III. Give the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets:
Period 27: (cont)
Danh t? cung du?c dựng d? di?n d?t phộp so sỏnh ngang b?ng ho?c hon/kộm. Chỳ ý dựng tớnh t? b? nghia dỳng v?i danh t? d?m du?c ho?c khụng d?m du?c.
He earns as much money as his brother. They have as few classes as we.
Before payday, I have as little money as my brother.
I have more books than she.
February has fewer days than March.
Their job allows them less fredom than ours does.
Khi so sỏnh m?t ngu?i/ m?t v?t v?i t?t c? nh?ng ngu?i ho?c v?t khỏc ph?i thờm
He is smarter than anybody else in the class. Luu ý:
• é?ng sau as và than c?a cỏc m?nh d? so sỏnh cú th? lo?i b? ch? ng? n?u nú trựng h?p v?i ch? ng? th? nh?t, d?c bi?t là khi d?ng t? sau than và as ? d?ng b? d?ng. Lỳc này than và as cũn cú thờm ch?c nang c?a m?t d?i t? quan h? thay th?.
Their marriage was as stormy as had been expected (Incorrect: as it had been expected).
He worries more than was good for him. (Incorrect: than it/what was good for him).
• Cỏc tõn ng? cung cú th? b? lo?i b? sau cỏc d?ng t? ? m?nh d? sau THAN và AS:
Don’t lose your passport, as I did last year. (Incorrect: as I did it last year).
They sent more than I had ordered. (Incorrect: than I had ordered it).
She gets her meat from the same butcher as I go to. (Incorrect: as I go to him).
Phộp so sỏnh khụng h?p lý
Khi dựng cõu so sỏnh nờn nh? cỏc d?i tu?ng dựng d? so sỏnh ph?i tuong duong nhau: ngu?i v?i ngu?i, v?t v?i v?t. Cỏc l?i thu?ng m?c ph?i khi s? d?ng cõu so sỏnh khụng h?p lý du?c chia làm 3 lo?i: s? h?u cỏch, that of và those of.
S? h?u cỏch:
Incorrect: His drawings are as perfect as his instructor.
(Cõu này so sỏnh cỏc b?c tranh v?i ngu?i ch? d?n)
Correct: His drawings are as perfect as his instructor’ s . (instructor's = instructor's drawings)
Dựng thờm that of cho danh t? s? ớt:
Incorrect: The salary of a professor is higher than a secretary. (Cõu này so sỏnh salary v?i secretary)
Correct: The salary of a professor is higher than that of a secretary. (that of = the salary of)
Dựng thờm those of cho cỏc danh t? s? nhi?u:
Incorrect: The duties of a policeman are more dangerous than a teacher . (Cõu này so sỏnh duties v?i teacher)
Correct: Theduties of a policeman are more dangerous than those of a teacher (those of = the duties of)
Cỏc tớnh t? và phú t? d?c bi?t
M?t s? ớt tớnh t? và phú t? cú d?ng th?c so sỏnh d?c bi?t. Chỳng khụng theo cỏc quy t?c nờu trờn. Nghiờn c?u b?ng sau:
Tớnh t? ho?c tr?ng t? So sỏnh hon So sỏnh nh?t far farther further farthest furthest
little less least (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
much many more most good well better best bad badly worse worst
I feel much better today than I did last week. He has less time now than he had before. This magainze is better than that one. He acts worse now than ever before.
Luu ý: farther: dựng cho kho?ng cỏch; further: dựng cho thụng tin ho?c cỏc tru?ng h?p tr?u tu?ng khỏc.
The distance from your house to school is farther than that of mine. If you want further information, please call to the agent.
Next year he will come to the U.S for his further education.
So sỏnh b?i s?
So sỏnh b?i s? là so sỏnh: b?ng n?a (half), g?p dụi (twice), g?p ba (three times),...
Khụng du?c s? d?ng so sỏnh hon kộm mà s? d?ng so sỏnh b?ng, khi so sỏnh ph? i xỏc d?nh danh t? là d?m du?c hay khụng d?m du?c, vỡ d?ng tru?c chỳng cú
many/much
This encyclopedy costs twice as much as the other one. Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year.
At the clambake last week, Fred ate three times as many oysters as Bob. Cỏc l?i núi: twice that many/twice that much = g?p dụi ng?n ?y... ch? du?c dựng trong kh?u ng?, khụng du?c dựng trong van vi?t.
We have expected 80 people at that rally, but twice that many showned up. (twice as many as that number).
So sỏnh kộp
Là lo?i so sỏnh v?i c?u trỳc: Càng... càng... Cỏc Adj/Adv so sỏnh ph?i d?ng ? d?u cõu, tru?c chỳng ph?i cú The. Dựng m?t trong hai m?u cõu sau dõy d? so sỏnh kộp:
The + comparative + S + V + the + comparative + S + V
The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel. (Tr?i càng núng, tụi càng th?y khú ch?u)
The sooner you take your medicince, the better you will feel.
(Anh càng u?ng thu?c s?m bao nhiờu, anh càng c?m th?y d? ch?u b?y nhiờu)
The bigger they are, the faster they fall.
