4 TANG TRUING PHI CAN BANG
4.1. TINH PHI CAN BANG CUA THI TRUONG LAO ONG VA TIEN LUONG: Sti TAI HO MO HiNH TAN CO DIEN
LUONG: Sti TAI HO MO HiNH TAN CO DIEN
Trong mO hinh tang truang tan c6 dien, khi lung tu ban tinh theo ddu ngt.r6i khzic voi gia tri ma gia tri nay dieu chinh tY le tang tru6ng bao dam va ty le tang tru'Ong tu nhien), thi no se clan clan to di6u chinh den gid tri can bang thOng qua tich luy tu ban. Nhu chung to cla chi ra, viec dieu chinh nay gia thie't bao ham mot su Nen thien A cUa auk phan phoi thu nhap, c6 nghia la tinh linh dOng cila muc luong thuc tra se dap Ling tut thi su tien tri6n tu'o'ng Ling cUa nang suit lao Ong. Trong qud trinh dieu chinh, n6n kinh to van clay dp viec lam, viec thay the tdc nhan tu ban bai tdc nhan lao Ong cho phep thu6ng xuyen dieu chinh s6 lugng viec lam theo lacing dan s6 trong do tu6i lao Ong hien c6. Ngtroc lai, mO hinh Ito [1980] dim ra tinh tong nhdc trong viec dieu chinh attic Wong thyt. Thi tru6ng hang hod van luOn luOn can bang (dau to duoc xac dinh b6i ti& kiem, do vay cau luOn Ong nhdt voi cung hang hod); nguoc lai, do tinh cung nhdc cUa mac luong thuc w, thi truOng lao dQng c6 kha nang xay ra su mat can bang.
Thyt vay, theo gia tri ban dau dm mat do tu ban (lacing vein hay lacing to ban tIng voi tong so dan trong c10 tu6i lao dOng hien c6 hieu la k) va cua mac Wong thuc tra, nen kinh to c6 the duoc bie't den theo ba cite dO sau:
• Che de thdt nghiep c6 dien. • Che do du thira viec lam.
• Che dO xa hOi dU cong an viec lam.
Nen kinh to se day dU cOng an viec lam khi mat luung thin w duoc di6u chinh theo gia tri tu ban tren dfiu ngubi. Di61.1 nay cho phep bao ham tong cung lao d6ng: claCcng cong k (o) trong hinh 4.1. Dung cong nay se tang tru'O'ng ne'u mdc lung thuc tang thi can phai thay the tac nhan tu ban b6i tdc nhan lao Ong, do vay se lam tang khoi luong tien to tu ban nham dam bac, mot xa hOi day dU cOng an viec lam. Khi mac lung thuc tang len cao horn so voi gia tri tai au nay thi dung cau lao Ong cUa cac doanh
co*
B
Tien luong thuc to co
Dieing cong cldy du viec lam
k k( co)
nghiep se tra nen qua yeu va )(ay ra hien tuong that nghiep (that nghiep c6 dien bii vi tien lacing thuc to phai tra qua cao). Nguoc lai, neu mac luong thuc thap hon gia tri t6i au nay .thi doing cau lao Ong cila cac doanh nghiep se cao hon dung cung lao Ong va nen kinh to 6 trong tinh irking du thira viec lam.
Viii mot t5/ le tiet ki'em cho truic, se ton tai mot gia tri t6i au ma tai do Wing tier' to tu ban dam bao cho mot qua trinh tang truing can bang. Do la gia tri t6i uu kh6i luong tu ban k*. Gia tri nay se lam 6'7 le tang truing to nhien can bang viii t5T le tang truing bao dam. De' su tang
truing can bang nay ang viii mot xa hOi day du viec lam thi mac luong thuc w* can phai duoc dieu chinh theo kh6i luong to ban k* tren cluing cong dU viec lam (diem E trong hinh 4.1).
Lugng to ban theo clau ngtred k Hinh 4.1. Ba the dO va su tien trien ctia nen kinh to
Ding thai cUa tien lacing thuc to rat don gian: no hoan toan 6n Binh trong met xa hOi du viec lam, no se giarn trong met xa hOi cc') hien Wong that nghiep c6 didn va se tang trong mot xa hOi du thira viec lam (theo
mid ten hinh 4.1). Nguoc lai, dOng thai cua viec tich luy tu ban phirc tap hon rat nhieu. Trong mat xd hai du viec lam hoac du thira viec lam, thi s6
luong viec lam se bi han the bed cung lao dOng va tang twang tu ban phu
thuOc duy nhat vao gia tri ban &du cUa lugng tu ban tren dau ngued (hinh 4.2a). Neu luong tu ban tren dau ngued cao hon gia tri k*(tuong ung \Jai
tang truang can bang theo tY le tier kiem s cho tru6c), thi Wong tu ban se
tang voi t6c do cham hon so voi cung lao Ong va nhu vay kh6i luong tu
ban se giam. Nguoc lai no se tang neu k nh6 hon gia tri k*.
Trong the dO that nghiep c6 dien, s6 luong tong viec it hon cung lao dOng va tIch luy" tu ban phu thuOc kh6ng chi vao kh6i lacing tu ban dang sir dung k ma con phu thuOc vao kh6i lugng tu ban tai uu dugc ket
hgp voi mdc luong thuc tra k( w). Do vay, tY le tang twang tu ban la mot
ham phi tang truang cUa tien luong thuc duoc tra (hinh 4.2b).
a) b)
Ty Ie tang twang Ty Ie tang twang
A •
Tji le tang tru&ng tu ban Tji le tang truCcng tu ban
k* Luang tu ban theo dAu nguai Tien luting thtrc to w
Hinh 4.2. Tinh chit dOng ciia loon Wen to tir bin
theo din ngttoi
a) X5 hOi du viec lam hoac du thira viec lam; b) That nghiep Nen kink to o ky dai han luOn co khuynh huang twang tai su tang twang can bang du viec lam (diem E tren hinh 4.2). Nhung nhu to da chi
ra hinh 4.1, qua trinh dieu chinh se luOn tkr san sinh voi nhimg d6i thay cua the (10 kinh to khdc nhau.