- Report to higher
3) Thiri ky dien thfr
3.1.3. float dong kinh te, ian hoii, xa hoi ciia nguiii Hmfing a float d(ng kinh te
a. float d(ng kinh te
Phuong thuc canh tac va déi song kinh té lii cc sci quan trpng doi v6i vi(c hinh thanh mot so da(c diém tain ly cua ngucii Hmong. Tu duy san xuat cua nguc i Hméng cc ban mang tinh manh mun, tu cung, ½ cap. Nguoi Hmong ci cac tinh mien nui phia Bac, gan siin xuat voi nvong ray, san ban, song hoa chung v6i thién nhien, nui rting, cé cay song nui, nén san xuat con mang na)ng phuong thuc quiing canh, phan tan cap, ½ tuc. Hp chua quan tain nhiéu den vi(c san xuat mang tinh chat hang hoa, ma chu yéu san xuat de tiéu dung, hoa)c néu c6 trao dfii ciing ci muc do rat nhé .
Phuong thuc canh tac firm nuong ray truyén thong cfia dong bao Hmong chi phu hpp khi dien tich rfrng cfin nhiéu, phuong thfic nay hi(n nay dang gay ra hau qu:i tiéu cuc cho .. . cung nhu cho tai nguyén rfmg. Dong thcii dan téi tinh trang
hp buoc ph:ii du canh du cu tim vung dat mii vi viing dat truéc kia da bi thoai hoii nghiém trpng.
Chan nuoi kha phat trién é khu c ngvéi Hmong nhat la nu fii bfi, de, ngua. De la loat dai gia suc phii hpp cho phat trién fi vting nut d:i nén dupc nguéi Hméng nuoi kha nhiéu. Tuy nhien, siin pham chan nufi i van o dang ½ cung ½ cap, van it gi:i tri h:ing hoa.
Cac nghé truyén thong dupc dupc lam vao luc nong nhan. Dan do nan, liim do da ngira, do go, det vai, lam giay ban, rén duc mong cu, vii khi, s:in xuat gach ng6i la nhling nghé truyén thong kha phat trién va dat trinh do ky thua(t kh:i cao. Nghé thtl cfing phan tinh pham chat can cii, ch|u khé, chain chi, khéo léo, kién tri va da g6p phan quan trpng vao viec lam nen va gift gin ban sac van hoa cua nguéii Hmfing.
6 p
hu w‹. Cac dia phvong cé nhiéu nguéii Hmé ng di cv tu do dén Dcik Lak, Béo céo so I 7/ BC — DP II, ngav 05/7/2011 “ Vé tinh hinh dong bho Mong é Téy Nguyén ” chu Vu II ( Vu Mién Trung ver Tay Nguyén) - UUy ban Dan
Ngufii Hmfing chu yéu trao dfii hang hoa thong qua cac chp phién, 6 ngay hpp mot phien. Chc phién cling la nc i de glao l iiu ga)p gfi.
Trong san xuat, ngufii Hnifing it suy nghi dén viec ap dung tien bo khoa hpc ky thu a( t, siin xuat chu yéu theo kinh nghiem va dung cac cong cu truyén thong tho so.
b. Van héa, xa hoi
Ngucii Hmong cu trtt chu yéu fi vilng nui cao thuéng fi do cao tu 800 den 1500 in so vfii muc nvc›c bién. Dia hinh cu anh hu6ng sau sac den kién triic nha ci cua dan toc nay, chong lanh, gié nui, am ve mua dong, miit ve mua he, chong duoc ké gian, thu dti. Nha thu rig cé cé 3 gian 2 cfia, tua lung v:to nui, dupc xép da lain hiing rao xung quanh, bao gio cling ciing cé san gac de cat giii do dac, luong thuc.
Nguoi Hmong cu trtl theo l:ing gpi la “ giao” (jaol). Moi giao cé pham vi cu trti va dat dai l:inn an riéng. Moi giao thu6ng co nhiéu d6ng hp. Ngucii Hmfing “
nfii it tain nhiéu, khfing lam dut khoat khong nfi i truéc”, hp rat cor trpng tin nghia va tinh
. . . . -
cam cpng dong. Su giup do 'n nnhha auu
trong siin xuat vii doi song rat dupc coi trpng,
ké cii khi nguy hiém den tinh mang . Diéu nay duoc hinh thénh “ khi thién di lang thang suot chiéu dai cua dan t c”
Tuy nhien, ngu‹ i Hmong hay m}ac c:inn, tu ti bi kém coi so véi nhiéu toc ngufii khac khién hp cé xu hu6ng ngiiy cang khép kin, it giao luu.
•Quan h( gia dinh — d6ng hp
Tat ca nhfmg biéu hien sinh hoat van hoa va)t chat, tinh thén déu xoay quanh moi quan he gia dinh, quan h( dong hp va quan h( lang ban, trong dé quan trpng nhat phai ké den quan he dong hp. Dong hp - chi quan h( d6ng méu, dong vai tr6 lien két cac c:i nhan vcn cong dong cu th é, khé cha)t ché. Cfc thanh vien trong dong hp giup dci nhau rat tich circ va mang tinh tu giac cao.
Nguoi Hmong quan niém rang, cac d6ng hp cua minh sinh ra tti mot ong to. Moi quan h( hp gan da(c bi(t quan trpng. Quan h( dong hp ciia nguéi Hméng con c6 mpt da)c diém kha riéng, dé la cu ngu6i nao lén tufii hon “ thay ma)t trcii truéc” thi déu la anh chi.
Nguoi Hmfi ng rat coi trpng moi quan he gia dinh, gia dinh chinh la car noi hinh thanh va phat trién vén hoii truyén thong, béi va) y muon tim hiéu van hoa
Hmong can tim hiéu gia dinh nguc i Hmfing. Hp gpi gia dinh la “Chua Thénh”. Gom 2 kién: Gia dinh nhiéu the he; gia dinh 2 thé he. Gia dinh nguoi Hmong mang tinh phu qayén cao, nguc i dan ong dupc quy trpng.
Lich su ctia nguéi Hmong la lich sir din tranh bao ve sir truéng ton cua dan toc. Qua trinh dé, ngucii Hmong khong nhiing ph iii dau tranh véi cac the luc ap buc béc lpt ma cfin phai luon lufin thich nghi v6i su thay dfii moi tru6ng va diéu ki(n song: tu dong bang trung du lén mién nui cao chét vét, tu canh I:ic lua nuéc sang canh tac nuong ' dna vao thién nhien. Cuoc song ciia ngucii Hmong tuong doi khép kin, cach biet vfii xa hoi bén ngoai. Hoan canh lich su dé liim cho ngurii Hmong chi tin vao nhiing diéu gi thiét thuc, cq the, loi tu duy duy c:tin hinh thanh va phat trién.
Chuong 4
Di en tjy do ciia ngniri Hinting ii tinh Dék Lak giai doin 2006 — 2010 4.1. Tong quan ve tinh Dii k Liik7