ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 32 potx

... experimental facilities in North America: The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem study area in New Hampshire and the Experimental Lakes Area in Ontario, Canada. As a consequence of these early experiments, a large ... with a well-designed program of observational and small-scale experimental approaches to identify critical questions that can only be addressed using large-scale experiments. This st...

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... this approach include Cahill et al. (2003), Czub and McLachlan (2004), Gobas and Mackay (1987), Hickie et al. (1999), Mackay (1979, 2001), Mackay and Wania (1995), and Wania and Mackay (1995). As ... transfer to human milk. At a subcontinental scale, Mackay and Wania modeled the movement of organochlorine contaminants in the Arctic. General (Wania and Mackay 1995) and chemical-specific (Wani...

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... Animal Systematics and Population Studies, Academic Press, Sydney, Australia, 1986. Robison, S.H., Cantoni, O., and Costa, M.,Analysis of metal-induced DNAlesions and DNA-repair replication in mammalian ... (NCRP 1993). 17.2.3 MUTATION RATES AND ACCUMULATION The natural rate at which mutations appear varies among genes and species. Rates for bacteriophage, bacteria, and vertebrate species ran...

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... information into basic parameters. Models allowed a clearer understanding of contaminant influence on the temporal dynamics of populations than afforded by conven- tional, individual-based methods alone. ... habitats can contain a number of individuals only if a source habitat is nearby and indi- viduals move among habitats. Keystone habitats and corridors for migration among segments of...

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... that radio- active materials moved between biotic and abiotic compartments and accumulated in food chains was a significant discovery that linked basic and applied ecological research. A readily ... striking aspect of this original work was Lindeman’s attempts to quantify seasonal dynamics of vegetation and animal production in a small lake (Cedar Bog Lake, Minnesota) and to characterize...

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... United States of America on acid-free paper 1098765 4321 International Standard Book Number-13:97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 35 7-6 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded ... understand its parts and also how that level functions as part of a larger whole. This can only be done by simultaneous and thoughtful application of microexplana- tion, holis...

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... in adults in that particular part of the estuary. particular habitat can sustain. As an example, phosphorus might limit the standing crop of a nuisance blue-green algalspecies ina freshwaterlake ... might take an autecological vantage to managing that particular species. Another example of an autecological topic might be how the physiological tolerances of an estuarine crab relative to sali...

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... Phase I reactions (Slater 1984). As a final example, enhanced oxidative damage at high metal concentrations occurs due to hydroxyl radical formation. In such a case, more metal ion is available ... Function or purpose Associated process Metabolism (anabolism and catabolism) Translation TranscriptionExcretion, respiration, detoxification, and sequestration Maintain soma, control aging Mai...

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... soma, they are also relatively unavailable for trophic transfer to grazers, predators, or parasites (Nott and Nicolaiduo 1993, Wallace and Luoma 2003, Wallace et al. 2003). Let us examine details ... accumulation of metals in Littorina littorea hepato- pancreas and kidney as arising from metal ligand-binding tendencies with pyrophosphate granules in cells of the hepatopancreas and with S-rich...

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... cerebellum (Acquaah-Mensah et al. 2001). Acrylamide, a chemical contaminant that has been found in some foods, can cause axon damage, producing loss of coordination (ataxia) and skeletal muscle weakness (LoPachin ... or urea. Crustaceans excrete primarily ammonia via antennal glands and insects have Malpighian tubules that excrete uric acid. Both crustaceans and insects also have nephrocyte...

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