T
he gi6'i ket thuc th�p nien dau tien cua the ky XXI bang m<)t slj ki�n d�c bi�t: h<)i nghi Copenhagen ve bien doi khi h�u duqc to chuc ram r<) chu'.a tung co v6'i ket qua ... dang that VQng! Cai "Realpolitik" ("chinh trj thtfc te") vi lqi ich tru'.oc mat cua cac quoc gia du6'ng nhli van con thang the tntoc cac moi hiem h9a toan cau. Tuy nhien, o binh di�n khac, h¢i nghi ay van mang tam voe ljch su, vi, du muon hay khong, no la m<)t dau hi�u xac nh�n cac d\i bao ly thuyet cua nhieu nha nghien cuu xa h<)i vao nhung nam giao tho'i giua hai thien nien ky:S\j chuyen bien khach quan CUa Cong CUQC hi?n dt;ii
hoa
thu nhat sang tho'i ky hi?n dt;ii hoa thu hai voi m<)t lot;1t cac khai ni�m moi me nhu'.: xii hpi-nguy c� xii hpi-the giai va
ne'n van hoa cong lwJn ... Co duly do de chung ta, khi don Xuan moi, thu tiep c�n voi h� van de m6'i me nay, hay, n6i dung hdn, tro l�i v6'i van de hifn d,;zi h6a, m9t chu de cua bao Xuan Thoi bao Kinh te Sai Gan each day hai nam.
148 • BUI VAN NAUON
nhang: h� thong ngay cang khong che va "thu9c dia hoa" the gioi CUQC song, cac dang phai va cac nh6m }Q'i ich thay cha cho nen clan chu tham dv, xa h9i ngay cang duQ'c quan ly tinh vi, vuQ't ra khoi nang Ive nam bat cua nhung nguoi cong clan. Va chinh xa h9i-nguy Cd - va cungvoi n6 laxa h¢i-the gioi toan cau h6a-vao dau the ky XXI lq.i la Cd may de tung buoc khoi pht;1c va phat trien nen van h6a cong lu�n dung nghia. Habermas to ra
,.,..,.
Habermas
lq.c quan ve trien v9ng hoi sinh CUa "khu yVC
cong c¢ng". Ong nhin thay trong tlio'ng lai ky nguyen moi cua m¢t � "c¢ng dong chinh tri"
Vl:iQ't ra khoi khuon -1
. !/ {��
kho cua cac c¢ng dong hq.n h�p dva tren Cd SO quoc gia, chung t¢c va sv dong nhat van h6a de tien tdi m9t cc)ng dong dtja tren nhung nguoi cong dan c6 nhung quyen hq.n va ngrua VlJ blnh dang duQ'c dam bao ve phap lu�t. Cc;,ng dong chinh tri mang tinh toan cau ay doi hoi m¢t nen van h6a cong lu�n tich eve, ndi d6 nhung van de thu9c ve lQ'i ich chung c6 the duQ'c thao lu�n m9t each cong khai va song phang, va sue m"1nh cua cong lu�n c6 the tac d¢ng hi�u qua den cac qua trinh lay quyet dinh.
150 • 801 YAN HAMSON
VAN HOA VA VAN HOA
CHfNHTRI
M9t la vua st:f dan chang hilt Hai la quan chang thilt gi dan Ba la dan chi bie't dan Mijc quan vai quoc, mijc than vai ai ...
T
h�t khong vui khi vao dip dau xuan l<).i nho den ba dieu "t� nhan" ( nguyen nhan cua slj toi t�) duqcC\J Phan B¢i Chau ke ra m¢t each thong thiet trong
Hai ngot;ii
huylt thu
( 1906) ve tinh tr<).ng tha h6a va "vo cam" cua quyen Ivea
nuoc ta vao dau the ky XX. Nhung, thiet tuong can nho den de tiep t1,1c tim hieu va suy nghi, vi mai den hdn nua theky
sau, m6i quan h� gifia h� thong chinh tri va nguoi cong dan moi thtjc stj dtiQ'C di sau nghien CUU nhli m9t van de he trQng CuaTRO CHUY(N TRlfT HOC + 159
"nhung t�p quan cua con tim" ( "the habits of the heart")
(Xem: Ne'n dan trj
My,
NXB Tri thuc).Thu thach Ion nhat cho vi�c xay dvng van hoa chinh trj la khi h� thong chinh trj ro'i vao hai thai cljc: d<)c tai chuyen che ho�c khung hoang quyen uy. Nhung, "bi�n chung mia mai" cua heh SU l.�i la: cai sau som mu9n se la h�u qua cua cai truoc. Nguy co' tan ra n9i Ive cua xa h<)i thudng danh thuc co' che tlj v� tlj nhien cua nhung nguoi
:::n ���::�6�; !����
r
I
'f¥
, .
1
canh tuy�t VQng. Co' may se den m9t khi nhung "cu diem" then chot co anh huong trljc tiep nhat den slj an toan CUa CUQC song nguoi dan (gia dinh, nha tru'dng, b�nh vi�n, toa an, canh sat ... ) duQ'c lanh m4nh hoa tru'oc het, lam cha dlja cho
cai each the che "tu duoi Ralph Nader
len". Do cung la kinh nghi�m cua nhieu nuoc Au chau trong cac thoi ky den toi nhat cua hQ.
Cac sach ljch SU thuong chi cho ta biet nhung slj
ki�n Heh SU "hoanh trang" ma it khi giup ta nho den vai
tro tien phong am tham cua nhung ngudi cong dan biet
dung thang lung khi can thiet. Chi sau ngudi ph\l nu
chiem gift m<)t nong tr4i o ngo4i 6 New York vao nam
1840 da giup mang l4i quyen bau cu cho ph1;1 nu. Chi m<)t
ph\l nu duy nhat la Rosa Parks da khong chju ngoi phia
TRO CHUY(N TRlfT HOC • 161
