ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 24 pdf

... bioassays and species abundance data were collected, but only canonical discriminant analysis of macroinvertebrate species abundance data are presented here. Canonical variables, linear combinations ... right along the first axis, reflecting an increase in abundance of Chironomidae, Planorbidae, Hirudinea, and Lymnaeidea, and a decrease in Gammaridae and Asellidae. © 2008 by Taylor & Fran...

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... soma, they are also relatively unavailable for trophic transfer to grazers, predators, or parasites (Nott and Nicolaiduo 1993, Wallace and Luoma 2003, Wallace et al. 2003). Let us examine details ... accumulation of metals in Littorina littorea hepato- pancreas and kidney as arising from metal ligand-binding tendencies with pyrophosphate granules in cells of the hepatopancreas and with S-rich...

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... 1968 and 2006. Eighty-two percent of these papers applied experimental designs appropriate for analysis of variance (ANOVA) or analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and did not draw on available ecological ... individuals of the same species. Finally and as detailed in later chapters, interspecies interactions are also important, including balancing activities associated with foraging and predator...

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... and contaminant transport, certain landscape characteristics can also influence factors that regulate contaminant bioavailability. Variation among watersheds in pH, water hardness and other factors ... thousand (‰ or per mill). The average δ 15 N increase with each trophic exchange is 3.4‰ (Cabana and Rasmussen 1994, Minawaga and Wada 1984), but it can vary from 1.3‰ to 5.3‰ (Minawaga and Wada...

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... Global Climate Change • Aquatic and wetland ecosystems are very vulnerable to climate change. • Increases in water temperature will cause a shift in the thermal suitability of aquatic habitats ... T.M., Pancotto, V .A. , Flint, S.D., Ballare, C.L., Sala, O.E., Scopel, A. L., and Caldwell, M.M., Six years of solar UV-B manipulations affect growth of Sphagnum and vascular plants in a Tierr...

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... Discriminant and Cluster Analysis 486 24. 3.4 Application of Multivariate Methods to Laboratory Data 488 24. 3.5 Taxonomic Aggregation in Multivariate Analyses 490 24. 4 Summary 491 24. 4.1 Summary of ... United States of America on acid-free paper 10987654321 International Standard Book Number-13:97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 35 7-6 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from auth...

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... in adults in that particular part of the estuary. particular habitat can sustain. As an example, phosphorus might limit the standing crop of a nuisance blue-green algalspecies ina freshwaterlake ... might take an autecological vantage to managing that particular species. Another example of an autecological topic might be how the physiological tolerances of an estuarine crab relative to sali...

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... Phase I reactions (Slater 1984). As a final example, enhanced oxidative damage at high metal concentrations occurs due to hydroxyl radical formation. In such a case, more metal ion is available ... Function or purpose Associated process Metabolism (anabolism and catabolism) Translation TranscriptionExcretion, respiration, detoxification, and sequestration Maintain soma, control aging Mai...

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... or urea. Crustaceans excrete primarily ammonia via antennal glands and insects have Malpighian tubules that excrete uric acid. Both crustaceans and insects also have nephrocytes in other parts ... with orthodichlorobenzene-coated sand (Sparks 1972). Amphibians have active dermal ion and gas exchange from water that is disrupted by contaminants. As an important example, some pyrethroid © 2008...

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... such as lead can be excreted via the mammalian liver by an active transport mechanism (Rozman and Klaassen 1996). Abou-Donia et al. (2002) also make the generalization that a molecular weight greater ... gill ATPases. The basolateral membrane of gill cells, which have high Na + /K + -ATPase activity (Evans et al. 1999), is the site ofATPase-mediated transport of many metals such as silver i...

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