- Nhflng trudng hop klo ddi k^ han vdn chuyln.
2. Nhung tinh hudng khac md theo lfenh cua chfnh phu nude sd tai ngifng vdn chuyen.
chuyen hang hda cd lien quan.
11. Do thifeu nhung trong lugng, sd' lugng d trong bao kifen ma vdn con nguyfen ven va vdn con nifem phong, kep chi. ven va vdn con nifem phong, kep chi.
* Trong tru&ng hop khdng hoan thanh ky han thi dugc mifen trdch nhifem trong nhttng tru&ng hgp sau:
1. Tdc du&ng do tuyfe't Id, cat Id, hay lu lut trong th&i gian nhilu nhdt 215 ngay theo lfenh cua co quan du&ng sat nude sd tai. theo lfenh cua co quan du&ng sat nude sd tai.
2. Nhung tinh hudng khac md theo lfenh cua chfnh phu nude sd tai ngifng vdn chuyen. chuyen.
* Mire bdi thudng cua dudng sdt:
Khi hang hoa bi mdt toan bd hay mot phdn thi dirdng sdt se bdi thudng hoa dan ban hdng cua ngudi xudt khan cho ngu&i nMp khdu. Nfe'u khdng cd hoa don thi td chitc giam dinh qudc gia xac dinh gid tri.
BrtPrtRSEr0RV$RTfa
1. N6u gid tri hkng h6a ke khai thi chi b6i thudng theo gid tri da ke khai. 2. Nfiu gid tri hkng h6a khdng ke khai thi chi.phii bdi thudng nhiiu nha't lk 1750SF/kg (SF France Thuy S ). Ngoki ra cdn bdi thudng phf hdi quan vk cudc.
* Khi hkng hda bi hu hdng hay gidirrchdtTu^ng.dudng s it se bdi- thudng sd tiin tuong ung vdi phdn gid tri bi gidmdo hu hdng dd.
* Khi hkng dfih ky han chuyen chd thi phdi bdi thudng: 6% tiin cudc nfiu thdi gian chdm <= 1/10 tdng ky han chuyfin chd. 12% tiln cudc n£u thdi gian chdm 1/10 -> <= 2/10
16% tiin cudc nfiu thdi gian chdm 2/10 -> <=3/10 24% tiin cudc nfiu thdi gian chdm 3/10-> <=4/10.. 30% tiin cudc nfiu thdi gian chdm >4/10.
Cdu 56: Yiu cdu bdi thudng vd kiin c&o dan vdn chuyin dudng sit li&n vdn qudc ti?
Yftu cdu bdi thudng: * Theo nguyCn tic:
1. Do ngudi gM hkng d i ra tai gai di hay chu nhdn d i ra tai ga dfin.
2. Gidy yiu cdu bdi thudng blng vdn bdn, ndi r5 If do vk sd tiin ddi bdi thudng.
3. Gidy yfiu cdu ddi bdi thudng phdi duoc tmh dfin cdc co quan cd t h i n quyin (bd GTVT cua nude dd).
Bd hd sO yfiu cdu bdi thudng:
Ngoki gidy td co bdn nhu don yfiu cdu bdi thudng, biCn bdn thuong vu cdn phdi cd cdc gidy td sau:
1. Ddi vdi tmdng hgp mdt todn bd: Phdi cd bdn sao hay bdn chfnh gidy gM hkng vk gidy bdo tin hkng dfin (5 td)
2. Hkng dfin qud ky han: phai cd bdn sao hay bdn chfnh gidy gdi hkng vk gidy bdo tin hkng dfin.
3. Ddi tiin cudc tam thu: bdn sao hay bdn chfnh gidy gdi hkng, gidy bdo tin hkng dfin vk nhflng gidy td khdc theo quy chuong dudng sit cua nude dfin hay nude gdi.
4. Hkng hda bi mdt mdt phdn: bdn sao hay bdn chfnh gdi hkng, gidy bdo tin hkng dfin.
* Thdi h§n trd ldi khifiu nai cua dudng sit lk 180 ngky k i tii ngdy dua don .yfiu cdu bdi thudng theo xdc nhdn cua buu dien hay noi gdi hd so.
