Khai niern quan chung nhiin danduochieu trong mo! quanhe vOi khai ni~m liinh tV.D6
la hai yeu to cO ban t<;lothimh ll/c 111Q'ngcach m9ng cua qua trinh cai t<;lokinh te - chinh trj - xa hQi.
Quan chung nhan dan luan luan dl1Q'c xac djnh bOi: MQt 1.1, nhCrngngLfOi lao d9n9 san xuift ra cua cai v,flt chift va giG trj tinh than; Hai la, nhCrngbq ph,fln dan cLf ch6ng l?i giai
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cap d6i khang vOi nhan dan;Va ba la, nhCrnggiai cap, tang lOp xii h9i gop phan thuc day si/
tien b9xii h9i.
Cling giong nhl1 bat cU khai ni~m khoa hQc nao, khai ni~m quan chung nhan dan c6 nQi ham luan bien dOi thea sl/ phat trien cua Ijch sLr xii hQi. NhU'ng dil c6 bien dOi the nEW chang nCra, thi bQ ph~n nhCrng ng110i lao dQng san xuat ra cua cai v@t chat va cac gia trj tinh than van 1a ll/c 111Q'ngqang dao nhat va dong vai tro h9t nhan cO bim cua khai ni~m quan chung nhan dan.
Khai ni~m vinhan nham chI nhCrng ng110i c6 tri thUc uyen bac va co tam nhin xa, biet nam bat dl1Q'CnhCrng van de can ban nhat trong mQt hay mQt so llnh vl/c nao do cua h09t dQng xii hQi. VI nhan co the la nhCrng ng110i lam khoa hQc, l.im chinh trL lam van hoa - ngh~ thu~t. .. NhCrng vI nhful nao co kha nang t~p hQ'p, giac ngQ, to chUc quan chUng nhan dan de giai quyet nhCrng nhi~m vl,J Cl,Jthe do Ijch sLrd~t ra dl1Q'cgQi 1.1liinh tv.
Nhl1 v~y, liinh tV phai 1.1 ng110i co nhUng pham chat cO ban: MQt la, co tri thUc khoa h9C uyen bac, bie't nam bat dLfQ'cxu the v?n d9n9 cUa dan t9C, qu6c te'va thai d?i; Hai la, conang ll/c t?P hQ'pquan chung nhQndan, biet th6ng nhaty chi, hanh Q9ng cua h9 de' giai
• •
~quyet nhLrng nhi?m VI) cl) thtf do Ijch sLf a~t ra; Va ba Ia, luimgan b6 m?t thiet voi quim chung nhan dan, biet hy sinh que» minh vzl<Ji ich cao ca ctia quan chung nluu: dan.
Sl/ xuat hien lanh tu mang tfnh khact: quan. Bat cu mot thoi dc;'linao, mot dan tQc nao,
khi nhirng nhiem vu lich sLr duoc d~t ra da: chin muoi, khi phong trao quan cluing rQng lOn doi hoi thi sornhoac muon nhirng con ngutri ki~t xuat ay, nhfrng lanh tu voi tai nang va pham chat can thiet se xuat hien. Nhung ai tra thanh lanh tu lai la dieu ng~u nhien, kh6ng co ngtrci nay, se co ngU'Oikhac. V'Ll.enin viet: "Trang lich str chua he co mot giai cap nao gianh dvgc quyen thong tr!, neu no kh6ng dao tc;'lodvgc trong hang,ngu cLla minh nhCrng lanh tl,l chinh tr!, nhCrng dc;'libieu tien phong co du kha nang to chuc va lanh dc;'lOphong trao"S7. TU' tU'Ong nay cLla V.I.Lenin can cho thay vai tro cl/c ky quan trQng cLla lanh tl,l. Song, dieu do kh6ng co ngrua la neu thieu yang mQt lanh tl,l Cl,lthe nao do thi hOc;'ltdQng cua quan chung kh6ng dVgc thl/c hi~n.
Vi~c xuat hi~n lanh tt) kh6ng chI mang dnh khach quan ma can mang tfnh ljch sU. Tinh lich sLr the hi~n 0vai tro, ph;;1m vi hO;;1tdQng, tac dl,lng cua nhCrng lanh tl,l suy cho cung do
87 V.I.Lenin, Toim t?P, T.4, Nxb Tien b<), Matxcava, 1978, Ir. 473.
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nhCrng dieu ki~n lich sLI'qui dinh. Kh6ng co mQt ca nhan ki~t xuat n'ao co the vU'gt ra ngoai dieu ki~n lich sLrnay. HOn nCra, kh6ng co lanh tl,l chung cho mQi thOi dc;'li.MDi giai dOc;'lnphat trien cLla xa hQi co lanh tl,l rieng vOi nhCrng d~c tlnh va kha nang rieng, de giai quyet nhCrng nhi~m Vl,lrieng do crunh giai dOc;'lnlich sLrdo de ra.
Quan chUng nhan dan, lanh tl,llu6n la chu the cLla cae tien trinh lich sLrxa hQi.