(Chỳng càng to bao nhiờu thỡ càng roi nhanh b?y nhiờu)
The more + S + V + the + comparative + S + V
The more you study, the smarter you will become. (Càng h?c, anh càng thụng minh hon)
The more I look into your eyes, the more I love you. (Càng nhỡn vào m?t em, anh càng yờu em hon)
Sau The more ? v? th? nh?t cú th? thờm that nhung khụng m?u cõu này khụng ph? bi?n.
The more (that) you study, the smarter you will become.
Trong tru?ng h?p n?u c? hai v? d?u cú ch? ng? gi? it is thỡ cú th? b? chỳng di The shorter (it is), the better (it is).
Ho?c n?u c? hai v? d?u dựng to bethỡ b? di
The closer to the Earth’s pole (is), the greater the gravitational force (is). Cỏc thành ng?: all the better (càng t?t hon), all the more (càng... hon), not... any the more... (ch?ng... hon... tớ nào), none the more... (ch?ng chỳt nào) dựng d? nh?n m?nh cho cỏc tớnh t? ho?c phú t? du?c dem ra so sỏnh. Nú ch? du?c dựng v?i cỏc tớnh t? tr?u tu?ng và dựng trong van núi:
Sunday mornings were nice. I enjoyed them all the more because Sue used to come round to breakfast.
He didn’t seem to be any the worse for his experience. He explained it all carefully, but I was still none the wiser. C?u trỳc này khụng dựng cho cỏc tớnh t? c? th?: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Those pills have made him all the slimmer. (SAI)
C?u trỳc No sooner... than (V?a m?i ... thỡ dĩ...)
Ch? dựng cho th?i quỏ kh? và th?i hi?n t?i, khụng dựng cho th?i tuong lai. No sooner d?ng ? d?u m?t m?nh d?, theo sau nú là m?t tr? d?ng t? d?o lờn tru?c ch? ng? d? nh?n m?nh, than d?ng ? d?u m?nh d? cũn l?i:
No sooner + auxiliary + S + V + than + S + V
No sooner had we started out for California than it started to rain. M?t vớ d? ? th?i hi?n t?i (will du?c l?y sang dựng cho hi?n t?i)
No sooner will he arrive than he will want to leave.
Luu ý: No longer cú nghia là not anymore. Khụng dựng c?u trỳc not longer cho cỏc cõu cú ý nghia khụng cũn ... n?a.
He no longer studies at the university.
(He does not study at the university anymore.)
S + no longer + Positive Verb
So sỏnh hon kộm khụng dựng than (gi?a 2 d?i tu?ng):
Khi so sỏnh hon kộm gi?a 2 ngu?i ho?c 2 v?t mà khụng dựng than, mu?n núi d?i tu?ng nào dú là t?t hon, gi?i hon, d?p hon,... thỡ tru?c adj và adv so sỏnh ph?i cú
the. Chỳ ý phõn bi?t tru?ng h?p này v?i tru?ng h?p so sỏnh b?c nh?t du?i dõy (khi cú 3 d?i tu?ng tr? lờn). Trong cõu thu?ng cú c?m t? of the two + noun, nú cú th? d?ng d?u ho?c cu?i cõu.
Harvey is the smarter of the two boys. Of the two shirts, this one is the prettier. Pealse give me the smaller of the two cakes. Of the two books, this one is the more interesting.
So sỏnh b?c nh?t (t? 3 d?i tu?ng tr? lờn)
Dựng khi so sỏnh 3 ngu?i ho?c 3 v?t tr? lờn, m?t trong s? dú là uu vi?t nh?t so v?i cỏc d?i tu?ng cũn l?i v? m?t m?t nào dú. é? bi?n tớnh t? và phú t? thành d?ng so sỏnh b?c nh?t, ỏp d?ng quy t?c sau:
• é?i v?i tớnh t? và phú t? ng?n: thờm duụi -est.
• é?i v?i tớnh t? và phú t? dài: dựng most ho?c least.
• Tru?c tớnh t? ho?c phú t? so sỏnh ph?i cú the.
• Dựng gi?i t? in v?i danh t? s? ớt d?m du?c.
John is the tallest boy in the family.
Deana is the shortest of the three sisters. These shoes are the least expensive of all. Of the three shirts, this one is the prettiest.
Sau thành ng? One of the + so sỏnh b?c nh?t + noun ph?i d?m b?o ch?c ch?n r? ng noun ph?i là s? nhi?u, và d?ng t? ph?i chia ? s? ớt.
One of the greatest tennis players in the world is Johnson. Kuwait is one of the biggest oil producers in the world.
• Cỏc phú t? thu?ng khụng cú cỏc h?u t? -er ho?c –est. Chỳng du?c chuy?n sang d?ng so sỏnh tuong d?i b?ng cỏch thờm more ho?c less; sang d?ng so sỏnh tuy?t d?i b?ng cỏch thờm most ho?c least phớa tru?c chỳng.
Sal drove more cautiously than Bob.
Joe dances more gracefully than his partner. That child behaves most carelessly of all.
• M?t s? cỏc tớnh t? ho?c phú t? mang tớnh tuy?t d?i thỡ khụng du?c dựng so sỏnh b?c nh?t, h?n ch? dựng so sỏnh hon kộm, n?u bu?c ph?i dựng thỡ b? more, chỳng g?m: unique/ extreme/ perfect/ supreme/ top/
absolute/prime/ primary
Preparing Date : Teaching Date: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});