CHAPTER IV. DISCUSSION AND LESSON LEARNED
4.2. Assessment of waste management and treatment in the area of Bac
4.2.1. Source of waste and components of domestic waste in the Bac Ninh
Along with the development of the whole country in recent years, Bac Ninh city is considered as a dynamic young city with rapid development in economy, culture and society in many aspects. The rapid economic growth, the people's life has been improved, leading to the increasing demand for natural resources, which has resulted in a large amount of solid waste and a daily amount of waste was increased. All human activity directly or indirectly generates waste, more or less depending on the life of each person. This is one of the sources of pollution to the landscape, which directly affects urban beauty and the life quality of life of people.
Therefore, we need to pay attention to this issue in the deepest. The following sources of solid waste can be identified in Bac Ninh city:
Table 4.1. The amount of domestic waste generated at the source
Sources Volume (tons / day) Ratio (%)
Household waste 155,8 77,9
Waste from hotels, restaurants 14,7 7,35
Waste from the market 21,53 10,76
Waste park, flower garden 3,47 1,74
Other souces 4,5 2,25
Total 200 100
(Source: Bac Ninh Urban Public Works and Environment Limited Company, 2012) The table above shows that: Domestic waste mainly comes from households, accounting for the largest proportion (77.9%). Source of waste from the market is also relatively large (10.76%). Bac Ninh City has 3 big markets (Cho
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Mem, Do Market, Thi Cau market) and many small markets in the commune, trading activities are busy with many categories of goods.
In general, the total amount of domestic waste in Bac Ninh city is very large, depending on the area, the living standard of the people, the amount of waste increased or decreased in weight and composition. According to the calculations of the city, the total amount of domestic waste is about 200 tons/day and night. The volume of waste in summer is more than winter. On festive occasions, garbage mass festivals have increased sharply, especially during the Lunar New Year.
Table 4.2: The amount of waste generated in households at wards in the Bac Ninh city.
Order Wards Population (people)
Average amount of waste per person per day (kg/person/
day)
Volume of waste(ton/
day)
1 Dap Cau 8077 0.80 6.45
2 Thi Cau 12870 0.82 10.5
3 Vu Ninh 13263 0.87 11.6
4 Dai Phuc 17037 0.85 14.5
5 Suoi Hoa 6366 0.80 5.1
6 Tien An 6739 0.76 5.15
7 Ninh Xa 9740 0.91 8.9
8 Kinh Bac 9721 0.91 8.85
9 Ve An 6352 0.82 5.2
10 Vo Cuong 16296 0.83 13.6
11 Van Duong 11190 0.85 9.5
12 Hoa Long 6993 0.72 5.05
13 Khac Niem 10737 0.88 9.45
14 Phong Khe 10431 0.80 8.35
15 Khuc Xuyen 3725 0.87 3.25
16 Van An 7659 0.80 6.15
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17 Kim Chan 5381 0.90 4.85
18 Nam Son 10210 0.83 8.5
19 Hoa Long 11041 0.89 9.85
Total 82 609 0.83 154.8
The table shows that the wards of the city with a total population of 82609 with the waste generated is 154.8 tons per day and the average waste of person per day is 0.83 kg. The average amount of waste per person per day depends on living standards. Economic conditions of each ward: in the wards near the center of the city with high population density and high living standards so much waste generated. It can be seen as Ninh Xa Ward. Kinh Bac, Dai Phuc. The average garbage volume is about 0.85- 0.91 kg/person/day, respectively, higher than the surrounding wards Phong Khe, Vien An, Suoi Hoa with the amount of waste is about 0.80 to 0.83k /person/day and the lowest is Hoa Long ward with 0.72 kg/
person/day.
Total waste generated in Bac Ninh ward from households and other sources (mainly from schools, offices and markets) is shown in the table below.
Table 4.3: Total waste generated from sources at wards in the Bac Ninh city.
Order Wards
From households (tons /day)
From another source
(tons/day)
Total volume (tons/day)
1 Dap Cau 6.45 6.2 12.65
2 Thi Cau 10.5 8.35 18.85
3 Vu Ninh 11.6 7.45 21.86
4 Dai Phuc 14.5 10.26 24.76
5 Suoi Hoa 5.1 1.3 6.4
6 Tien An 5.15 5.0 10.15
7 Ninh Xa 8.9 8.1 17
8 Kinh Bac 8.85 3.4 12.25
9 Ve An 5.2 2.25 7.45
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10 Vo Cuong 13.6 11.56 25.16
11 Van Duong 9.5 5.2 14.7
12 Hoa Long 5.05 2.01 7.06
13 Khac Niem 9.45 6.79 16.24
14 Phong Khe 8.35 5.15 13.5
15 Khuc Xuyen 3.25 1.23 4.48
16 Van An 6.15 4.15 10.3
17 Kim Chan 4.85 2.86 7.71
18 Nam Son 8.5 5.65 14.15
19 Hoa Long 9.85 3.2 13.05
Total 154.8 100.11 254.91
(Source: Self-built author) From the table above we see the total amount of garbage arising from the source is 254.91 tons / day. In the amount of waste generated from households is mainly with the volume of 154.8 tons per day (accounted for 60.7%), from other sources is about 100.11 tons / day (39.3%). In particular, waste is concentrated in wards with large population and many agencies, headquarter, schools such as Dai Phuc Ward (24.76 tons/day), Vo Cuong ward (25.16 tons/day), Vu Ninh ward (21.86 tons/day) ... In the wards far from the city center, it is lower than the average of 4.48 - 10.3 tons / day, such as Hoa Long ward (7.06 tons/day), Khuc Xuyen ward (4.48 tons/day).
The composition of garbage at the points is shown in Table 4.4
Table 4.4: Composition of garbage at wards in the Bac Ninh city.
Order Ingredient Ratio (%)
1 Scrap paper 3,2
2 Leaves, organic waste 46,1 3 Nylon bags, plastic goods 5,7
4 Metals, canned goods 5,8
5 Glass 3,4
6 Sand, other substances 35,8
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Figure 4.1: Percentage distribution of waste components at wards
Based on the above table and figure, organic waste accounted for 46.1% of the total (vegetable, fruit, waste products ...). The remaining components account for a lower proportion such as paper shreds 3.2%, glass 3.4%, others 35.8%.
Although plastic and nilon are very low at only 5.7% but this is a very large amount of waste that pollute the environment due to the slow decay time in the environment and is everywhere in the environment such as roadside, root, pond, drain, lake. The fact is that people often burn this waste so that the toxic gas released and polluted the environment affects human health.