Environmental Life Cycle Costing - Chapter 1 ppt

... Verghese 7 .1 Introduction 11 3 7.2 Organic versus Conventional Extra-Virgin Olive Oil 11 8 7.2 .1 Summary 11 8 7.2.2 Denition of the Case Study 11 8 7.2.3 Entry Gate and Drivers 11 8 7.2.4 Implementation 11 8 7.2.5 ... Three Types of Life Cycle Costing 15 3 8 .1. 1 Conventional LCC 15 3 © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 1 1 Introduct...

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... D+E 1 3 42 € — 103 € 2 to 12 20 € 896 € 464 € 13 – 42 € — 8 € Total 320 € 896 € 575 € Note: Years: 1 = production, 2 to 12 = 11 years of use, and 13 = end of life. * End-of -life costs and savings ... collectors and recyclers, excluding consumer costs for separate collection. © 20 08 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 20 Environmental Life Cyc...

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... of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Environmental Life Cycle Costing 41 3. 3 CALCULATING LIFE CYCLE COSTS BASED ON THE PROCESS LCI OF LCA 3. 3.1 G ENERAL PROCEDURE As in LCA, environmental ... the product is given by p 3 a 31 , with a 31 = 1, that is, p 3 . The solution p 1 of equation (3. 3) with the a 21 replaced by a 21  and a 31 = 1 then giv...

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... 10 9 0.01 Au-ore 1 .46 10 6 1.19 10 6 1. 74 10 12 1. 64 Cu-ore 9.03 10 9 208 1.88 10 12 1.77 Fe-ore 5.07 10 11 0.961 4. 87 10 11 0 .46 Pt-ore 1. 24 10 5 7 .43 10 6 9.21 10 11 0.87 Pd-ore 9.90 10 4 7 .43 10 6 7.36 ... care. © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 76 Environmental Life Cycle Costing 4. 4 .4 ACCESS TO CAPITAL Standard & Poor...

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... Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Life Cycle Costing in Life Cycle Management 85 5.3 CONTINUOUS PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT 5. 3.1 LCC AND LCIA IN ECODESIGN Product design has been ... the decision-relevant future, discounting, and the currency futures market. © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 77 5 Life Cycle Costi...

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... static life cycle. These were set to a life cycle duration of 0 years in Figure 6. 5; the longest life cycle spans 90 years (a building).** * The SETAC-Europe Working Group on Life Cycle Costing ... steady-state life cycle. Conventional LCC studies do not assume a stationary life cycle; in addition, the life cycle duration typically is longer (Figure 6. 17). Thi...

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... 6.4 6.5 6.6 6 .7 6.8 6.9 7 7. 1 7. 2 7. 3 Annual life cycle costs Environmental evaluation (VCD) Opel Corsa 1.0 Twinport Fiat Punto 1.2 8V Citroen C2 1.1 116 Environmental Life Cycle Costing TABLE 7. 2 Summary ... costs 4991 € 5529 € 477 9 € © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 140 Environmental Life Cycle Costing 7. 7. 3...

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... 2003. Life cycle costing: paving the road to sustainable develop- ment? International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 8 (2), 109 – 110. Hunkeler, D, Rebitzer, G. 2005. The future of life cycle ... Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 7 (4), 203–218. Schmidt, W-P. 2003. Life cycle costing as part of design for environment: environmental business cases. International...

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... Compounds 13 9 11 .1 Introduction 13 9 11 .2 Sources 13 9 11 .3 Petroleum Hydrocarbons 14 0 11 .3 .1 Alkanes 14 0 11 .3 .1. 1 Properties and Use 14 0 11 .3 .1. 2 Health Effects 14 1 11 .3.2 Alkenes 14 2 11 .3.2 .1 Properties ... Use 14 2 11 .3.2.2 Health Effects 14 2 11 .3.3 The Aromatic Hydrocarbons 14 2 11 .3.3 .1 Benzene 14 3 11 .3.3.2 Toluene 14 4 11 .3.3....

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... leaves with tip necrosis. LA4154/frame/C10 Page 129 Friday, May 19, 2000 9:27 AM © 2001 by CRC Press LLC 123 CHAPTER 10 Environmental Fluoride 10. 1 INTRODUCTION Fluorine is the lightest ... effects of subtoxic dose of a NaF (10 mg F/kg body weight) on the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the submandibular glands of fed and overnight-fasted rats and...

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... atoms. They may be simple, straight chains (n-normal), branched (iso-, sec-, tert-), or have a simple ring configuration (cyclo-) (Figure 11. 1). Low-molecular-weight alkanes have low boiling points ... Academic Press, New York, 1986, 111 . 9. Rochkind, M., Blackburn, J.W., and Sayler, G.S., Microbial Decomposition of Chlo- rinated Hydrocarbons, EPA-600/ 2-8 6-0 90, U.S. Environme...

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... are observed in Pb-poisoned rats fed diets containing supplemental vitamin E. 12. 3 CADMIUM The outbreak of “itai-itai-byo” or “ouch-ouch disease,” in Japan was the histor- ical event that ... attacking the energy-rich thioester intermediate as shown below: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + HAsO 4 2– → AsO 4 –GAc–P (12. 8) arsenophosphoglycerate The product of this reaction, 1-arseno-3-phosph...

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... vegetables. Exam- ples of carbamates include aldicarb (2-methyl- 2-( methylthio)propionaldehyde- O - (methylcarbamoyl) oxime)) (Figure 13. 5) and carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl- 7-benzofuranyl ... (ethylene 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) or dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene) or DDD (ethane 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)) (Figure 13. 2). A limited conversion of F...

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... to detrimental anemia. LA4154/frame/C14 Page 211 Thursday, May 18, 2000 11:58 AM © 2001 by CRC Press LLC 209 CHAPTER 14 Mutagenic Pollutants 14. 1 INTRODUCTION A mutation is a process ... often called intercalating agents and include benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), 5-aminoacri- dine, proflavin, and others (Figure 14. 6). 14. 4.3.3 Metals Many studies have shown the cytotoxic effect o...

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... BaP is benzo(a )-7 ,8-diol-9,10-epoxide. 14 This active form of BaP is formed through cyto- chrome P450-dependent activation followed by several enzymatic steps. The result- ant BaP metabolite ... 9, 592, 1976. 15. National Toxicology Program (NTP), Bioassay of 1,2,3,6,7, 8- and 1,2,3,47,8, 9- Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin for Possible Carcinogenicity, DHHS Publication (NIH) 8...

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