lam hai nguoi benh, that qua hoang duong!
Ten phu thuy quay nguoi lai:
^ - Ni^m chii de duoi ma, khu ta, b^nh tat se khoi! 185 185
- Ong khong thay nguoi benh da ngat xiu a?
- X e m ra anh biet chua benh? The t h i toi x i n t h i n h giao: Phai chua the nao?
- Rat gian don. Cam mau, l a m sach vet thuong, roi keo nan c h i n h cho ch5 xuong gay t r o v e vi t r i cu cua no!
Cau tra loi cua Hipocrates l a m ten p h u t h u y phai cam mieng. N a n n h a n da duoc Hipocrates c u u chua va l a m t i n h lai bang each chua tri c h i n h xac do.
Phuong phap chua t r i benh n h a n gay xuong cua Hipocrates cho toi nay van duoc xem la hop khoa hoc; ve
sau gioi y hoc da dSt ten cho p h u o n g phap do la "phuang
phdp keo ndn chinh Hipocrates" de ky n i e m ve ong.
Hipocrates d u n g cam dau t r a n h voi quan n i e m me m u o i ve benh tat khien the luc t o n giao hdc a m coi ong la ke t h i i , khoac cho ong cai ten "ke p h a n nghich dang sg", khien n h u n g nguoi c h i u su k i e m toa cua t o n giao, khong p h a n biet duoc that, gia deu sg hai, t r a n h xa ong. Ngay nguoi thieu n u vua d i n h h o n voi ong cung nghe loi khuyen ciia cha roi bo ong!
M o t so nguoi tot bung khuyen ong phuc tong the luc ton giao, dung doi lap voi l u p h u thuy de tranh lam vao hoan canh b i o ep, buc bach. Song ong khang khai Ua loi:
- L u i lai hay n h u g n g bo deu khong phai la t i n h each cua toi!
186
Y due cao t h u g n g
M o t su viec khien Hipocrates v6 ciing p h a n uat, nghi ggi. M o t h o m ong toi m o t t h o n trang 6 gan Athens t h i lay ba nguoi dan ong, nguoi 6 m dua tre, nguoi m u c uoc gieng len, nguoi d u n g khSn t h a m nuoc de gioi len nguoi dua tre, m a h o m do troi rat lanh. Ong toi h o i t h i hg tra loi la m o t thay thuoc bao h g l a m the de ha sot cho duabeO).
- Khong on! L a m the c h i l a m cho dua be 6 m nSng hon! M a u de toi chua tri cho no!
Hipocrates 6 m lay dua tre, dua vao n o i k i n gio, d u n g khan t a m con xoa xat khdp tir chi, m i n h may cho dua be, roi cho u o n g thuoc ha sot, sau do bao ba nguoi d i n duong, dua dua be ve nha. M o t lat sau, dua tre ra m o h6i, ha sot.
Khi Hipocrates ra ve t h i nguoi thay thuoc bay each gioi nuoc gieng vao dua be dang so't cung d a n h l u i t h u i ra khoi nha diia be. Hipocrates h o i 6ng ta:
- Le nao t r i sot m a ong cung khong biet? Vi sao lai bao h g l a m vay?
- T6i, t6i... - Nguoi thay thuoc do ap ling, roi i m lang. Hipocrates buc tuc, h o i d o n :
- O n g n o i d i , v i sao lai l a m cai viec h a m h a i con n g u o i ta?
- Kh6ng kh6ng, t 6 i k h 6 n g d i n h h a m hai nguoi! N o i
thuc la chi m u o n l a m benh dua tre nang b a n m o t cbut roi se chiia k h o i de diroc tra cho m o n tien Ion thoi!
- That dang ho then! - Hipocrates p h i n no, quat len. - Tvr nay ve sau, toi khong d a m lam n h u vay nua! - Nguoi thay thuoc do the boi, roi voi va l u i di duong khac.
Ve t o i nha m a Hipocrates van d d m trong t r a m t u . Ong nghi, chua k h o i b e n h cho nguoi phai can toi y thuat cao m i n h , n h u n g m o t thay thuoc c6 duoc y thuat cao m i n h lai khong c6 dao due cao t h u a n g t h i cung chdng
the bet long vi nguoi benh. Neu khong ng&n each n h u n g
ke doi bai h a n h nghe y t h i t i n h m a n g nguoi benh kho be d a m bao! The la ong bat tay k h o i thao quy p h a m dao due m a nguoi thay thuoc phai t u a n t h u , n h u phai dat quyen loi nguoi b e n h len tren bet, phai n g h i e m tiic t u a n t h u chuc trach cua nguoi thay thuoc, kien quyet khong n h a n dut lot, quyet khong duoc bat b i nguoi benh, v.v...
Quy p h a m dao due do c h i n h la "Lai the Hipocrates" n o i tieng, k h o n g c h i cac thay thuoc a cac nuoc p h u o n g Tay tuan t h u , m a con la ca so de Hiep h o i Y hoc the gioi
che d i n h ra quy tac dao due y v u quoc te ngay nay.
Hipocrates suot d o i m i n h da la mSu m u c trong thuc
h i e n "Lai the Hipocrates" 66.
