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2.1.Tha Viet Nam giai doan 1900-
Budc vao till ky 20, cu till la nhiing tiiip nien diu till ky, tiio Viet Nam dudng nhu dang lam vao mdt thdi ky b l tic.
Tho vin dugc dang tai nhilu tren Nam Phong tap chi, Phu nic Tdn vdn. An Nam tap chi... nhung dudng nhu nd chi la mdt tiidi quen "ii tiii" eiia ngudi
Viet, hoae la mdt thii trang siic chilu ldng mot sd ddc gia. Neu nhu d ITnh vuc van xudi, nhihig nhan vat quan trong nhu Nguyln Van VTnh, Pham Quynh td ra rit sdt sing vdi cdng cudc cai cich vin chuong (Pham Quynh cdn tan tinh day bao ngudi ta cich "lam tilu thuyet") thi d ITnh vuc tho ca ro rang la cd sir thd a.
Dilu nay ciing dl dang cIt nghTa bdi tilu thuylt ddi vdi chiing ta liic dd la cdn rit mdi me. Hudng vl tilu thuyet, cae nha tien phong hy vong la cd till bd sung, lam giau vdn lilng van hoc nude nha, cai thien, thay ddi thi hieu thudng thiic ehi quen vdi mdt mdn chii luc ciia ngudi Viet Nam. Cdn diing trudc tho la dung trudc mdt chilu day truyin thdng 10 the ky phit trien.
Cae tie gia tho giai doan nay vin la nhung ngudi xuit than tir Han hoc, chiu anh hudng nang nl cua tiiam thiie Nho gia. Ttr Han hoc budc sang qudc van, vdn lieng ma ho mang tiieo la nhimg bai hoc nhap mdn, nhung kilu miu ciia tho Dudng, tho Ndm... Cho nen du da cd gIng, cae nha tho giai doan nay ciing ehi la ciu ndi giiia hai till he, dao nhiing ban dan ehu ye'u la vdi nhirng "hinh xua anh eii".
Ben canh ddng tiiO cua cae chi sT cich mang liy tiiO ca lam cdng cu tuyen truyin nhiing tu tudng tien bd dugc luu hanh mdt each bi mat hoae nira cdng khai nhu tiio cua nhdm Ddng Kinh nghTa tiiuc, cua Phan Bdi Chau, ciia Huynh Thiie Khang, tiiO eiia tie tic gia tieu bilu cho giai doan nay nhu Doan Nhu Khue, Ddng Hd, Tuong Phd, Tran Tuam Khai, Tin Da... dugc dang tai
Phu nUTdn vdn... Ngoai mdt sd tie gia ten mdi, dao qua mdt vdng cimg cae
tap chi, sach bao ndi tren, ngudi nhin tiiiy tho dang tran lan, tham chi la day dac, tiing cdt, tiing trang nhung chung qui vin la tho thii tac, hieu hy: tho chiic tho, tho cam on, tho vinh canh chilu hdm, ban sang, tho day nhan tinh thi thai, tho "dl con cdc, cay cau", thd than ddi "van ciu tang thuong" v.v... va khdng loai trii ca tho "com-mang" tin tung Id lilu: "Ngudi tdt Nam Phong truyin anh hudng - Cdng to quan cu gin ml day" (!) Cam tudng chung ciia ngudi doc la mdt su tn tre, mdn sao: ndi den tinh thi "tinh nha ng nude"; ndi de'n canh thi "nude chay hoa trdi"... Cau tho da khdng cd dugc cai sang trong trang nha cua Ba Huyen Thanh Quan, cai siu ling, man ma cua Xuan Huong, cai tinh te tham thuy cua Nguyln Khuyen... ma la cd tao ve trang trong mdt each khd khan, ldi tho vira sao vira nhat: neu la "cam tic till sir" thi phai la:
"Lan ldi cdng danh mau mdi gdi
Ganh gong viec nude ehdng ehdn vai" (Btii Thi My) Vinh canh mua tiiu It phai cd:
"Lac die san ngd la rung diy
Tiet he qua khdi tilt tiiu sang" (Doan Nhu Nam)
va ngay ca tam sir "Thang Long hoai c6" tiii vin liy ldi le cua ngudi xua nhung chlng tao dugc hiit huong sle nao:
"Biet bao hung phi bao ddi dd
Miy do tang thuong mot ehdn nay" v.v va v.v...
Nhin chung, neu tiiO ciia nhdm Ddng Kinh nghTa tiiuc va tieu bilu la Phan Boi Chau nhu "A te A", "Hgp quin", "Chieu hdn nude" thudng ehi chii trong din gia tri truyin ba nhiing tu tudng ma coi nhe gia tri nghe thuat, coi nhe su ham siic va dieu luyen cua cau tho thi ngoai Tan Da, Trin Tuin Khai, tiio cua cae tie gia nhu Tuong Phd, Ddng Hd, Doan Nhu Khue... va hiu het tiio dang bao, tap ehi diu roi vao nhung tu tudng, xuc cam ldi thdi, vao ldi diln ta sao rdng va ude le...
