- Th^nh phan hoa hgc va tmh khong thuan nhat: Chi kich thuoc vd tinh la chua du dl xac dinh
1.3.1.Cdc khdi m$m
Chdt sinh miin dich id chit khi dua vdo co the đng vat d dieu kien thich hgp cd khd nang gay đp iing mien dich.
Khang nguyen la chdt cd khd ndng hen ket vdi khdng huyet thanh đc hieụ Tat ca nhiing chdt sinh mien dich ^ u la khang nguyeiL
Khdng huyet thanh la cdc globulin cd trong huyet thanh cua đng vat cd khd ndng Uen ket đc hidu vdi khdng nguydn da kich thich smh ra nd.
Khdng huyet thanh dugc tim thay trong huyet thanh cua đng vat, do vay huyet thanh chiia khdng huylt thanh khdng khdng nguyen dugc ggi la khang huylt thanh.
1.3.2. Lieu lirgrng vd dudmg vdo cua khdng nguyen
Lieu lugng vd cdch dua khdng nguyen vdo ca the dnh hudng Idn đn kha ndng sinh khdng huyet thanh. Khi dua lieu qua it se khdng du kich thich đp iing miln dich, cdn qud nhieu cd the dan den tr^g thdi te lỉt mien dich. 6 tinh trang trdn ngdp khang nguydn sS khdng đp img mien dich. Khi dua lugng nhd khdng nguyen vdo co the se kich thich manh te bdo T, tao tri nhd mien djch vd din den dap iing miln djch. Nhung neu tiem nhdc lai thi dap iing mien dich cd the tang Idn, tao khd ndng miln dich cao vd ben viing.
Trong tv nhidn khang nguyen cd the vdo co thi qua nhilu dudng khde nhau nhu qua niem mac dudng hd hip, sinh due, qua dạ Ngudi ta cd the chii đng tiem khdng nguyen vdo trong da, dudi da, trong bawnps thit hay tinh mach, giiip khdng nguyen nhanh chdng tiep c$n vdi he thdng miln djch.
Khdng nguydn trong tu nhidn rdt da dang, khdng nguyen cd thd Id protein, polysaccarite, lipit, axit nucleic, vi khuAn vd khdng nguyen cd thi Id virut: khdng nguyen virut bao gdm khdng nguydn virut nguyen v?n hodc khdng nguyen mgt phdn hat virut. Khang nguyen virut nguyen ven cd khd ndng kich thich ca thi smh khdng huylt thanh trung hda vurut.
1.3.3. Cdc ti bdo tham gia vdo đp img mien dich tao khdng huyit thanh
T I bdo B tien thdn cua tl bdo Plasma; te bao T te bdo lympho bidt hda trong tuyen ire; te bdo T ho trg tl bdo B bi^t bdo thdnh tl bdo plasma sdn xuat khang huyet thanh; bach cau tiet ra interluekin tdc dyng kich thich hôt hda vd biet hdo te bdo lympho,.. tham gia vao dap iing mien dich. T I bdo lympho phdn tdn khdp co thi trong tudn hoan mdu vd bach huyet, cd 2 loai te bao lympho: lymphoB ggi tdt la te bdo B va lympho T ggi tdt la te bdo T. Dai thuc bdo Id tl bdo kich thudc Idn c6 khd ndng bdt giii, xir ly khdng nguyen cung nhu hgp tdc vdi tS bdo lympho de san xudt khdng huylt thanh d^c hi^ụ Te abof ndy bdt giu: vurut, tiet ra enzym phan huy nhu proteinaza va lyzosym dl tidu hda chiing, lam bgc 1$ quylt dinh khang nguyen ndm trong dai thuc bdọ Khdng
nguyen sau khi dugc xir if sd dugc dai thuc bao dur^ đ bat đu giai doan sudm ciia qua trinh tong
hgp khdng huylt thanh. Dai thuc bao đng vai trd tl bdo trinh dien khdng nguyen, dai thuc bdo day virut la ra be mdt, tao dilu kien cho khang nguyen tiep can te bdo T
1.3.4. Td chat, ngi^en ly tdc dung ciia td chat
Td chit Id chit phu gia khi trdn vdi khang i^uyen se tdng đp ung mien dich vdi khang nguyen đ. Khi gdn vdi td chit, khdng nguyen se bi phdn giai cham hon, phdng tliich dan đn trong CO the tucmg tir nhu tiem khang nguyen lieu nhd nhieu lan. Ta chat tang cuong đp ting mien dich bang cdch kich thich te bdo dai thuc bao lam nhiem vu thuc bdo hoac kich thich te bdo T va B. Td chat la nhung chat tra khd phan gidi nhu diu, paraphin, hydroxyt nhdm,..
Co chd cua td chdt: Ta chdt cd tdc dung gdy viem, kich thich qud trinh thuc bao giiip qua trinh đp iing mien djch xdy ra manh hon, Td chat hip thu khdng nguyen va thdi khang nguyen ra
tir tir tir ch5 tiem. Td ciiat cdn cd tac dung len te bdo lympho T hd trg. Td chit d ^ g nha nude trong
dau thi khdng nguyen ndm trong h^t nude trong dung dich đu se cd hieu lire tdt hon khi khang nguydn ndm t\r do trong nude d dang nhii dau trong nudẹ Cdc hat nhu cimg di chuyin tir chd tiem vdo h ^ h lympho vd đi khi cdn xa hem.
1.3.5. Ctr chi hinh thdnh khdng huyit thanh
Khdng nguyen dugc dua tdi mgi nai trong ca the nhd he mdu vd he bach huyet. Khang huyet thanh dugc tao thanh d cd lach vd hach lympho nhung khdng dugc tao thanh d gan. Nlu ta tidm khdng nguydn vdo tinh mach thi Idch Id nai tao nhilu khdng huylt thanh nhit, ngugc lai nlu ta tiSm dudi da, trong da hay mdng bung tin khdng huyet thanh se dugc tao thdnh nhilu trong hach lymphọ
Sau khi cd su xam nhap dau tien ciia khdng nguyen Id thdi ky tilm an. Liic ndy khdng thiy bit k^ khdng huylt thanh ndo xudt hidn trong maụ Sau do ndng dg khdng huylt thanh tdng din rdi 1^ gidm xuong. Phdn ung vdi chuSi tiem thii nhat ggi Id dap iing khang huydt thanh nguyen phat. Khi tiem khdng nguyen lan 2 nong dg khdng huyet thanh tang len nhanh chdng dat tdi 10-100 Idn cao hon lan thii nhat. S\r tang nhanh chdng ndng do khang huyet thanh dugc ggi la đp iing khang huyet thanh thii phdt. Ndng dg khdng huyet thanh giam dan theo thdi gian, nhung cdc Idn tiem sau
nita nd sS l$p 1^