ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 3 ppt

... life. DNA can be damaged by contaminants or their metabolites that are free radicals or can facilitate free radical 2 generation. Free radicals can break one or both strands of the DNA molecule, ... two ways. Antioxidant molecules are produced that react with oxyradicals and enzymes are synthesized that consume oxyradicals or oxyradical-generating chem- icals.Antioxidantsinclude catecholamine...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... United States of America on acid-free paper 1098765 432 1 International Standard Book Number- 13: 97 8-0 -8 49 3- 3 35 7-6 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded ... thoughtful application of microexplana- tion, holism, and macroexplanation. These explanatory vantages are equally useful to all levels of organization because no level has...

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... in adults in that particular part of the estuary. particular habitat can sustain. As an example, phosphorus might limit the standing crop of a nuisance blue-green algalspecies ina freshwaterlake ... well-established autecological approach and, in this case, produced a reasonable conclusion. They also adopted, with minimal adaptation, a technological paradigm from mammaliam toxicology—th...

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... such as lead can be excreted via the mammalian liver by an active transport mechanism (Rozman and Klaassen 1996). Abou-Donia et al. (2002) also make the generalization that a molecular weight greater ... phosphate and arsenate, Mar. Chem., 14, 259–265, 1984. Newman, M.C. and Jagoe, C.H., Ligands and the bioavailability of metals in aquatic environments, In Bioavail- ability. Physical,Chemic...

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... on ln time-to-fatal cancer might be estimated with an accelerated failure model. The median time-to-fatal cancer appearance might be 230 days earlier than that of the reference population. Both ... hazard of a reference group or type is used as a baseline hazard and the hazard of another group is scaled (made proportional) to that baseline hazard. For example, the hazard of contracting...

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... Heritability can be quantified by assuming that phenotypic variation among individu- als results from a combination of genetic variation (including additive-, epistatic- and dominance-associated variance), ... Clements: 33 57_c018” — 2007/11/9 — 18:26 — page 33 8 — #8 33 8 Ecotoxicology: A Comprehensive Treatment re-examination of Box 12.1 will show that a preoccupation at one po...

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... Comprehensive Treatment Nakano, S., Miyasaka, H., and Kuhara, N., Terrestrial-aquatic linkages: Riparian arthropod inputs alter trophic cascades in a stream food web, Ecology, 80, 2 435 –2441, 1999. Odum, ... likely influence contaminant bioavailability, uptake, and depuration in complex and often unpredictable ways. The photoactivation of certain contaminants after exposure to UV-B radi...

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... with and without a particular species, are practical alternatives to actual manipulation and will play an important role in identifying keystone species. Well-designed studies that take advantage ... experiments and natural experiments are discussed in Chapter 23. Natural experi- ments often involve comparison of abundances, morphological features, and habitat use of species in sympatric...

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... comparison of beak sizes among allopatric and sympatric pop- ulations of Galapagos finches. Assuming that beak size is an appropriate surrogate for resource use, the greater separation of beak ... statisticalnull hypothesistesting paradigmhas becomeso catholicand ritualizedas toseemingly impede clear thinking and alternative analysis approaches. (Anderson et al. 2001) Statistical approaches .....

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... populations of Norway Spruce (Picea abies) in the Bavarian Alps and red spruce (Picea rubens) in eastern North America and Canada have been significantly impacted. Ollinger et al. (19 93) measured ... variety of plants and animals have shown effects of UV-B at all levels of biological organization. • Because phytoplankton are a major component of marine food webs in Antarctica and other area...

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