Kifin cho:
1. Chu hkng chi cd quyin kifin cdo dudng s it khi da dua y6u cdu ddi bdi thudng nhung gidi quyfit khdng thda ddng. Ngudi nko dua don ddi bdi thudng mdi cd quyin kifin. Don phdi dua dfin mOt tda dn tdt cd thim quyin cua nude cd dudng sit bi kiin.
2. Thdi han yiu cdu ddi bdi thudng vk kifin cdc chu hkng ddi vdi dudng s it lk 9 thdng dd'i vdi yfiu cdu bdi thudng thiet hai, hu hdng, tiin phat, tiin cudc tam thu vk lk .... thdng ddi vdi trudng hop chuyin chd qud ky han.
3. Mdc tfnh thdi han:
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B r tP r tR S r a R V $ R T ff 3
* Ddi vdi trudng hop hing h6a bi ma't mOt phin, hu hong, giam phim chdt hay hing hda ddn qud ky han tfnh tit ngay giao hang cho c h i nhan.
* Ddi vdi trudng hop hang h6a bi mS't toan bd thi tfnh tit ngiy thti 30. Sau khi het han chuyen chd.
* Nhttng trudng hop ktidc thi tfnh tit ngiy xdc dinh tinh hudng lim co sd cho viec yfeu c iu b6i thudng.
Chuong VI. Chuyen chd hang hda x u it nh$p khau bang dudng hang khdng
Can 57: Ddc diem cua van tdi hdng khdng vd van tdi du&ng sdt?
1. Dac diem cua v to tai dudng sat: LTu diem:
* Nang luc van chuyen ldn, cdng cu chira h ing trSn toa xe cd trong tai ldn (60- 70 tin) trong tai cfta ca doan tiu 100 nghln - 200 nghln tin.
* Td'c dd vto chuyen tuong ddi nhanh. Trung blnh v to chuyen khoang 30-50 km/h, cao hon nhilu so vdi v to tai dudng biln.
* Cd kha ning thuc h ita quanh nam, an to in <5n djnh, lien tuc v i dung gid (chay sudtngiy dfim)
* Gid thanh tuong ddi M p , ning xua't lao ddng tuong ddi cao (gid thinh chi cao hon dudng biln mdt chfit). V to chuyin cing d ii cing xa gid thinh cing thip.
Vf du: V to chuyin 10km gid thinh 100%. 50km -------22%
200km -----------7% 500km -----------4%. 1000km-----------3%.
* Thfch hop ddi vdi v to chuyin hto het cac loai hang hda. Nhuoc dilm:
* Tfnh co ddng, tfnh linh hoat k6m.
* Chi phf dto tu co sb vat cha't ky thuat cao (dudng ray, ga.cto, dudng
ham...tdn kem dac biet khi dia hinh phtic tap) 2. Dac dilm cua vto chuyin hanh khdng U u dilm:
* tuydn dudng la khdng gian v i dudng thang rut ngto khoang cach v to chuyin. * Tdc dd cao 800-1000km/h gap 27 lto tdc dd tiu biln, 10 lto td'c dd d td, 8 lto tdc dd dudng sat.
* V to tai an toan nhat.
* Thdi gian bay ng to n ta ft gap rui ro, phf bao hilm nho hon 10% v to chuyin dudng b i l n .
* V to tai htog khdng sit dung cdng nghS cao. * Don gian hda chung tit thu tuc.
Nhuoc dilm:
* Gia thinh cao gap 8 lto v to t&i dudng biln, 2 - 4 Yto tai dudng sat va d td. * Khdng thfch hop dd'i vdi nhfing mat hing cd gid tri thSp, hing cdng kinh. khd'i luong ldn.
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© ftp t e ET0R v t e tAj Tinh co ddng linh hoat k6m
Ddi h6i vdn ddu tir ldn
Cdu 58: Cffs&phdp I f cua vdn tdi hdnh khdng qudcti?
1.Cdng udc d l thdng nha't mQt sd quy tic v l v in tii hkng khdng qudc t l k f ngky 12-10-1929 6 Vacsava. Hidn nay day lk dao lukt ccr b in
2. C ic nghi dinh thu sira ddi. Nghi dinh thu Hague 29-8-1955
Cdng udc bd sung cho cdng udc Vacsava: Guadalara 1961 ip dung cho trudng hop hkng hda p h ii van chuyln tir noi di d£n blng nhflng h in g hkng khdng khic nhau.