Ve de tai, cae nha tho vin di tiieo nhirng ldi mdn eiia tho ca co dien. Cam xiic dua tren nhiing hien tugng van vat binh tiiudng va ngudi viet cung
khdng thoat khdi pham vi tiidng tiiudng dl dl cap nhihig vin dl mdi me siu
sic hon cua thdi dai. Quanh di quin lai vin la Hoi Xuan, Vdn nguyet, Nguyet ddp, Thu cam, Thu hoai, Nhd nhd, Dem, Dem khdng ngu, Tu trao, Tu thuat. Cam tdc, De dnh, Nhd ban, Khdc ban, Thu cho ban, Mimg ban ddng nghiep, Ddi ngudi, Viing ngudi, Budn v.v... (Tho tren Nam Phong tap ehi nam 1925).
Nlu cd dua vao eii tiiudng nhat tiii nd ciing qui u la nhd nhat nhu tiio viet vl cai ddng hd bao thiic, cai ddm diem, cii guong, hat mua... Ddi khi diing trudc mdt hien tugng, mdt sir viec, cam xiic cua ngudi vilt lai nglt ra tiianh timg bai tiio nhd: Khdc me khi chit, Khdc me khi nhip quan, Khdc me khi ha huyet; Dua hoc trd di thi, Mimg hoc trd tiii dd. An ui hoe trd thi hdng v.v...
Ldi cam xiic va nhiing dl tai iy lai di cimg vdi mot he thd'ng ngon ttr cu
ky, ngheo nan va mdn sao: Nhdn gian, non nude, nao niing, ddi dau, bdng tuyet, trdn ai, bi ai, phong trdn, chi Nguyet, chi Hdng, guang Nga, cung cam, tri dm, lenh denh, ly hgp, phong suang, thien cung, bui hong, be hoan, cung ddn, menh bac, ndi niem, con tao ghet ghen, con tao xoay vdn, chiee bdch giiia ddng, beo dat may trdi, kie'p phii sinh, long son, le chan, phong lieu v.v...
va v.v... Them vao dd, cic nha tho vin cdn sinh dimg diln cd va chii Han trong tho. Ldi diln dat, vi vay sa vao udc le, sao rdng. Chlng han ciing ndi ve tam trang budn nhung qua nhiing hinh thiic diln ta, so sanh, lien tudng the nao dd ma cudi cting vin rit chung chung mo hd va don dieu: "Menh mdng bl tham voi rdi ngap - Nghieng ngiia hoc siu Ilc lai ddng" (T.H.L - Nam Phong 1925), "Tang hai Idp trao ddn mai mai - Co kim tie'ng khdc ving lau lau" (N.V.N - Nam Phong 1925), "Keu siu tieng nhan hoi suong lanh - Nudt tui chang Ngan giot le sa" (D.N.N - Nam Phong 1925), "Tram tiiuong nghin nhd hai hang le - Mudi tam ddi muoi mot kiep ngudi" (T.B.H - Nam Phong 1925), "Bl bao nhieu nude bao nhieu tiiam - Lip chlng day cho tat chlng voi" (Doan Nhu Khue - Mdt tim ldng), "Biic khan hdng tam ta giot chau - Gdi khan cdn ngan le sau tdi nay" (Tuong Phd - Giot le tiiu)... Viec van dung cae the tho cang lam cho tinh hmh trd nen nang nl hon. Chu yeu vin la cic the tho Han nhu Thit ngdn, Tii tuyet, Luc, Phii... va mot vai till tiio Ndm nhu Luc bat,
Song thit luc bat, hat ndi... Tdm lai la tir ndi dung cam hung, dl tai den hinh thiic, phuong tien bilu hien diu qui ldi thdi. Dilu dd phan inh su bit luc ciia ca mdt thi he nha tho. Muc dich, khat vong sing tao khdng ed nhiing dinh hudng, khdng chmh phuc dugc ddc gia. Tmh thin yeu nude chi edn gdi gon lai trong hai chii "non nude" va mdt tinh cam "nhd mong ai oin rit mo hd". Nhung xiic cam ci nhan vl nhiing van dl khic ciia cudc sdng bi 11 giao phong kiln rang budc nen khdng cd dilu kien boc Id va phat triin. Da den liic phai tao ndi luc mdi cho tho. Cae nha tho phai tim each thoat ra khdi sir gia tao, rang budc cua ldi tho cii, phai md rdng cam hiing, ddn vao tho nhiing tu tudng va cam xiic mdi. Ddi hdi chinh ding dd cua nghe tiiuit, the he nay da khdng lam trdn sii menh. Cang ngay, ho cang liii din vl phia sau va nhudng tiii dan cho thi he 1932-1945 bdi khdng dip ling dugc nhu ciu thudng thirc va tinh cim ciia cae ting Idp cdng chiing rdng rai, nhit la Idp tre.
