II. Trợ động từ
UNIT 22: REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS (ĐỘNG TỪ CÓ QUY TẮC VÀ BẤT QUY TẮC)
(ĐỘNG TỪ CÓ QUY TẮC VÀ BẤT QUY TẮC) I. Động từ có quy tắc
Các động từ có quy tắc trong tiếng Anh được sử dụng ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc các dạng bị động (sẽ học ở những bài sau) thì đều có dạng chung là thêm đuôi “ed” vào đằng sau động từ đó. Ví dụ:
Động từ có quy tắc Thêm đuôi “ed”
Cry Work Stop Cook Pull Stay Want Look Prefer Cried Worked Stopped Cooked Pulled Stayed Wanted Looked Preferred II. Động từ bất quy tắc
Động từ bất quy tắc là những động từ khi chuyển sang dạng quá khứ hoặc quá khứ phân từ thì sẽ có những dạng riêng, khác nhau và không thêm đuôi “ed” như những động từ có quy tắc.
1. Động từ có V1 tận cùng là "ed" thì V2, V3 là "d"Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
feed (V1) → fed (V2) → fed (V3): nuôi dạy, cho ăn
bleed (V1) → bled (V2) → bled (V3): (làm) chảy máu
breed (V1) → bred (V2) → bred (V3): sinh, nuôi dạy
2. Động từ V1 có tận cùng là "ay" thì V2, V3 là "aid"Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
say (V1) → said (V2) → said (V3): nói
lay (V1) → laid (V2) → laid (V3) : đặt để
3. Động từ V1 có tận cùng là "d" thì V2, V3 là "t"Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
bend(V1) → bent (V2) → bent (V3): uốn cong
send(V1) → sent (V2) → sent (V3): gửi
4. Động từ V1 có tận cùng là "ow" thì V2 là "ew", V3 là "own"Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
Know (V1) → knew (V2) → known (V3): hiểu biết
Blow (V1) → blew (V2) → blown (V3): thổi
Grow (V1) → grew (V2) → grown (V3): mọc, trồng
Throw (V1) → threw (V2) → thrown (V3): liệng, ném, quăng
5. Động từ V1 có tận cùng là "ear" thì V2 là "ore", V3 là "orn"Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
bear (V1) → bore (V2) → born (V3): mang, chịu (sanh đẻ)
tear (V1) → tore (V2) → torn (V3): xé rách
Lưu ý: Động từ “Hear” là ngoại lệ:Hear (V1) → heard (V2) → heard (V3)
6. Động từ V1 có nguyên âm "i" thì V2 là "a", V3 là "u"Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
begin (V1) → began (V2) → begun (V3): bắt đầu
drink (V1) → drank (V2) → drunk (V3): uống
sing (V1) → sang (V2) → sung (V3): hát
sink (V1) → sank (V2) → sunk (V3): chìm
ring (V1) → rang (V2) → rung (V3): rung (chuông)
7. Động từ có V1 tận cùng là "m" hoặc "n" thì V2, V3 giống nhau và thêm "t"Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
Dream (V1) → dreamt (V2) → dreamt (V3): mơ, mơ mộng
Mean (V1) → meant (V2) → meant (V3): ý nghĩa, ý muốn nói
Learn (V1) → learnt (V2) → learnt (V3): học
Burn (V1) → burnt (V2) → burnt (V3): đốt cháy
III. Luyện tập
1. After I________ lunch, I looked for my bag.
A. having had B. had had C. have has D. have had 2. By the end of next year, George________ English for 2 years.
A. will have learned B. will learn C. has leaned D. would learn 3. The man got out of the car,_______ round to the back and opened the boot. A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk
4. He ________of becoming a pilot ever since he was a young boy.
A. dreaming B. has been dreaming C. was dreaming D. had been dreaming 5. I haven’t come________ any ideas for the gala dinner.
A. upon B. with C. up with D. into
6. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ________ dinner. A. finish B. will have finished C. will finish D. finishes
7. After World War I, Hollywood emerged ________the movie capital of the world. A. as B. such as C. alike D. as
8. Working too late at night may _________in fatigue. A. lead B. result C. consequent D. make 9. She's at her best when she________ big decisions.
A. is making B. makes C. had made D. will make 10. We________ next vacation in London.
A. spend B. are spending C. will be spend D. are going to spend 11. Robert________ tomorrow morning on the 10:30 train.
A. arrived B. is arriving C. has arrived D. would arrive 12. Mike________ one hour ago.
A. phoned B. was phoning C. had phoned D. has phoned
13. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I _____ to play. A. try B. tried C. have tried D. am trying
14. Since _______, I have heard nothing from him.
A. he had left B. he left C. he has left D. he was left 15. The police should take ______soon, or there will be a riot.
A. part in B. function C. action D. place
I’m going to tell you about someone who has influence my life in an important way. This person is actually my father. I am 20 years old so of course I have known him for 20 years as he’s my father. We still live together, along with my mother, my older brother and younger sister.
One of his best qualities is that he’s get a lot of drive and is ambitious, which means that he’s achieved a lot in his life. He started out working for a building company but he took it on himself to get professionally qualified. In the evening he started take classes to qualify as a surveyor. This took him many years but eventually he got there and started working for the same company as one of their surveyors. But he did really well as he eventually became a senior partner in the business, and then just a few years ago he sets up his own business with one of the other partners. So now he has his own company and they employ about fifteen other people. So I’m really proud of what he did with this. But he’s also very humble, another great quality. Even though he’s achieved so much he doesn’t brag or boasts about anything. He’s also quite laid back and doesn’t stress too much about life.
Exercise 3: Cho dạng đúng của các động từ trong ngoặc để tạo thành một bài IELTS Writing Task 1 hoàn chỉnh.
The graph below shows the pollution levels in London between 1600 and 2000. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The graph (1-show)_____________pollution levels in London between 1600 and 2000. It measures smoke and sulphur dioxide in micrograms per cubic metre. According to the information, the levels of both pollutants (2-form)_____________ a similar pattern during this period, but there were always higher levels of sulphur dioxide than smoke in the atmosphere.
In 1600, pollution levels (3-be)_____________ low, but over the next hundred years, the levels of sulphur dioxide rose to 700 micrograms per cubic metre, while the levels of smoke rose gradually to about 200 micrograms per cubic metre. Over the next two hundred years the levels of sulphur dioxide continued to increase, although there was some fluctuation in this trend. They (4-reach)_____________a peak in 1850. Smoke levels increased a little more sharply during this time and peaked in 1900 at about 500 micrograms. During the 20th century, the levels of both pollutants (5-fall)____________ dramatically, though there was a great deal of fluctuation within this fall.
Clearly air pollution was a bigger problem in London in the early 20th century than it is now.
ĐÁP ÁN Exercise 1 Exercise 1 1B 2A 3B 4B 5C 6D 7A 8B 9B 10D 11B 12A 13C 14B 15C Exercise 2 1. influence => influenced 2. get => got 3. take => taking 4. sets => set 5. boasts => boast Exercise 3 1. shows 2. formed 3. were 4. reached 5. fell