- May dao gau thu~ thich hgp kh6i dao cao hon m?tbdng may dUng va nang sudt cao.
2. Tinh na~g suit eila may san:
4.4. MAY flAM flAT
4.4.1. Ph~nla~i
a. Theo khiI nling di chuy8n: May dfun t\lh3nh, may dfun khong t\i"h3nh b. Theo cAu410 dfun: dfun b3nh thep, dfun chan ciru, dfun banh l6p. c. Dfun d(\ng h(}c: Dfun rai.
d. Dfun chAn d(\ng: Dfun rung. 4.4.2 May dam Ian ep b;\ng hre tinh
dAm banh tMp, dAm banh lap, dAmvalu
1.May dAm banh tMp (dAm lang mtit nhin) (Hinh 4-22)
May dfun lang m~t nh~ dugc dimg ph6 bi~n va co hi~u qua d8 dfun len m~t duimg da dam, duimg nh\la va dfun m~t n~n xay d\lllg cac dIng trinh nha cira v.v ... Lo~i dfun nay it sir d\l11gd€ dfun cac cong trinh de, ~p dAt vi: B~ m~t 16'p dAt d~p sau khi dfun d€ tru
th3nh nhful m~t lam cho l6'p dAt d~p ti~p theo kho dinh k~t vm 16'p dum, chi~u sau 3nh hUOng d~n S\l dfun ch~t nho (l5+25cm). M~c khac, tbc d(\ dfun ch~, it co d(\ng, nling suAt iMp.
Hlnh4-22: caut~odfunlllnphling
l-Khung ddm, 2- Tr6ng ddm, 3- Lucrin(lOm(i!ddm, 4- Tr\lc ddm, 5- Vi! di8u chinh lucrin(lo.
2. May dAm viu (dAm chan de, ciro): (Hinh 4-23)
Dfun chan ciru la lo~i may dfun dimg thich hgp cho vi~c dfun n~n dAt do co nhUng un di8m sau:
- Chi~u sau 3nh hUOng IOn do ap suAt nen ~p trung vao cac du chan ciru (IOn hon so vm dfun banh hai).
- cAu t(lOdon gian, gia th3nh cit reo . - Nang suAt cao, chAt lugng dfun len t6t.
- N~n d~p g6m nhi~u l6'p dfun len rieng bi~t ch6ng len nhau nhung vfuI dam bao dugc S\l d6ng nhAt, d(l len ch(ic.
Nhung no ciing co nhUng nhugc di8m sau: - V~ chuy8n kho khan.
- Chi thich hgp vm lo(li dAt deo co d(\ fun dugc quy dinh ch~t chS. - Tkg duai n~n dfun len ch~c nhung tkg tren b~ m~t khong cMt. - H~ s6 can di chuy€n IOn nen suc keo doi hoi IOn.
Vi v~y dfun chuan Clru dUng d~ dfun lim OOiing cong triOO doi hOi chdt Im;mg cao, chiu ap Igc ngang It'm, kh6i lugng diip It'm va dQ fun duQ'cquy diOOch~t chi:.
Cdu 410 cua dfun chan Clru OOusau:
@
Hlnh4.23: DAmchan Clru(chan de)
lv'd'. au am; . rong am; . ua gla trQng;.2T' d' 3C" 4Kh ung am;.d' 5N"d'01 am va may... ca sa;
6. Cabin di~u khi8n .
Cac vdu chan Clru co nhieu hiOOdang khac OOautuy theo d6i tugng lam viec, va ch~ dQ lam viec mQt chieu hay hai chieu cua may, thOng thuOng nguoi ta sir d\lIlg vdu chan Clru hOl).tdQng ca hai chieu, d6i vm lol).inay thi m~t dQ vdu chan Clru la (20+25) vdu/m2 va duQ'Cx~p theo ki~u ban colech, dum day la mQt s610l).ivdu chan Clru (Hioo 4.24).
Hlnh4.24:vAuchan Clru(chan de) .~uU nh\flfC d.lem cual • d'am vau:•
Uu di~m:
Cae vdu dfun lam giam dien tich ti~p xuc giua baoo dfun va n~n nen img sudt tae d\lIlg len nen It'm, tang duQ'c chieu sau dfun.
Cac lOp ddt dfun d~ dang co sg dioo k~t vai OOau,chdt lugng dfun cao. NhlfQ'c di~m:
Do be m~t banh dfun co vdu nen v* di chuy~n may kho khan, khi chuy~n sang cong trinh khae phili dUng xe tili, ramooe d~ v~ ehuy~n. Cac vdu ciim vao n~n lam tang 19c can di ehuy~n nen suc keo may phai It'm.
LOp ddt tren eUng hUtnuac ml).llhkhi g(ip rm mua, lam eh~ qua trinh dAm ddt, lam eho cae phuang tien khae di chuy~n kho khan han. Khi cAn b~ m~t phiing va nhfuI phili sir
3. May dim Ian banb lap: (Hinb 4-25) I
Hlnh 4-25 DAm Urn bimh 16p
I.DAukeo; 2. Thimg ehAttili; 3. Khung thung; 4. Bimh eong tile
May dfun banh hoi bl) eong tac eiIa no la cae banh l6p. Cae banh nay duge Hip thilnh ml)t hang ho~e hai hang tren ml)t trve ho~e hai tT\1e.ThUng xe d~ chUa ddt, da ho~e phien gang, be tong due sfuI V.v. co th~ ~t vao va Idy ra d~ dang d~ di~u ehinh Ive dfun. Sir d\lIlg dfun banh 16p co uu di~m la thieh (mg vm mQi 10\Uddt, do tang giam 4~ge trQng lugng va ap sudt hoi trong banh l6p. Chdt lugng dfun t6t, v~ ehuy~n d~ dang, th$ ti~n. Chi~u sau ilnh huemg den sv dfun eh~t d\lt tir 40+45em. May dfun banh 16p co 2 10\li: khong tv hilnh va tv hilnh.