Ngudi chuyto chd theo hop ddng. Ngudi chuyen chd thuc t£.
3. Hifip dinh MONTREAL 1966: 0 5 sita ddi v l mat gidi han trich nhifira trong cdng udc Vacsava.
4. Ngbi dinh thu MONTREAL 1975 b in s d 1.2,3,4.
Cdu 59: Trdch nhiim cua ngttdi chuyin chd hdng khdng ddi vdi hdng hda.
Co sd trich nhiem theo cdng udc Vacsava:
Ngudi chuy£n chd hkng phai chiu trich nhiem v l nhflng thiet hai do m£t m it, hu hdng hkng hda hay do cham giao hkng n£u su cd gay ra m£t m it, hu hdng hkng hda dd hay cham giao hknh xay ra trong q u i trinh van tii hkng khdng.
Ngudi chuyen chd hknh khdng duoc m iln trich nhiem n lu ho chiing minh duoc rin g anh ta/ ngudi 1km cdng hoac dai ly cua anh ta da ip dung c ic bien p hip can thiep hop I f d I trinh thiet hai hoac chiing minh anh ta khdng h i ip dung nhOng bien phip phdng trinh nhu viy.
Thdi han trich nhiem: Ngudi chuyen chd hknh khdng p h ii chiu trich nhiem v l nhflng thiet hai x iy ra trong q u i trinh v in tii hkng khdng vko khdang thdi gian mk hkng hda n lm dudi su trdng nom b io quan cua ngudi chuyen chd hkng khdng tai cing hkng khdng, trong m iy bay hoic nhflng trudng hop mk m iy bay p h ii ha cin h ngdai cang hkng khdng.
Gidi han trich nhiem: 250 France vkng/kg hkng hda c i b!, trd khi ngudi guri
hkng da ke khai g ii tri vki phai tr i mdt sd phu phf. Hoke 20 USD n lu g ii vkng 43,22 usd/ounce.
Thiy Tukn
Thdi han trich nhiem: Chiu trich nhiem ddi vdi hkng hda trong q u i trinh v&n chuyln bing m iy bay.
Van chuyln bing m iy bay lk q u i trinh hkng hda n lm trong stf b io q uin cua ngudi chuyen chd hkn khdng trong m iy bay, trong sin bay vk d b it ky noi nko n lu nhu m iy bay budc ph ii ha cin h d ngoki cin g hkng khdng.
V in chuyln b lng m iy bay khdng gdm q u i trinh van chuyln bang dudng bd, dudng sdng, dudng biln, trd khi nhlm thuc hifin hoat ddng v |n chuyln blng dudng hkng khdng nhu: nhan hkng, giao hkng hokc chuyln tii hkng hda.
Co sd trach nhiem: Phii chiu trich nhiem v l m£t m it, hu hai hoac giao cham ( gidng cudc Hamburg do giao c h am )
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Gidi han trdch nliifem: L I sd' tiln ldn nha't ink ngudi chuyfen chd phai b6i thudng cho 1 kg, 1 dcm vi hing hda nfe'u nhu tinh chsft v i tri gid khdng dugc kfe khai trfen vdn dcm vd luc giao hang. Theo Vacsava: 250 France vkng / 1 kg, Hague 1955: khdng quy dinh, khdng phan ddi, Gualajara 1961 khdng quy dinh, Montreal 1966: 9,07 usd / pound ( 20 usd / kg ), Guatemana: 250 France/kg, Montreal 1975: 17 SDR (250 France/kg).
Cdu 60: Thong bdo tSn that vd khieu nai v6i ngitdi chuyin chd hdng khdng?
1/ Ngudi c6 quyin nhdn hdng phai thdng bdo t6n tha't vd khifeu nai doi vdi ngudi chuyfen chd hang khdng trong thdi han sau:
* Ddi vdi tdn tha't ro rfet: thi phdi thdng bdo ngay sau khi phdt hifen dugc t6n that d6 hodc khdng mudn hon 14 ngay k l tir khi nh?n dugc hdng.
* Trong trudng hgp khde, trong vdng 1-4 ngdy k l tti ngdy nhto hdng. * Ddi vdi trudng hgp nhan giao hdng: trong vdng 21 ngdy k l tir ngdy hang hda dugc dat dudi su dinh doat cua nguoi nhdn.
