I. Loi s~tcua nam chiimdi~n; 2 LO xo; 3.Thanh SQC;
G6m h~ thang thanh dful hu6ng cho dAu biJa trong qua trinh dong CQC,thanh gifuJg xien, thanh gifuJg ngang Thanh gifuJg ngang co th~ dieu chinh goc nghieng ciJa gia bUa
xien, thanh gifuJg ngang. Thanh gifuJg ngang co th~ dieu chinh goc nghieng ciJa gia bUa (ve phia truac hay phia sau) khi cfuI dong CQCxien, d~ dieu chinh thi ta dung tang do ho(ic xilanh thuy l\fc.
Hinh 7.1: SO'd6 cAu
t(lO chung may dong
C\lC I. Xa dinh. 2. Thap. 3. QuabUa. 4. Cap nang. 5. Ngu6n dQng \lC. 6. dn!r\lc. 7. Thanh giu 8. CQc 6"" \ 1
Thong d\lllg la cac may dong CQCdi chuy~n bAng xfch va di chuy~n tren ray.
May dong CQClam vi~c mn song bi~n thuimg xuyen dug<: Hip mn salan co suc cM d~n 500T d~ dam bao may dUQc 6n diOOkhi dong CQC.Tmimg hqp dong CQCi:J vimg song bib khong thuimg xuyen, co the dimg cac may dong CQCthOng d\lllg rbi I~p tren h~ th6ng phao n6i de thi congo
May dong CQCchuyen dung thuimg co gia thanh may coo, d~giam chi phi dAu tu may ngum ta con ch~ may dong CQCkhong chuyen dimg til nhiing lo\U may khac OOucdn tIvc tv' hanh banh xlch, may xilc m(\t gau banh xlch ho~c may keo banh xlch. May dong CQCdi chuyen bAngxlch co un diem la thoi gian chudn bi dong CQCrdt OOaOO. - 7.2.2. Cdu tlJO chung cua glan bUa
Hlnh7-2: So db cAu41-0 chung may d6ngcQc I. Xadinh. 2. Thap. 3. QuabUa. 4. Cap nang. 5. Ngubn dQngh,rc. 6.cAnIr\lc. 7. Thanh giu 8. CQc *Biu bua
La b(\ ph~ bVc ti~ gay ra hlC de dong CQC.Khi dong CQC,qua bUa thuimg d~t tIV'C ti~p tren dAu cQC de ~o l\lc xung klch ooin CQCxu6ng nen. Hi~n nay co cac 10<lidAu bila:bila mi, bUa diesel, bUa rung, bila thuy l\lc, bUa hoi nuac ...
- Bila mi: k~t cdu dan gilin. Thuimg la m(\t v~t n~g dUQcnang len d~n m(\t d(\ cao OOdtdiOOnao do r6i tha xu6ng d~ dong CQC.LO<linay co nang sudt thdp, chi dimg de dong CQCthil congo
- Bila hoi nuac: d~c diem la tdn s6 va d~p de dong CQCcao (200+300 co the d~n 500 IAn/ph) CQCkhong bi vO. Nhung OOuQ'Cdiem la thi~t bi kem theo c6ng keoo nen it duQ'c dung.
- Bua rung, bUa diesel, bua thuy l\lc: diiy la OOiing 10<lico OOieu.un di~m: k~t cdu 000 gQn, CO'd(\ng, hO<ltd(\ng d(\c I~p ma hi~u qua dong CQCcao. Vi v~y chUng duQ'c su
7.2.3. Bua diesel
1. ciu t\lo: Nguyen Iy lam vi~c cua bUa diesel Iii d\l'a tren nguyen Iy lam vi~c cila d('mg ca d6t trong 2 ky.
2. Phan 10\li:
Hi~n nay sird\lIlg cM y~u 3 lo(li bila dong CQCsau:
.:. Bua dong CQCDiezel 10\li hai cQt dfut: Lo(li nay hi~n nay con duQ'c dimg nhi€u. Xilanh lam nhi~m V\I dAu bila, no chuy~n dQng len xu6ng theo hai cQt dfut hu6ng, t6c dQ dong til (50+60)ldnJphUt.
