2. Nếu là mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn phải có dấu phẩy (comma) + Ta dùng 1 dấu phẩy nếu mệnh đề quan hệ nằm sau mệnh đề chính.
+ Ta dùng 2 dấu phẩy nếu mệnh đề quan hệ nằm giữa mệnh đề chính.
3. Đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHOM, WHICH khi thay cho tân ngữ mà nằm trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn không được bỏ đi.
4. WHICH thay cho toàn bộ mệnh đề đầu, thì cũng có đấu phẩy.
Ex : He said he had no money. This was not true. He said he had no money, which was not true.
5. THAT không được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn.
EXECISES
Choose the best answer:
1. I gave her all the money …… I had.
A. which B. that C. D. All are correct
2. The chair …… I was sitting on wasn’t very comfortable.
A. that B. where C. when D. whom
3. A friend of mine, …… father is the manager of a company, helps me to get a job.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
4. The ladder …… I was standing began to slip.
A. which B. in which C. at which D. on which
5. He showed us the house……….he was born.
A. which B. in which C. in where D. in that
6. His latest book, ……, is about his adventure in Canada.
A. which published last week C. which was published last week B. that was published last week D. to be published last week 7. That is the house in ...I used to live.
A. that B. which C. where D. there 8. I'll never forget the day ... I first met you.
A. at when B. at which C. on when D. on which 9. They own an original Picasso painting, ... is over a million dollars.
A. of which the value B. the value of which C. which of the value D. of the value which 10. I met the boy ... is the president of the corporation.
A. whose father B. father of whom C. who's father D. of whom father BT TỰ LUYỆN CÓ ĐÁP ÁN:
1. This is the place _________ I met my wife.
A. what B. where C. which D. that 2. Simon is the man _________ Mary loves.
A. who B. which C. whom D. A&C 3. She is the one _________ I told you about.
A. what B. which C. whose D. that
4. Those _________ had studied hard passed their exams.
A. what B. which C. who D. whose 5. The magazine _________ you lent me is interesting.
A. what B. which C. whom D. whose 6. The man _________ is resting is very tired.
A. what B. which C. whom D. who
7. The boy _________ sat next to you is my friend.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 8. We are using books _________ were printed last year.
A. what B. who C. which D. whose
9. The painting_________Ms. Wallace bought was very expensive.
A. whom B. whose C. which D. where
10. The homeless people_____story appeared in the paper last week have now found a place to live.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
11. __________ is your favourite sport, swimming or running.
A. What B. Which C. Whom D. Whose
12. Were the Wright brothers the ones __________built the first aeroplane?
A. which B. whom C. whose D. that 13. I don't like stories________ have unhappy endings.
A. where B. which C. they D. who 14. She, ________ is your sister, lives far away.
A. which B. who C. whom D. she 15. I see some girls ________ are pretty.
A. whom B. which C. who D. they 16. Give back the money ________ you took.
A. it B. who C. whom D. which
17. He was killed by a man ________ friends we know.
A. whose B. which C. whom D. that
18. He spoke to the messengers with ________ you were leaving.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. that 19. We captured a town ________ is in Spain.
A. whom B. where C. which D. it 20. The farmers ________ we saw were in the field.
A. whose B. which C. they D. whom 21. The women ________ I gave the money were glad.
A. to whom B. to that C. for whom D. for that 21. The film about _____ they are talking is fantastic.
A. who B. which C. whom D. that
22. The people ____ for the bus in the rain are getting well A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. wait
23. He is the boy _______ is my best friend
A. that B. whom C. who D. A& C 24. I have a message for people _____ by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay B. who delay C. delayed D. who delaying 25. I live in a pleasant room ____________ the garden.
A. to overlook B. overlooking C. overlooked D. which overlooking
26. Melanie was the only person _____ a letter of thanks.
A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing 27. The pilot was the only man _______ after the crash.
A.was rescued B. rescued C. rescuing D. to be rescued
28. I met a lot of new people at the party ________ names I can’t remember.
A. whose B. which C. who D. whom
29. I’ll see you near the post office ___________ we met the other day.
A. which B. where C. when D. why
30. Tell me the reason ______ you were absent yesterday.
A. where B. when C. why D. that 31.There was a time ____ dinosaurs dominated the earth.
A. which B. when C. that D. A & B
32. Summer is the time of the year _________ the weather is the hottest.
A. when B. which C. that D. B & C 33. Do you know the man about _______ they’re talking?
A. whom B. whose C. that D. A & C 34. What’s the name of the blonde girl _____ just came in?
A. who B. whose C. whom D. A & B 35. I don’t like people ________ lose their tempers easily.
A. who B. whose C. that D. A & C 36. I don’t like people _______ never stops talking.
A. that B. whose C. where D. whom 37. It _____in Hanoi _____ I was born and grew up.
A. is / that B. was / that C. was / which D. is / which 38. It____ Lan _____ always helps him in his trouble.
A. was/ who B. was/ that C. is / who D. is / which 39. It was The World Cup _______in Korea and Japan.
A. which was held B. that were held C. that was held D. that held
40. Marie,_______ I met at the party, called me last night.
A. that B. whom C. which D. whose
Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ có các dạng sau:
1) Dùng cụm Ving : Dùng cho các mệnh đề chủ động The man who is standing there is my brother
The man standing there is my brother
2) Dùng cụm P.P: Dùng cho các mệnh đề bị động . I like books which were written by NguyenDu I like books written by NguyenDu
3) Dùng cụm to inf: Dùng khi danh từ đứng trứoc có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa : ONLY,LAST,số thứ tự như: FIRST,SECOND...,so sánh nhất.
This is the only student who can do the problem.
This is the only student to do the problem.
-Động từ là HAVE/HAVE GOT
I have much homework that I must do. --> I have much homework to do.
-Đầu câu có HERE (BE),THERE (BE)
There are six letters which have to be written today. --> There are six letters to be written today.
- So sánh nhất GHI NHỚ :
Trong phần to inf này các bạn cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
- Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf.
Ex: We have some picture books that children can read.
We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như we,you,everyone.... thì có thể không cần ghi ra.
Ex: Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about.
- Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu. ( đây là lỗi dễ sai nhất).
Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
We have a peg to hang our coat on.
4) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ ) Dùng khi mệnh đề tình từ có dạng:
S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ Cách làm: -bỏ who ,which và be
Ex: Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.
Do you like the book which is on the table? --> Do you like the book on the table?
Trường hợp khác:
I have a car which has four seats : tôi có 1 chiếc xe mà nó có 4 chổ ngồi
NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH TÓM LƯỢC – BÀI 19