* Trong trudng hgp khdng giao'hang thi trong vdng 120 ngdy k l til ngdy phdt hanh vdn don hang khdng.
* Ddi lai tien cudc tarn thu: trong vdng 180 ngay kfe tit ngdy phdt hanh vdn don hdng khdng.
2. Khifeu nai dugc gfri cho nhttng ngudi sau:
* Ngudi chuyfen chd hang khdng cd vdn dcm hdng khdng dang sir dung.. * Ngudi chuyfen chd thu nhat.
* Ngudi chuyfen chd cudi cdng.
* Ngudi chuyfen chd thuc su da gdy ra mdt mdt, hu hong dd.
3. Thdi han di kifen Id 2 ndm k l tir ngdy mdy bay dfen hodc tir ngdy may bay dang le phai dfen hoac tir ngdy vdn dcm chuyfen hdng hda bi dirng.
Cdu 61: Vdn don hdng khdng? Khdi nifem:
Vdn don hang khdng Id chung tir chuyfen chd hdng h6a bing dudng hdng khdng, Id bdng chting cua hgp dong vdn chuyin hang hda bing mdy bay, Id bing chting cua vifec nhdn hdng d l chd cua hang hdng khdng. Vdn don ndy do hang hdng khdng hodc dai ly cua hang dd cdp vd Id chting tir khdng luu thdng dugc.
Chtic ndng:
* Ld bang chting cua hop d6ng van tdi dugc ky kfe't gitta ngudi giri hang va ngudi chuyfen chd hang khdng.
* Ld bing cua vifec nhdn hdng d l chd cua hang hdng khdng.
* Ld hda don thanh toan cudc phf (ghi cudc phf trfen vdn dcm vl tri gid hdng hda cao vd khlng dinh trdch nhifem cua ngudi chuyfen chd).
* Ld gidy chting nhdn bdo hilm. * Ld td khai hai quan.
* Ld hudng d§n ddi v6i nhan vifen hang khdng. *> Cdc loai vdn don hdng khdng.
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* Airline airway bill: Khdng do 1 hkng hkng khdng nko d6 phdt hkng mk lk mku chung b i t ky hang nko eung c6 th£ d in g duoc ddi vdi hkng 16.
* Van dcm gom hkng (house AWB) * V in don chii (master AWB).
- NOi dung c ia vfn dcm hkng khdng: VSn dcm phdt hknh theo bQ gdm 3 b in chinh vk tir 6-12 b in sao (in san khdng p h ii b in photo).
*> Ndi dung m it trudc: 1. Sd vkn don. 2. Skn bay xu£t phat. 3. T6n, dia chi ngu&i phdt hknh. 4. Tham chifiu tdi b in gdc. 5. Ngudi g ii hkng. 6. Ngudi n hto hkng. 7. Dad I f cua ngudi chuyen chd. 8. Tuydn dudng.
9. Phucmg phdp thanh tdan. 10. Ddng tiln thanh todn. 11. M a thanh tdan cudc.
12. Nhfing chi ti£t v i cudc phf vk chi phf khde. 13. ChO k^ cua ngudi gCri hkng.
*> Ndi dung mat sau:
1. Nhung thdng tin lien quan d€n thdi han trdch nhiem cua ngudi eung c2p. 2. Nhung dieu kien "di£u khoan cua hop ddng", cudc phf, tro n g ju o n g tfnh cudc, gid tri hkng bda van chuyen, trdch nhiem cua ngudi eung c£p, ludt dp dung, thOng bdo tdn thdt, khidu nai.
*> Lap vk phan phdi vkn don: * D ilu vko van dcm.
* Phdn phdi cho nhflng ngudi lien quan.
* B in gdc: b in 1: mku xanh luc din g cho ngudi chuyen chd da phdt hknh. * B in 2: Mku hdng cho ngudi nhan hkng cin g vdi hkng hda.
* B in 3: mku xanh da trdi d in g cho ngudi guri hkng. *> Cdc b in copy:
* B in 4: mku vkng cd sin d noi de'n din g cho veic g ii hkng. * B in 5: Mku tring d in g cho sdn bay.