4.4.3. May dam b£ng lire rung
Dfun Ian rung, dfun ban rung 1. Dfun Ian rung:
Trong eong ngh~ thi eong hi~n d\li, dfun rung duge sir d\lIlg ph6 bien d~ dfun nen . n~n mong lful b~ m~t eong trinh. So vai dfun tinh, dfun rung eho ehi~u sau anh huemg lem hon hful, chUng thieh hgp vai cae 10\liddt a cat, a set, cae 10\li v~t li~u co tinh ehdt h\lt nhu da dam, soi, be tong asphalt...
Cdu t\lOva qua trinh hO\lt dl)ng eiIa may dfun rung nhu sau: dfun rung thu<mg duge cdu t\lO tir hai phfuJ ehinh: phfuJ dAu keo va bl) eong tae. PhfuJ dAu keo thu<mg mang ngu6n dl)ng Ive ehinh dUng eho ea may. BI) eong tae lien ket vai phfuJ dAu keo bfulg kh6p xoay dong vai tro la kh6p ehuy~n huemg. May hi~n d\li ngay nay sir d\lIlg bl) truy~n dl)ng thiIy Ive, dl)ng C<J d~t 6 phfuJ dAu keo dung d~ dful dl)ng bam dAu, tir day dAu eao ap duge dful den lam quay cae dl)ng co thiIy Ive eiIa bl) gay rung va bl) ph~ ehuy~n huemg.
a. Dim banb tbep: co hai 10\Utv hilnh va khong tv hilnh
Dfun banh thep duge dUng ph6 bien va co hi~u qua d~ dfun len m~t du<mg da dam, du<mg nhva va dfun m~t n~n xay dvng cae eong trinh nha eira V.V.. .L0\U dfun nay it dung. d~ dfun cae eong trinh de, d~p ddt vi: B~ m(it lap ddt d~p sau khi dfun d~ tr6 thilnh nhfuI m(it lam eho 16p ddt dAp tiep theo kho dinh ket vm 16p duai, ehi~u sau ilnh huemg den sv dfun eh~t nho(l5+25em). M~e khae, t6e dl) dfun eh~, it co dl)ng, nang sudt thdp. .
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\
...s \"
\.,
.. j ,Hlnh4-26.May dAmIan rung Hlnh4-26.May dAmIan rung
I.DAukeo; 2.Blinh 16peM d<,\ng;3.Kh6'pchuy~n hucrng;4.Banh cong me; 5.Khung b<,\gay rung; 6.D<,\ngco gay rung
b. Dim banb lap: co bai lo(lit\lhilnh va khong t\l hilnh
~ ~ ~
Hlnh4-27:May blinh 16p(chuyen dAmm\\t duimg) 2. Dim bim rung
Hinh 4-28: May dAm ban rung
I.D8 dAm;
2.B<,\gay rung vo hucrng; 3.Truy~n d<,\ngdai; 4.D<,\ngco d6t trong; 5.Binh nhien Ii~u; 6.CAndi~u khi~n; 7.LiJxo giam chan; 8.BI,)gay rung co hucrng May db rung liun vi~c nhiYl\lc rung, 10(lidb nay sir d\lng co hi~u qua dbi vai dftt co kich thuac h(lt khac nhau va l\lc lien k8t nho. Vi v~y no thich hgp nhftt dbi vOi dftt cat, a cat, da dam nho, soi. Con dftt dinh va kho nhu dftt set thi dung may db rung khong thich hgp. May db rung cohai 10(li:t\l hilnh nhiY dQng co di chuy8n ho\\c nhiY l\lc can dinh
huOOg va 10\li khong t\l' hanh. a 10\li khong t\l' hanh, may chi rung dl)ng thufuI tuy, may mu6n di chuy€n phai nha dAu keo ho(ic ngum dAy.
Khisir d\ffig cac lo\li may dAm nay thi dl) Am cua dAt d6i hOi phai 100 han khi sir d\lllg cac lo\li dAm tinh va dl)ng khoang til 10+ 12%.
BI) ph~ chinh Clla may dAm la ban dAm, dao dl)ng cua ban dAm do bl) ph~ banh I~ch tam t\lOra. Khi thay d6i vi tri cua bQ ph~ gay rung so vm ban dAm se xuAt hi~n thanh phdn nfun ngang cua l\I'c Q lam cho may co th€ di chuy€n theo huOOg Clla thanh phdn l\I'c . nay.
Dl)ng co d(it tren vo che duqc cach Iy vm ban dAm bfulg 16 xo ho(ic d~m cao su ..Nha bl) truyen chuy€n dl)ng quay cho bl) gay rung d(it tren bim rung.
D€ dieu khl€n may dAm dung tay dAy gful tren vo dAm va ciing duqc cach Iy voi ban
dAm bfulg bl) giam chAn. .
Ngum ta dii k~t hqp giil'a phuong phap rung va tinh hQc d€ ch~ tIIo ra cac lo\li may dAm rung t\I' hanh cho nang suAt va chAt luqng thi cong rAt cao .
---D'--~ ..I -, " ." \ s '. f/ Q I~,I ... Hlnh 4-29. May ddm ddm rung
I.DAukeo; 2.Banh 16p ehu d(\ng; 3.Kh6'p ehuy8n huang; 4.Banh eong tile; 5.Khung b(\ gay rung; 6.D(\ng co gay rung