Nhu da trinh bay, dao du’c mdi trudng la mot lmh vuc dao du’c dac thu, vi the no co mot he thdng nhung chuan muc dac thu phan anh nhung yeu cSu dac thu cua viec bao ve mdi trudng. Tuy vay, tinh dac thu nay khong co nghia la nhung chuan muc dao diic mdi trudng la nhung chuan muc biet lap khong co mdi lien he gi vdi cac chuan muc dao diic xa hoi noi chung. Thuc ra tinh dac thu cua cac chuan muc dao du’c mdi trudng chi co
nghia, chung la bieu hien dac thu cua cac chuan mu'c dao due trong llnh vuc bao ve moi truong. Cung nhir nhu'ng llnh vuc dao due khac, dao due moi trudng co nhung chuan muc chung chi phoi cac phuong dien cu the cua quan he giua con ngudi va moi trudng. Trong dieu kien hien nay, theo chung tdi, nhung chuan muc sau day co the coi la nhu'ng chuan muc chung can ban nhat:
1. Ton trong va bao ve sU hai hod cua he thdng con ngudi - xa hoi - tu nhien.
Co the coi day la chuan muc chung nhat, dinh hu'dng gia tri chung nhat trong quan he dao du'c giua con ngudi va ty nhien. Nhung chuan muc khac trong he thong chuan muc dao due moi trudng deu la su cu the hoa chuan muc nay vdi nhu'ng mu'c do cu the khac nhau. Co sd khach quan cua chuan muc nay chmh la qua trinh hinh thanh, qua trinh tien hoa mot cach tu' nhien cua ban than he thdng con ngudi - xa hoi - tu nhien.
Vdi tu cach mot chuan muc dao du'c, thai do va tinh cam tdn trong, bao ve su hai hoa cua he thdng con ngudi- xa hoi-tu' nhien se dinh hudng cho chung ta tu giac va tu nguyen bao ve su da dang sinh hoc, bdi chfnh su da dang sinh hoc la mot trong nhiing nhan to, mot trong nhung dieu kien dam bao cho su hai hoa cua he thdng luon duoc ben vung
Thai do va tinh cam tdn trong, bao ve su hai hoa cua he thdng con ngudi- xa hoi- tu nhien cung dong thdi dinh hudng cho chung ta tu giac va tu nguyen giai quyet mot cach tdi uu nhung van de cua con ngudi, xa hoi. Tdn trong va bao ve su hai hoa cua he thdng con ngudi-xa hoi- tu nhien chfnh la chuan muc dao du'c phd q u a t, dong thdi la su phan anh ve mat dao diic cua ban than qua trinh phat trien lay kinh te, xa hoi, mdi trudng lam muc ti6u cung hudng tdi.
2. Sic dung tdi nguyen tiet kiem va co hieu qua
nguon tai nguyen, nhung nguyen lieu thay the, tang cudng tai che, su dung lai nhiing phe lieu... Ta't ca nhung dieu do chi co the thuc hien duo'c mot cach triet de khi dong thdi co dugc nhu'ng bien phap v6 mat phap ly va su' dieu chinh cua y thiic dao du'c, y thuc coi viec su' dung tai nguyen mot cach tiet kiem va co hieu qua la mot chuan mu'c dao du'c can ban trong dieu kien hi6n nay.
3. T u giac va tu nguyen tudn thu cac yeu cau bao ve mdi trudng trong cac hoat dong san xuat, khai thac, y te, du lich... duoc the che hod trong cac cam ket quoc te hoac luat moi trudng cua cac quoc gia.
Co the noi, nhung yeu cau bao ve moi trudng dugc the che hoa trong cac cam ket quoc te va luat moi trudng cua cac qudc gia la nhu'ng yeu cau mang tmh chat can ban va tdi thieu. Viec vi pham cac yeu cau nay se anh hudng rat tieu cuc den viec bao ve mdi trudng. Tuy va da co nhu'ng cam ket hoac da co nhiing dieu luat kha cu the the hien trong cac luat mdi trudng nhung tren thuc the, nhu'ng cam ket hoac nhu'ng di6u luat nay van bj vi pham d nhiing mu'c do nha't dinh. Vi vay, nang nhiing yeu cau nay len thanh yeu c£u dao diic thuc hien chung mot cach tu' giac tu nguyen thi hieu qua bao ve mdi trudng se dugc nang len.
