes. They claim, however, that the ritual drum, e-rtabatk, was originally used in battle. Religion and Expressive Culture Religious Beliefs. Kotas consider themselves Hindus and no Kotas have gone on record as converting to any other reli- gion, although one or two marriages have reportedly occ...

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... Oriya 215 Boys and girls marry after puberty, boys usually at 1 6-2 0 years. This follows a period in which both sexes sleep in a youth dormitory (dhumkuria). Boys are branded on the arm before being admitted to this institution. The dormitory pro- vides a pool of agricultural labor that can be hired when nec- essary. Most Oraons are farmers, and in the past they prac- ticed shifting cult...

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... the four major Dravidian languages of south India. They can be considered a caste and are endogamous. Location. Kerala State lies at the southernmost extremity of the peninsula between 8'18' and 12°48' N and between 74°52' and 77'22' E and stretches along the shores of the Sherpa 257 sity tuition and perhaps a hotly contested place in a medical college, w...

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... Contents Project Staff vi Contributors vii Preface xiii Introduction xix Maps 1. South Asia xxviii 2. Cultural Regions of South Asia xxix 3. Major Languages of South Asia xxx 4. Dominant Religious Groups of South Asia xxxi 5. Cultural Groups of South Asia xxxii Cultures of South Asia 1 Appendix: Additional Castes, Caste Clusters, and Tribes 309 Bibliograph...

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... he must learn to read the classical Arabic language) can eventually become the worship leader (mullah or imam) of a local mosque if so chosen by the congregation. Further study of the Quran and of Muslim law (the sharia) may qualify a man to be a religious leader with a wider following, greater stature, and sometimes significant political influence. Bengali 29 Roland, Joan (1989). Jews...

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... a diviner has identified what is to be done. There are all manner of private curing rituals, and these are held by whomever knows how, not by professionals; they tend to involve sacrifices to intruding spirits, soul recall- ing, and the leaving of miniature images of wealth outside the village for the spirits. There are few definite seasonal calen- drical ceremonies, but village rites m...

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... old culture is comprised of three main layers: the Tamil-Malayalam substratum with its many subtle roots; old Sinhala culture and language, which is the dominant element; and the phase of Arabic in- fluence. But the Maldives were touched by every cultural wind that passed over the Indian Ocean. Since independence there has again been influence from Sri Lanka, through its teachers brought...

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... Muslim septs, with the latter being Sunni converts retaining some of their Hindu practices. Most keep copies of the Quran in their homes; however, like Hindus they worship a family deity. Brahman priests are consulted to determine a lucky time for the first bath for the mother after a baby is born. Id-al-Zuha (Id-al-Adha) and Id-al-Fitr are their two most important fes- tivals. Gujar Musl...

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