- .J '" . ^ -J o L O P Z ^ Q ) 1 3 5 D R I F T C J ) G T . D 3 L ( 9 ) 3 o L O P Z ^ Q ) 1 3 5 D R I F T C J ) G T . D 3 L ( 9 ) 3 LOCK)0[i £ £ . 4 : 3 i4»2d2 £ 3 . 1 £ 5 c ' ? . 92"3 3 ! 3 , 3 6 ? J - > J t ' -J 1 V 1 y ; •5S '5 7 HCB £ 6 . 4 1 HCH £7.547 diazinon £?.3'i3 wofatox o & , ^ ^ c DDT HROHATQPAC C - R 6 H A t l P L i MO 0 ^PORT MO £££' ;1£TH0D
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2.3.4. Xac dinh do thu hoi.
- Ddi vdi m a u dat : Dung bdm tiem, tiem chinh xac Iml hdn hdp
(lung dich chuan vao m a n dat khdng chiia HCTS (tot n h a t lay mau dat da dUdc phan tich xong). Day niit lai, lac tron mot liic cho deu va de yen qua dem. Tien h a n h theo cac bUdc nhU phUdng phap chung.
- Ddi vdi m a n gao, m a u thUc p h a m : dimg bdm tiem, tiem chinh xac Iml hdn hdp dung dich chuan vao mau gao hoac m a u r a u qua khdng chiia HCTS. Tien h a n h cac bUdc phan tich nhu phUdng phap chung.
Dua vao lUdng tim dUdc so sanh vdi lUdng dUa vao ciia mdi chat, ta tinh dUdc do t h u hdi cua y-HCH, p,p' - DDT va wofatox trong cac ddi tUdng, (bang 12).
Bang 12 : Do thu hdi cua cac ton lUdng HCTS (%)
Do thu hoi Rau qua Dat Nude y-HCH 82 90 85 p,p'-DDT 90 95 82 Wofatox 84 85,5 83 2.4. Ung dung
Sau khi lap d u n g dUdc cac phudng phap phan tich, chiing tdi da ling dung de p h a n tich dUdc cac ddi tUdng sau :
- 423 mau dat - 120 m a u nude - 144 m a u khdng khi
- 660 m a u r a u qua cac loai va 60 mku thUc vat
- 60 m a n md ddng vat - 290 hop p h a n rdm
- HCTS tren da cua 96 ngUdi tiep xiic vdi HCTS
- Hoat tinh enzym chohnesteraza cua 306 ngudi tiep xiic. - 20 m a u sUa me.
2.4.1. Ddi tiidng nghien cihi
Cac dia diem nghien ciiu a. NhUng viing d nhiem nang :
- Thdn Cau Dien, xa Vinh Long, huyen Vinh Linh, tinh Quang Tri
- Thdn Hdng Phii, huyen Hoa Vang, tinh Quang N a m - Da Nang b. NhUng viing de HCTS d trong nha
- Hdp tac xa trong nho Phudc My, thi xa P h a n Rang, tinh Ninh T h u a n
- Hdp tac xa trong r a u PhUdc Hai, Nha Trang va HTX trong r a u d Dien Kliaiih, tinh Khanh Hoa.
c. 36 kho HCBVTV cua cac tinh mien Trung, trong dd cd kho hoa chat bao ve thUc vat Ddng Tac sau tran bao lut ngay 2/10/1993 tai thi xa Tuy Hoa, tinh Phii Yen.
d. 10 hieu ban my p h a m tai Nha Trang (ban p h a n rdm, trong phan rdm, cd chUa warfarin - mot chat diing de diet chuot).
e. Xac dinh ton lUdng ciia mot sd HCTS bi cam sU dung va ban che sU dung d mien Trung.
f Xac dinh tinh t r a n g siic khoe cua 51 ngudi tiep xiic mdi trUdng va 255 ngudi tiep xiic nghe nghiep(30 ngUdi trong nho, 30 ngUdi trong
rau, 195 ngUdi trong liia bao gdm thu kho, pha che thudc,phun thudc va hoc vac thudc),
2.4.2. Nghien cdtu tinb trang 6 nhiem mdi tnidng. 2.4.2.1. Nguyen nhan dieu tra.
- N h a n dan thdn Cau dien phat hien cd mot so thung HCBVTV dUdc chon dUdi dat, tren ddi cao (trong thdi gian chien tranh). Kho HCBVTV ngam dUdi dat nay, qua may chuc n a m da bi thien nhien tan pha. HCBVTV ngam vao nUdc ngam, ngam vao dat. MUa lu da dUa chiing chay xudng chan ddi, tu lai d cac viing dat d trong lang. Mot p b a n nUa do n h a n dan dao bdi tim sat thep..., da tao dieu kien de HC^BVTV trdi dat di xa, tan mac nhieu ndi d trong lang.
TU bao lau nay, n h a n dan phat hien "an r a u qua trong lang r a t dang
va cd miii khd chiu". Tinh hinh siic khoe cua n h a n dan trong lang bi giam Slit, ty le benh t a t ngay cang tang. Do dd n a m 1990, chiing tdi tien h a n h dieu tra nghien ciiu mdi trUdng va tinh t r a n g siic khoe cua
nhan dan thdn Qkn Dien, Vinh Long, Vinh Linh, Quang Tri [68].
