- Tu tinh (Bai II H6 XuSn Huong)
DAC DI^M LOAI HINH CUA TIENG VIET
(Tidp theo)
I - BAI TAP
1. Cho edu Sao khdng bdo nd den ? Hay dao frdt tu tfi ngfl (vdi cdc ddu cdu
thieh hgp) dl ed cae edu khdc nhau.
2. Trong bai Viet Bdc, Td Hflu vidt:
Ta vdi minh, minh vdi ta
Ldng ta sau trudc man md dinh ninh.
Trong edu ddu, hai tfi ta va minh dugc lap lai nhung hodn ddi frdt tfi. Dilu dy
ed hieu qua gi vl mat diln dat ? 118
3. So sanh ngudi dy vdi ngudi dy cd, tdi vdi tdi ai {Tdi ai ! Ddng tuyet vgng ! - Trinh Cdng Son). Cho bie't frong hai trudng hgp, ngudi dy va tdi ed khdc nhau vl
ngMa nhu thd ndo ?
4. Nlu bo tii dd frong vi du sau ddy di, tM nghia cua edu thay ddi ra sao ?
Tdi khdng ddm bdo ngodi dudng khdng cd TMch Ca hay TMch Ca ngodi dudng khdng cd bd ich cho ta. Nhimg theo nguyen ll cua loai ngudi, tdt phdi biit Phdt trong nhd dd. (Phan Bdi Chdu)
5. Trong nhflng vf du dudi ddy, ddu cd thi Mlu nhu mdt hu tii phu dinh
(= "khdng") hay nhu mdt dai tfi philm chi (= "noi nao dd"). Anh (ehi) chgn cdch Mlu nao ? Tai sao ?
- Ngudi ddu gap gd ldm chi
Trdm ndm biit cd duyin gi hay khdng ?
(Nguyen Du - Truyen Kieu) - Ttta gdi budng cdn ldu chdng dugc,
Cd ddu ddp ddng dudi chdn beo.
(Nguyen Khuyeh - Cdu cd mua thu) - La tha cdn nhd gid diu hiu
Ddu tiing ldng xa vdn chg chiiu.
(Huy can - Trdng giang)
n - G O l Y G l A l B A l T A P
1. v l If thuye't ed tbl len din 120 cdu khae nhau, chua kl nhiing edu khdc nhau chi nhd ddu edu. Ndu chi kl nhfing edu chdp nhdn duge thi eon sd la fren dudi 40 cdu. 6 ddy ehi ddn mdt sd edu ldm vf du :
(1) Sao khdng bdo nd din 7 (2) Sao bdo nd khdng din ? (3) Sao no bdo khdng
din ? (4) Sao Ididng din bdo nd ? (5) Sao nd khdng bdo din ? (6) Sao ? Din bdo no khdng ? (7) Sao ? Bdo nd din khdng ?
(8) No den, sao khdng bdo ? (9) No din, khdng bdo ^ao. (10) No din bdo :
khdng sao. (11) Nd bdo : Sao khdng din ? (12) Nd din bdo : Sao khdng ?
(13) Nd bdo : Din khdng sao ? {U) Nd bdo : Khdng den sao .? (15) Nd Ididng
bdo, sao din ? {16) Nd khdng bdo din sao ? {\1) Nd khdng den, bdo sao ?
2. Ta vdi minh rdi lai minh vdi ta, vide lap lai cung vdi sU hodn ddi frdt tU gifla
ta vdi minh ndi ldn su gan bd khdng kbit, tinh ydu thuong tha thidt gifia minh vdi ta, hai nhdn vdt trfl tinh trong bai Viet Bdc.
3. Vl y nghia, ngudi dy la ngdi thfi ba, tdi la ngdi thfi nhd't, frong khi ai la mdt tfi dfing dl hd ggi, chi ed tbl dung vdi ngdi thfi hai. Thanh thfi khi ndi ngUdi dy ai hay tdi ai, thi d ddy ngudi dy va tdi phai duge Mlu la ngdi thfi hai. NgUdi dy ai
duge dfing khi ngudi ndi mud'n ggi mdt each thdn mdt mdt ngUdi chua quen bilt
chang ban. Cdn tdi ai trong Tdi ai ! Ddng tuyet vgng I la nguoi ndi da phdn thdn :
tdi ngdi thfi nhdt frd chuydn, ddng vidn tdi ngdi thfi hai.
4. Khi d cud'i cdu, dd chi mdt su vide'xay ra trudc mdt su vide khdc. Nhu thi, b cdu Nhung theo nguyin li cua loai ngudi, tdt phdi biet Phdt trong nhd dd, nlu khdng dung dd, thi se mdt di edi y : biit Phdt trong nhd la chuydn phai ldm trudc
khi hiit Phdt ngodi dudng.
5. -Trong NgUdi ddu gap gdldm chi, niu hiiu ddu la hu tfi phu dinh, thi trdi
vdi tinh tilt trong Truyen Kiiu. Ddy la doan ddc thoai eua Kilu, sau khi da gap
Kim Trgng.
- Trong Cd ddu ddp ddng dudi chdn beo, hiiu ddu la dai tfi phidm chi thi cdu
tho hay hon va cflng phu hgp hon vdi thi phap cd. O ddy Nguyin Khuydn sfi dung thu phdp la'y ddng ta tinh : canh vat ydn tinh din mfic ehi mdt tidng ddng rdt khe
ma cung du nghe thdy (lidn he vdi nhfing cdu tho khdc trong bai Thu diiu : Song
biic theo ldn hai ggn ti I Ld vdng trudc gid khe dua veo).
-Trong Ddu tiing ldng xa vdn chg chiiu, hiiu ddu la hu tfi phu dinh, thi bai
tho khdng them duge gi nhilu lam ; hon nfla, frong tidng Viet, ndu la hu tfi phu
dinh, thi khi kdt hgp vdi (cum) danh tfi, phai la ddu co, chfi khdng phai ddu. Trdi lai, ndu bilu ddu la dai tfi phidm cM, thi phu hgp hon vdi khdng khf toan bai.
Trdng giang la mdt bai tho man mdc mdt ndi budn "khdng neo ddu' ; tdt ca diu
khdng cd dinh vao mdt edi gi h i t : eon thuyin xudi mdi, eanh cui khd frdi lac, beo dat hang ndi hang, long ngudi budn nhd du "khdng khoi hoang hdn". Va ddy, tidng lao xao cua chg ehilu da van vang ldn ddu dd, ehfi khdng bidt dfeh xdc la noi ddu.