.:. Bua dong CQCDiezello(li xilanh dfut: Lo(li nay xilanh lam nhi~m V\l dAu bila t6c dQ dong thuimg til (60+80) IdnJphUt.
.:. Bua dong CQCDiezel 10\li 6ng dfut: Lo\li nay piston lam nhi~mv\l dAu bUa, co
t6c dQ dong CQCtil(50+60)ldnJphUt. .
Trong ba 10\litren, lo(li 6ng dfut co un di€m han vi: C~u tilo dan gian, khong cAn voi phun rna chi cAn bam ap l\I'c th~p, di€u ki~n d6t chay t6t, h6n hQ'Pchay sau khi d6t duQ'c thai ra tuang d6i s\lch, kich thuac dAu bUa
nh6 gQn so vm hai lo(li tren.
c;2 2 1 3 3 a; ~\ oJ) 2 1 3 Hinh7-3: Cac 10l;lid~u bUaDiesel
a. Bua dongCQCDiezel 10l;lihai cQt ddn
b. Bua dongCQCDiezellol;li xilanh ddn c. Bua dongCQCDiezellol;li bng dfut
Bua dong CQCDiezel 10\li 6ng ddn (hinh 7.2c): LO\li nay piston lam nhi~m V\I dAu
bUa, co t6c dQ dong CQCtil (50+60)ldnJphut. .
Trongba 10\li tren, lo(li 6ng dfut co un di€m han vi: C~u tilo dan gian, khong cAn voi phun rna chi cAn bam ap l\I'c th~p, di€u ki~n d6t chay t6t, h6n hQ'Pchay sau khi dbt dugc thai ra tuang d6i s\lch, kich thuac dAu bua nh6 gQn so vai hai 10\litren.
a) Boa dong cqc diesello\li ang d~n:
Lo(li nay dugc sir d\lIlg ph6 bi~n nhilt. T6c di) dong CQC(50+60) IdnJphUt.
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3. So'do cau t\lo .:. Nguyen Iylam vi~c
Piston dugc nang len qua con rna, khong khi se qua Cal: 16 lua vao bu6ng xilanh, khi len h~t hanh trinh, piston dugc t\l' di)ng tach ra kh6i con rna va rai t¥ do. Tren duimg rai, no tac di)ng vao don bam nhien li~u lam nhien li~u dugc phun vao phAn 10m du cua b~ bUa voi ap su~t khoang (1,5+2) kG/cm2 d6ng thiri khong khi trong xilanh
86 6
7Hinh 7.4: DAubUadongCQCDiesello<Iidng diln Hinh 7.4: DAubUadongCQCDiesello<Iidng diln
1: B~ bUa 2: Khoang nucrchim mat
3: Xi lanh 4: L6 thoat khi 5: Khoang chua dAu
6:Qua bila (piston)
7: CO'cAumoc keo nang qua bUa(con rna). ,
8: CO'cau bO'mdau
11k fillY bi mln den ap suftt va nhi~t dl) cao. Tl,li diem chet dum, ddu 16i cila piston ~p vao phdn 10m cila de bUa 410 xung l\I'c dong CQC,cimg hic do do nang IUQIlg va d~p, nhien li~u bi bful tung toe dum d~g smmg mu, g~p khong khi iJ ap suftt va nhi~t dl) cao t\l' bBc chay, gian niJ d~y piston len cao va 410 xung l\I'c dong CQC.Khi 16 thoat khl m6 ra, khl chay trong xilanh dugc thoat ra ngoili. Khi piston het da no Il,lit\f rm xuBng de tiep t\lC th\l'c hi~nchu kytiep theo. C(r nhu v~y qim bila se lam vi~c cho den khi thoi cAp nhien li~u chono.
7.2.4. Bua rung
Nguyen Iy chlm CQCkhl dong bfulg bUa rung
Bua rung d~t tren dinh CQCva truyen l\I'c rung dl)ng cho CQC,CQCdao dl)ng se lam giam l\I'c rna sat giiia CQCva n6n. .
1.Phan lo~i:
Co 3 10(libUa rung: bUa rung nBi cii'ng, bUa rung nBi m6m va bila rung - va d~p (bua va rung).