Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - 37 ppsx

... is anomalous. A dispersion-managed system could have an average span dispersion that is normal or anomalous. In the same example, if the normal fiber had a chromatic dispersion of -3 0 ps/nm-km, ... constant at wavelength )~r. Four-wave mixing manifests itself as intrachannel crosstalk. The total crosstalk power for a given channel coc is given as )-~ oi+o)j-~o~=~Oc Pijk. As...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking Series Editor, David Clark, MIT Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, 2e Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan Telecommunications Law in the ... Technology and Applications Bruce Davie and Yakov Rekhter High-Performance Communication Networks, 2e Jean Walrand and Pravin Varaiya Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, 2e Larry...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... cross-sectional area. (a) A typical distribution of the signal inten- sity along the radius of optical fiber. (b) A hypothetical intensity distribution, equivalent to that in (a) for many purposes, ... a factor of C~ after it has propagated a distance equal to the dispersion length. 70 PROPAGATION OF SIGNALS IN OPTICAL FIBER I Figure 2.8 A (negatively) chirped Gaussian pu...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... reflections can convert the amplifier into a laser, making it unusable as an amplifier. A combination of several factors has made the EDFA the amplifier of choice in today's optical communication ... multiplexers and demultiplexers. 3.4 Optical Amplifiers In an optical communication system, the optical signals from the transmitter are at- tenuated by the optical fiber...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... devices, and a variety of technologies are avail- able to build smaller-scale switches. All -optical wavelength converters are still in the research laboratories, awaiting significant cost reductions ... commercial devices. High-speed APDs and pinFET receivers are both available today. Large-scale MEMS-based optical switches for use in wavelength crossconnects are now emerging as co...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... S. Namiki and Y. Emori. Recent advances in ultra-wideband Raman amplifiers. In OFC 2000 Technical Digest, pages FF-1-FF-2, 2000. [NE01] S. Namiki and Y. Emori. Ultra-broadband Raman amplifiers ... this case, compute the best-case and worst-case loss seen by a channel that is dropped, a channel that is added, and a channel that is passed through the device. (c) Another way to reali...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... that all channels are received with approximately the same signal-to-noise ratios at the receiver and fall within the receiver's dynamic range. However, the amount of equalization that ... The flatness of the EDFA passband becomes a critical issue in WDM systems with cascaded amplifiers. The amplifier gain is not exactly the same at each wavelength. Small variations in gain betwee...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... signal. The optical interface corresponding to the STS-3 rate is called OC-3 (optical carrier-3), and similar optical interfaces have been defined for OC-12, OC-48, OC-192, and OC-768 corresponding ... layers in backbone networks today are SONET/SDH, IP, and ATM. SONET/SDH is particularly adept at dealing with lower-speed time divi- sion multiplexed streams, whereas IP and ATM are ad...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... spanning at most a few kilometers are called local-area networks (LANs); those that span a campus or metropolitan area, typically tens to a few hundred kilometers, are called metropolitan-area ... Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 97 8-0 -1 2-3 7409 2-2 For information on all Morgan Kaufmann publi...

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2014, 12:45

... interface (UNI), 382, 385, 523 valence band, 161 variable optical attenuator (VOA), 213 Vernier effect, 231 vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), 17 3-1 74 advantages, 173 drawbacks, ... signal formats, 24 0-2 42 DC balance and, 241 non-return-to-zero (NRZ), 24 0-2 42 return-to-zero (RZ), 24 0-2 42 See also on-off keying (OOK) modulation signaling interfac...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21