M~ng hr6i duang trong TP duqc phan b6 theo d~ng hu6ng tam g6m 12
tfl;lc chinh theo cac hu6ng Dong Bae-Tay Nam va Tay Bae-Dong Nam. Chi6u dai lu6i duang b<? do TP quan ly khoang 1.644 km, trong d6 duang be tong nhl!a chiem 67%, duang nhl!a thuang chiem 28,15 %, duang cap ph6i chiem 4,58% va duang da dam chiem 0,27% [56]. M~t d<? chi6u dai duang b<? d~t
0,783 km/km2 va 0,302km/1000 dan. Trong nhfrng nam gan day do di6u ki¢n kinh te tang kha, nen muc v6n danh cho nganh giao thong v~n tai tang len dang ke. Theo th6ng ke ban dau ngu6n v6n ngan sach TP va qu~n huy¢n 1996-1998 vao khoang 700 ty d6ng duqc dau tu cho xay dl!Ilg m6i, ma rqng va nang cap si'.ra chfra cac tuyen duang chiem ty 1¢ 13,27% trong t6ng v6n dau tu xay dl!Ilg ca ban. Rieng nam 1998 dau tu cho giao thong gan 300 ty, nam 2002 la 1.128 ty, day la m<?t n6 ll!c rat 16n ciia TP. Tuy nhien, chi s6 m~t d<? chi6u dai duang b<? km/I 000 dan hi¢n nay la kha thap so v6i tieu chuftn (lkm/lOOOdan) [67] nen giao thong do thi v~n chiu m<?t ap ll!c 16n, thuang xuyen bi ach tac va gay 0 nhiem moi truang.
ve ben bai: cac ben xe khach lien tinh duqc phan b6 a cac ci'.ra ng6 ra vao TP, d6 la ben xe Mien Dong, Mien Tay ,Tan blnh-Tay ninh, Chq 16n, can giu<?c va H6c mon, c6 di¢n tich 18, 18 ha. Cac ben xe tai con thieu so v6i nhu cau, chua c6 quy ho~ch dau tu Cl;! the, TP c6 2 bai ~u xe cli chfuh la H6c Mon
(l ,6ha) va An L~c (2ha) v6i sue chua khoang 2.000 xe tai cac lo~i /ngay dem. ve h¢ th6ng thoat nu6c: c6 khoang 1200km kenh r~ch, tuyen c6ng thoat
nuac tu cap 2 den cap 4 khoang 931 km duang c6ng, gan 200 ci'.ra xa tren di¢n tfch lanh th6 khoang 650km2 can phai phl;IC Vl;l thoat nu6c. M~t d<? m~ng lu6i blnh quan la 0,143m/ha. Chat luqng c6ng rat kem do xay dl!Ilg tu lau, hay bi
tac nghen, van d~ t6n tC;J.i nghiem tr9ng nhat hi~n nay la ung ng~p, c6 khoang ,28% dan sob! anh hu6ng thuang xuyen do b! ng~p trong cac mua mua.
Ve nhu du phat trien: doi v6i duang sa, d!nh hu6ng den nam 2010 chi tieu m?t d(> phai dC;J.t lkm/1000 dan a khu vvc trung tam TP; 0,5km/1000dan d6i vm cac quan m6i va ngoC;J.i th_anh. Doi v6i h~ thong thoat nu6c phai giai quyet t6ng luqn.g nu6c thai ctv bao vao nam 2005 gan 1,4 tri~u m3/ngay dem. Doi v6i ben bai, cai tC;J.O nang cap cac ben xe khach, xay dl!Ilg m6i 5 ben xe tai
a Thu due, Qu~n 7, Nha be, Blnh chanh, Go vap.
? ? ? ~
2.2.2.ANH HlfdNG CUA CS HTKT DEN XMTC:
2.2.2.i.TAc DONG DEN s6 LlfQNG XMTC:
Sv gia tang ve CS HTKT ( duang sa, ben bai, h~ thong thoat nu6c) tac d(>ng rat 16n den so luqng XMTC. Nen kinh te TP HCM ngay cang phat trien, CS HTKT ngay cang gia tang, tat yeu phai tang so luqng ve XMTC de dap ung phl;IC Vl;1 cho cac nhu cau nay. Vi dl;l neu gia tang lm2 loC;J.i duang be tong nhva, thl khoi luqn.g thi cong tang (ph~ l~c 3 ):
Bang 2-2: Khoi luqng thi cong tang khi tang 1 m2 duang be tong nhl!a
Loai XMTC Khoi luqn.g thi c6ng So XMTC SU d1:Jng/gia tang (m2
) tang (xe/gio)
Xe lu 8,5 tan 6 0,003
Xe lu rung 15 tan 40 0,012
Xe lu banh lop 16 tan 52 0,013
Xe ui -···. 3 0,001
Xe san 11 0,005
Xe xuc 0,97 m3
0,012
2.2.2.2.TAC DONG DEN CHUNG LOAI XMTC:
Duang sa, ben bai, h~ thong thoat nu6c c6 nhieu loC;li khac nhau, de dap ling yeu cau phat trien nay, thl vi~c ch9n lva XMTC thfch hqp la yeu to het sue quan tn;mg de tang hi~u qua khai thac.
I
Vf d\l khi dao ranh d?t duang ong, muang mang nho, nguai ta chc;m may xuc gftu ngh!ch c6 dung tfch gftu q=0,15; 0,25; 0,35 ho?c 0,50m3
• Khi
khoi luqng dat dao 16n thl dung lo~i may xuc(dao) c6dung tfch gftu 16n:
Bang 2-3: Phan lo~i gftu may xuc(dao) theo khoi ltrqng dtft.
Dung tfch gftu q (m3) Khoi luqng khai thac dat (m3)
Tai 0,25 Khoang 5 .000
Tai 0,50 Khoang 20.000
Tai 1,00 Khoang 30.000 - 60.000
Tai 2,00 Khoang 60.000-100.000
Khi aftu tu xay dvng duang be tong nht!a, thl XMTC toi thieu cftn thiet phai c6 la xe dao, xuc, san, ui, lu banh thep, banh lop, lu rung va xe rai tham. Do v~y, khi phat trien CS HTKT, tuy vao yeu cftu cua ttrng lo~i dt! an dftu tu ma ch9n chung lo~i XMTC thfch hqp.