4. De cao tinh than trach nhiem va phoi hop hanh dong gidi quyet cac su co mdi trudng.
Bao ve mdi trudng la trach nhiem chung cua ca nhan loai nhung mdi qudc gia, mdi to chiic, mdi ngudi, tuy cuong vi ma co nhiing trach nhiem cu the khac nhau. Nhiing trach nhiem ay khong chi tren binh dien bao ve ma con tren binh dien giai quyet cac su co mdi trudng. Tmh mang, tai san cua con ngudi dac biet ddi hoi su phoi hop hanh dong giai quyet cac su co mdi trudng. Co the mot su co mdi trucmg nao do xay ra chi thuoc pham vi trach nhiem true tiep cua mdt to chu'c nha't dinh, nhiing viec khac phuc hau qua cua no ddi hoi ta't ca nhung to chiic, nhung dcm vi co kha nang deu phai tham gia. Vi the nang cao tinh thdn trach nhiem phoi hgp hanh dong giai
quyet cac su co moi trudng la mot trong nhung yeu cau, mot trong nhung chuan muc hang (Mu cua dao du’c moi trudng.
5. Giu gin moi trudng song xanh, sach, dep trong ddi song cd nhan,
cong dSng
Chuan muc nay nhan manh trach nhiem cua con ngudi trong dai song thudng nhat, lien quan den thdi quen sinh hoat. Khong phai chi san xuat (cong nghiep, nong nghiep) gay 6 nhiem moi trudng, rac thai sinh hoat hien cung dang la van de, dac biet la d cac thanh pho. Chuan mire nay nhac nhd mdi con ngudi co y thu’c giu gin ve sinh chung va tich cu tham gia vao cac hoat dong lam xanh, sach, dep lang xom, dudng pho, khu dan cu, noi lam viec, khu vui choi sinh hoat cong cdng... Viec thudng xuyen co y thuc va tham gia vao nhiing hoat dong nhu vay se tao cho con ngudi thai do tfch cuc, mdt thoi quen than thien vdi mdi trudng.
6. Thuc hanh loi song van hod, the hien quan he hai hod giua muc song va y nghia cuoc song.
Loi song van hoa la loi song duoc dinh hudng bdi nhiing gia tri cao dep, nhung gia tri phan anh nhan tmh, phan anh nhung sue manh ban chat cua con ngudi. Loi song van hoa la loi song ma theo do, mdi ngudi trong khi ra siic phat trien nhan cach cua minh cung ra sue tao ra nhiing dieu kien cho su phat trien nhan cach cua ngudi khac, cua toan the cong dong. Su phat trien con ngudi vdi tu cach la gia tri dinh hudng cua loi song van hoa bao ham su phat trien ca the chat va tinh than.Bdi vay, loi song van hoa khong quy gian chi ve viec chay theo miic song tiic la chay theo ddi song vat chat va nhiing tien nghi. Do la cot loi cua loi song tieu thu, loi song tuyet doi hoa cac gia tri vat cha't, xem nhe cac gia tri tinh than. Loi song tieu thu duoc xem la mot trong nhung nguyen nhan sau xa cua viec day manh qua miic vile khai thac tu nhien, pha hoai mdi trudng.
Loi song van hoa la loi song co su can ddi giua viec thoa man cac nhu cau vat chat va cac nhu cau tinh than. Trong khi khuyen khfch phat
y nghia cuoc song con ngudi. Viec nang cao y nghia cuoc song vdi tu cach la phuong dien uu tien trong loi song van hoa doi hoi con ngudi phai quan tam den con ngudi.
Viec bao ve mdi trudng ddi hoi phai giai quyet hai hoa cac quan he loi fch do. Dong thdi, viec giai quyet hai hoa cac quan he do lai tao ra nhung dieu kien thuan loi cho cac quan he do lai tao ra nhung dilu kien thuan loi cho viec bao ve mdi trudng. Noi cach khac, viec thuc hien loi song van hoa vira ddi hoi, vua tao ra su ket noi giua con ngudi vdi con ngudi, con ngudi vdi tu nhien nhu la mot he thdng su song tong the. Chfnh vi vay, thuc hien loi song van hoa, the hien quan he hai hoa giua mu'c song va y nghia cuoc song la mot trong nhung chuan muc can ban cua dao du'c mdi trudng.
Vdi tu cach la nhu'ng chuan muc can ban cua dao du'c mdi trudng, nhiing chuan muc tren day can duoc cu the hoa hon nua de co the phat huy tac dung trong ddi song ca nhan va cong dong. Su cu the hoa nhu vay co the la dudi hinh thiic cac trach nhiem cu the ddi vdi cac chu the dao du'c, chSng han: ca nhan, gia dinh, lang xom, to dan pho; cac co so san xuat, y te, giao due, cdng sd; cac llnh vuc hoat dong: nong nghiep, cdng nghiep, du lich...