* B in 6 ,7 ,8 : D ing cho ngudi chuyen chd (ban them) * B in 9: Cho dai \f.
* B in 10: Cho ngudi chuyen chd (ban them) * B in 11,12: Cho h ii quan.
** Thky tudn: *> Phan loai vdn dcm:
1. Vkn dcm cua hang hkng khdng:" Airlines Airway bill: Do hang hkng khdng phdt hknh tren do cd bilu tuong vk ma nhan hkng cua hang hkng khidng h ofc ngudi chuyen chd phat hknh van don.
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2. Van don chung l|p : do ngudi khdc chil khdng phdi do hang hdng khdng phdt hdnh (cdc cdng ty giao nhan)
3. Van don gdm hdng hdng khdng (MAWB): vfln don rifing cua ngudi gom hang ca'p cho ngudi giri hdng 16 dirng d l giao nhdn hdng hda.
4. Van don chia (MWAB): cua ngudi chuyen chd hdng khdng cdp cho ngudi gom hdng ding dd giao nhin giua ngudi chuyen chd hdng khdng vdi...
Cdu 62: Cdc phi vdn tdi hdng khdng?
1. Vide phdt hdnh bilu cudc (the air cargo tariff - TACT).
* Quy tic tfnh cudc (TACT rules): Phdt hdnh 2 ldn trong 1 n5m thdnh quyln ddy.
* Gid cudc Van tai hdng khdng: phdt hndh 2 thdng 1 ldn, chia 2 khu vuc Bic My vd cdn lai.
2. Co sd tmh cudc vd cdc loai cudc: * Co sd tfnh cudc:
+ Dua vdo trong luong (ddi vdi hdng nang). + Dua vdo thi rich (ddi vdi hdng nhe)
- Gid cudc hdng bdch hda (General cargo rules GCR): dp dung van chuyln hdng bdch hda gifia 2 san bay md gifia 2 san bay dd khdng dp dung 1 loai cudc dac biet ndo. Trong luong tdi thilu d i tfnh cudc Id 45kg tfnh gii, giri cdng nhiiu hdng gid cdng ha.
- Gid cudc hdng dac biet (specilie commodity rules SCR): dp dung cho 1 sd mat hdng dac biet theo quy djnh cua cdc hang hdng khdng. Thdng thudng thdjp hem GCR muc dfch thu hut khdch hdng tan dung khd nang chuyen chd cua hdng khdng.
- Cudc phan loai hdng: (Class rules/ commodity classillication rules): th i hien bing sd % hdng bdch hda vd chd dp dung cho 1 sd mat hdng nha't dinh.
Vi du: Cudc ddng vat sdng = 150% GCR. Cudc hdng gid tri cao = 200% GCR Cudc hang sdch bdo, tap chf = 50% GCR
- Cudc dp dung cho moi mat hdng (freight all kinds - FAK) muc dfch don gian hda vifec tinh cudc: cdc hdng hda nhu nhau trong cung 1 Id hdng tfnh cudc nhu nhau. Cudc ndy khdng dp dung cho mdt sd' mat hdng: Ddng vat sdng, de hu hdng, gid tri cao.
- Cudc container van chuyln bing mdy bay thudng cd trong tdi nho. Cudc container thudng thdp hon cSc cudc thdng thudng.
- Cudc URD (URD rates) tmh theo don vi xe'p tren mdy bay.
Cdu 63: Dai ly hdng hda hdng khdng (air cargo agent)?
La trung gian gifia hai ben chu hdng vd hang hdng khdng: Cd hai loai dai ly hang h6a hdng khdng:
- Dai ly cua IATA (IATA cargo agent) Ld dad ly giao nhan do cSc thdnh vifen cua IATA thdng qua vd chip nhan 1dm dai ly cho hang, duoc quyln thay mat hang giai quye't m6t sd' cdng viSc. Tieu chuan de trd thanh dia ly cua IATA:
+ Cd kha nang phdt triln kinh doanh hdng hda hang khdng. 41
B ftp t e v t o t&j + Cd co sd vat chit, ky thuat n h it dinh, kho hing. + G5 d^i ngu nhan vifin c6 trinh dQ v i van tii hing khdng...
- Ngudi giao nhan van tii hin g khdng (air freight for warders) cd th i lk dai