Trong giao tidp hang ngay cd bdn phuomg thirc dien dat: nghe, dgc, ndi va vilt. Bdn phuomg thirc dien dat nay hinh thanh nen nhtrng kenh giao tidp qua dd thdng tin dugc truyen tir ngudi nay sang ngudi khac. Nghe va dgc la hai kenh nhu nhan hay thu ddng (ngudi hgc nghe ngudi khac ndi va dgc nhtrng gi ngudi khac vilt), ndi va viet la hai kT nang san sinh hay chii ddng (ngudi hgc ndi cho ngudi khac nghe va vilt cho ngudi khac dgc). Trong su phat trien tu nhien cua cac kenh giao tiep, ngudi day can phai bao dam rang ngudi hgc hieu dugc nhung phat ngdn mdi hg nghe va dgc trudc khi san sinh ra nhirng phat ngdn cd thi hilu dugc. Dilu thudng thay la ngudi hgc tieng Anh nhu la mdt ngoai ngir se thay rat khd san sinh ngdn ngu- ma hg dang hgc. De cd the san sinh dugc, trudc hit hg phai nhan dugc ngdn ngtr dau vao (cang nhieu cang tdt), hoac tir ngudi day. tir nhtrng phucmg tien ghi am, tir thdng tin dai chung, hoac tir tu lieu ngdn ban. 6 moi cdp do ciia su thdng thao trong ngdn ngir dang hgc, ngudi hgc cd the hieu nhtrng gi hg nghe va dgc. Hg CO the dien dat cho ngucri khac hieu dugc thong qua noi va viet. Su thong thao trong phuong thirc giao tiep nay ciing co cho sir thong thao trong phuong thirc giao tiep kia. Dieu nay co nghTa la, khac voi quan niem ve day ngoai ngir truoc kia, ngay nay trong khi day mgt ngoai ngir tat ca bon ki nang deu duo'c
xem la co tam quan trong ngang nhau va phai la nhung bo phan cau thanh
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trong mot chircng trinh day tieng Anh, cho dii la tieng Anh khong chuyen a bac dai hoc.
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Ngoai muc dich phat trien bdn kT nang giao tiep cho ngudi hgc. chuang tnnh hgc tiing Anh khdng chuyen d Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi can phai cd ba pham trii md ta viec sir dung ngdn ngu dua tren hai kenh thu nhan va san sinh: hieu va san
sinh tiro-ng tac, chi hieu, va chi san sinh. Trong pham trii hieu \a san sinh tucmg
t^c cd nhurng hoat dgng trong dd ngudi hgc giao tiep ciing ban be ddng lira vdi
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minh bode voi nhumg nguoi khdc ve nhirng chu de lien qucm den doi song cua hg. Phuong thirc giao tiep ndy co the thong qua hinh thirc khdu ngir, chang ban nhu hgi thoai qua dien thoai, hodc thong qua hinh thuc but ngii, chang ban nhu trao d6i voi ban be vd nhumg nguoi khdc thong qua mdy tinh. Nhumg boat dgng ndy cung
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cap sir trao doi nhirng y tuong duge ho trg boi su hieu biet ngon ngii vd san sinh ngon ngir co the hieu dugc. Trong giao tiep, neu mot ben khong hieu dugc y nghia ben kia muon trao trao doi, thi ben khong hieu thuong yeu cdu ben kia lam ro la viec lam ndy khong mdy kho khdn. Pham trii ndy ciia ngon ban la mot thdnh phdn pho bien ciia sir dung ngon ngir xa hgi.
Pham tru thir hai bao gom viec chi hieu mgt each thu dgng. Dgc mgt cau chuyen hay mgt bai bao khoa hgc trong mot tap chi khoa hgc hay nghe mot bai giang chuyen nganh qua bang ghi dm hay bang ghi binh la cdc boat dgng minh hga cho pham trii nay. O ddy ngucri dgc hodc ngucri nghe chi phu thuge vdo kho khai niem rieng cua minh vd vao nhirng kT ndng giai ma ngon ngir de hieu ngon ban, kliong CO s^r ho trg hoac giiip dcr ciia ngucri viet hoac ngucri day.
Pham irii thir ba bao gom chi san smh ngon ngir. Thi du \ e pham trii nay bao gcnn cac boat dgng nhu hoan thanh mot ho so xin viec bdng tieng Anh, phat bieu bfmg ticmg Anh truoc cir tga ve mcM van de xa hgi hodc khoa hgc. Trong nhung truong hcrp nay, ngucri ncn/viet trinh bay bdi phat bieu ciia minh ngan khong cho nguoi nghe/dgc tim kiem sir lam ro y nghTa. Dieu kien nay dat trdch nhiem cao vdo nguoi noi hoac ngucri viet: hg phai sir dung ngon ngir trong sang vd chinh xac.
Pham trii nay ciia ngc^n ban la thanh phan pho bien ciia viec sir dung ngon ngii hgc thuat va can phai dugc quan tam den trong khi thiet ke chuong trinh cdc mon hgc
am Nhirng ngudi hgc tiing Anh khdng chuyen d Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi thudn mang nhumg kT nang giao tilp ciia minh trong tiing Viet vao ldp hgc trong ph
trii hilu va san sinh tuomg tac. Day la nhimg "ddng gdp ban dku" (Breen & Candlin 1980: 90) rat quan trgng. Tuy nhien, hg vdn ckn phai phat triln kha nang
su dung ngdn ngir trong pham trii thir hai va pham trii thir ba. Hg cung cd thi c k ph^i phat triln cac kT nang su dung nhQ-ng ngir vuc ngdn ngir trang trgng, dl cd thi dien dat mgt each ro rang biing tieng Anh trong nhumg bdi canh trang trgng. Viec gidng day true tiep ciia ngudi day cho phep ngudi hgc nang cao dugc nhirng thi manh san cd trong ngdn ngu: trang trgng d nhirng mire do tinh tl hon, phat triln dugc the manh cua hg ve nhOmg gi hg da cd trong giao tilp bang tiing Viet. Them vao dd, nhtimg ngudi hgc dugc thira hudng tir nhtimg thi manh cua tiing me de se
hgc/thu dac dugc nhirng kT nang ngon ngir thong thao gop phan vao viec cimg cb
vd ndng cao kinh nghiem hgc thuat cua minh,