- Nha may boa chat trung Udng III Hoa Khanh san xuat H(]TS tit basuchn, malathion, HCH, diazinon, wofatox n h a p ngoai; Nha may cho phdi lieu t h e m mot so phu gia va ddng gdi nhd nhU bot H(>H 6% (gom 94% caoliii + 6% y - HCH), basuchn h a t hoac ddng chai malathion, wofatox (dUdi cac dang che p h a m khac nhau) tu: cac t h u n g
200 lit. Khu dan cu nkm tren vung dat cat trung, thap hdn m a t bang cua nha may khoang tii 0,5 - 1,5m. Hudng gid thoi tU phan xUdng san
xuat H('TS sang k h u dan cU. Nhan dan trong thdn da nhieu lan ken ciiu vi ' nude, r a u (jua trong lang cd mui khd chiu, nhieu liic khdng
dam an". Vi vay t h a n g 4/198o chiing tdi tien h a n h dieu tra mdi trUdng thdn Hdng phii, Hoa vang, QNDN [68].
- Klio HCBVTV cua Cdng ty Cung iliig vat tU xa Dien lac (Dien khanh, Khanh hoa), dat each nha dng Thanh 6m. Nudc udng, dat, khdng khi n h a dng Thanh bi d nhiem H(]TS. Gia dinh dng Thanh thudng bi dm dau, da den t r a m xa dieu tri nhUng khdng kh()i. Dac biet gia dinh dng T h a n h thudng bi dm sau nhUng lan kho n h a p hoac xuat HCBVTV trong nhUng thdi diem miia vu. Vi vay n a m 1988 chiing tdi tien h a n h ngliien ciiu mdi trUdng xung quanh kho H(]BVTV Dien lac [65].
- N a m 1985 HTX ndng nghiep Van khanh I da xep 57 tan liia cung vdi 40 lit wofatox va 330kg HCH. Sd liia nay bi dinh wofatox va HCH nhUng khdng dUdc phat liien. Sau dd chiing da dUdc dUa den nha may xay xat Ninh da, Ninh boa. Tai day ngUdi ta p h a t hien trong thdc,
gao, cam cd miii HCTS. Cudc dieu tra dUdc tien h a n h tii kho Van
khanh I [68].
- Nghe trong nho r a t phat trien d thi xa P h a n rang. Kliac vdi cac loai r a u qua khac, tit khi cat la den klii t h u hoach nho, ndng dan phai dung r a t nhieu loai HCBVTV. Da sd cac loai HCBVTV deu rat d^t tien. Do dd ndng dan cd thdi quen cat giU HCBVTV trong nha. Nho thudng bi nhieu loai sau va n a m pha hoai cho nen ndng dan thudng phai phun HCBVTV lien tuc cho den tan ngay t h u hoach. Nhieu ngitdi tudi cao, siic yeu nhUng cung phai phun thudc trit sau de bao ve nho. Da cd mot ngUdi trong nho 65 tudi bi chet vi ngo doc HCTS. Chiing tdi tien h a n h dieu t r a cac "ia dinh trdntj nho va miic dd nhiem ddc H(^.TS
tren nbUng ngudi tiep xiic tai HTX trong nho PhUdc My, thi xa Phan Rang, tinh Ninh T h u a n [64].
- Ngay 2/10/1993 tran bao lut da gay thiet hai nghiem trong cho tinh Phii yen, trong sd dd cd cac kho HCBVTV ciia cac huyen va kho Ddng tac, mot kho chinh cua cdng ty BVTV tinh Phii yen cung bi thiet hai nang. Kho HCBVTV Ddng tac bi chim ngap trong mot vung nUdc menh mdng. Nitdc dang cao va ngap kho khoang Im. Cudi ddng nUdc la viing dan cU thdn Hoa hiep, thi tran Phii lam, thi xa Tuy Hoa. Sau tran bao lut, n h a n dan udng nUdc thay cd miii HCTS va t^m thay ngita ... Do dd chiing tdi tien h a n h dieu tra mdi trUdng xung quanh kho Ddng Tac [69].
- H a n g n a m thudng cd bao lut xay ra d cac tinh mien Trung. Bao lut thudng gay thiet hai cho cac kho tang, nha ciia ... Viec kiem tra cac kho HCBVTV (i tuyen huyen, xa la dieu can thiet. Vi vay 36 kho HCBVTV d mien Trung dUdc dieu tra toan chen [65].
2.4.2. Tinh trangdnhiem chung
Bang 13 : sd man dieu tra 6 nhiem moi trUdng
Loai m a n dieu t r a
LUdng thuc (de lan vdi HCTS) Khdng khi
Dat
Nudc sinh boat (gieng, tUcrt rau)
Rau, qua, khoai, cii gan kho HCTS
Rau d vudnv^ mua d clid
So m a u 5 144 423 120 68 728 So m a u CO ton lUdng HCTS qua TCCP So Ivfdiig 5 80 156 44 20 180 Ty h) % 100 55,5 39,0 36,6 30 24,7
a. 6 nhiem dat :
''• Dieu t r a tai cac gia dinh [62]
Bang 14 : Tdn lUdng HCTS trong dat tai viing d nhiem n a n g (mg/kg)
Dia (tiem dieii tra
Tlion Can Dieu