Vao n a m 431 tr.Cn, toan thanh Athens b i ngap trong m o t nan dich. Nguoi mdc dich thoat dau b i sot cao, mat do ngau, roi hong xam den lai, mieng rat hoi, tai i j , t a m than thang thot, va t h u a n g chi trong vong 8 ngay la chet!
188
I
So nguoi b i chet dich rat nhieu, gay chan dong toan thanh. p a n chung l u lugt bo Athens ra di de m o n g thoat n h i ^ m
Ijdich... Khi do, Hipocrates lam ngu y cho mot quoc vuong
d phia Bac Athens. Sau k h i biet t i n ve n a n dich, ong da x i n
tir chuc n g u y, tiic tdc t r a ve Athens de vira chua t r i cho nguoi benh, vua t i m can nguyen va each phong dich, chang quan ngai la chinh m i n h cung c6 the b i nhifim dich. |Cu6i C l i n g thi ong phat hien ra m o t gia d i n h t h a ren khong
*ai nhi§m dich, t u do hieu ra la liia c6 the la each de phong
nan dich nay, ben kien nghi cho dot n h u n g dong lua khdp noi trong thanh Athens de dap nan dich. Sau thanh cong nay cua ong, m o i nguoi ban tan rang trong ong c6 "sue m a n h cua than l i n h " khien ong m o i c6 the c u u duoc bao |nhieu nguoi chi con song ngdc ngoai, t h i ong dap lai:
- Toi khong phai la than, cung c h i n g c6 t h a n luc gi dau! Toi chi tan tuy l a m chuc trach cua m o t thay thuoc. Yeu cau cac thay thuoc t u a n theo quy p h a m y due t h i t o i phai dau tien thuc hien. Luang t a m va chuc trach phai ; quyen l a m m o t a nguoi thay thuoc.
Q u a d o i k h i dang h a n h nghe y
% Hipocrates tir k h i lap c h i theo nghe y da suot doi song m o t cuoc doi tan tuy, vat va vi nguoi benh, vi y hoc. Ong
khong CO lay m o t nha 6 c6 dinh, m a dau can la ong toi va
f n o i do la nha cua ong. Sau k h i cha me qua doi, ong
khong CO lay m o t nguoi ho hang than thuoc, n h u n g ong
xem m 6 i nguoi benh deu la nguoi t h a n cua ong. Bao nhieu n a m bon ba, bet long vi nguoi benh, nghien ciru
y hoc, khien ong tieu tuy, gay guoc, gia nua qua som, mang trong minh bao benh tat chong chat. Vao mot buoi trua mua dong nSm 397 tr.Cn, khi vira tron 63 tuoi, ong bi nga chui dau xuong va khong bao gia guong day duoc nua, boi kiet siic sau hai dem thiic rong de ciiu song mot san phu!
Hipocrates qua doi qua dot ngot n h u vay khien moi nguai a thanh Athens deu bang hoang xuc dong. Ho deu xuong duong dua tang va khoc thuong tiec nguoi thay
thuoc tai gioi, v6 cung dang kinh cua ho, dii ngay dua
tang ong la mot ngay dong v6 cung lanh gia!
M o i nguoi se mai mai ghi nho cau danh ngon ong
thuong noi luc sinh thoi: "Doi ngaai ngdn ngui, khoa hoc
mai mai trudng ton!"
190
MUCLUC
I Trang
Ldi noi dau 5 Vua Tu DCrc - Tarn guong hieu hoc 7
Nguyen Quan Nho - quan trang vdt beo 11 06 Ly Khiem va Do Oanh - Thanh tai tCr quan nude cua nfie 15
Nguyen Hien - Trang nguyen tre tudi nhat nude Nam 18 Le Thanh Tong-Trong ddicanh con doc sach" 24 Luong The Vinh - Hoc ma choi
Vu Due - Cong em hoc 16m
Nguyen Thuc - Ngi/di hoc tro ngheo phai di phu Hoang Sam - Quyet chi hoc de lay vp dep Nguyen Ky - Hoc nhdctra Phat
L§QuyD6n-Taihpcdocngangm6tdcri 54
Cao Ba Quat - Kien tri luyen chO 62 Nguyen Khuyen d6t la de doc sach 63 Ooan TCr Quang - Tarn mi/oi hai tudi van di thi
Ly Bach - Hoc mai sat thanh kirn
Khdng Tif - Hoc khong biet chan, day kh6ng bi^t m#t , 83
To Tan dui minh doc sach 84
Virong Hien Chi 87 Khdng TLTvacac hoc tro 90 06 Phu - doc hon van quydn sach, ha but nhu c6 than 93
06Phu(khacg6TrungQu6cTKXVII) 96
Galileo Galilei - Nha vat If vTdai \U6 ki XVII 98
Andersen - Vi^t truyen cd tich bang nhung giac mo 124
Archimedes-Nha vat lyvTdai then CO 128
Tagore va v6ng tron phan 147 William Beebe - Ngucn chinh phuc bien s^u 150
Marie Curie - Con mot sach 172 Hipoaates - "Ong td": cua ngh^ Y 176
74 81