Tuy nhien, nhu da ndi d tren trong khoang 30 nam dau the ky dd da dl lai mdt sd ten tudi: Doan Nhu Khue, Ddng Hd, Tuong Phd, ding chii y hon la Trin Tuin Khai va dac biet hon ca la Tan Da. Di vao nhiing tic tie eiia cae tic gia nay, ehiing ta se cd mot hinh dung diy du vl dien mao tho ca ciia mot giai
doan va nhung budc chuyen ddng quan trong de tien tdi cdng cudc hien dai
hoi cua phong trao Tho mdi 1932 - 1945.
Doan Nhu Khue: Doan Nhu Khue la tie gia cua Mot tdm long xuit ban
1917. Tap tiiO duge Pham Quynh chao mimg nhu mot diu hieu tdt ciia nIn
van qudc ngii mdi dugc khai truong. Da sd cae bai trong Mot tdm long diu tiiudc loai tiiti ling, hieu hy nhu Mimg ban mdi cudi vg, Mimg mot bd tiet phu, Thay ldi ban khdc vg, Khdc ban thdn. Cam hiing tiio gd bd, hdi hgt va khach
sao. The tho thi du loai: Dudng luat, ed phong, luc bat, song that luc bat, phong dao... Cau tha gugng gao, nhilu liic chip ndi vung vl: "cd dau deo nhiing kim cuong - Rd rang gii diic nha vang chlng ngoa"... (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Theo danh gia ciia Vu Ngoc Phan (va ca Pham Quynh ve sau) tap tha chi
tiieo till Dudng luat trudng tiiien tii cii lien hoan (tit ca ed 7 khd) dl giai bay tu tudng y i m thi, coi cudc ddi la b l khd, kilp ngudi la trdi ndi phii du:
"Bl tham mdng menh sdng lut gidi, Khach trin cheo mot la tiiuyln choi, Thuyin ai ngugc gid ai xudi gid, Coi lai cimg trong b l tham thdi Coi lai ciing trong b l tham thdi Ndi chim chim ndi biit bao ngudi Kiep ngudi nghT cimg lenh denh qua. Qua canh beo tren mat nude trdi".
Ca ldi va y diu dip dinh, man mac budn. Vii Ngoe Phan kit luan: "Doan Nhu Khue la mot thi sT ed tu tudng chin ddi nen chi nhiing cau tiio budn cua dng la
hay". Pham Quynh edn khen qui ldi: "mdt bai Be thdm du vdt lai nhiing
khie'm khuyet toan tap"...
Nhilu bai tho khic trong tip cung hoa chung vdi dieu budn dd cua ca thdi dai:
"Nude chay chay tiieo ddi giot le Nha xa xa cich miy ngan dau Sdng Thuong sue nhd dem mua gid Ke ngugc ngudi xudi mot chuyen tau"
(Choi Viet Tri nhd ban) Hoae: "Dinh niii bo vo dan nhan lac
Tudng ddng lop ddp hat mua mau... Nam canh mdt ngon den xanh nglt Them giat minh cho tran gid lau"
(Gidi thu nhd nha)
Nhiing tii ngii "nude chay", "giot le", "ngan dau", "dem mua gid", "dan nhan lac", "hat mua mau", "den xanh nglt", "tran gid lau"... cho thay vdn tir ciia tac gia la qua han hep va cu ky. Ldi diln dat edn qua ne ed, chiu anh hudng nang
ne cua Dudng luat... "Mdt tim ldng" tiiuc sir khdng ddng gdp gi nhilu nhung la tap tiio duy nhit cua Doan Nhu Khue.
Tuong Phd: Tuong Phd la tac gia cua Giot le thu dang tren Nam Phong 7 - 1928. Kl ttr khi Gigt le thu ra ddi, ngudi ta mdi bit diu chii y den cii ten
Tuong Phd. Thuc ra day khdng phai la mdt bai tiio ma mot bai ky su, tiiinh tiioang dilm vao vai ba cau tiio. Mai den 1930, ba mdi cd mot khiic ngam bang tiio mang ten "Tai tieu siu ngim" (Nam Phong sd 147), va mot nam sau dang tiiem mot khue niia cd ten: "Khiic tiiu han" (Nam Phong sd 164). Sd lugng tie phim cd till goi la it di, song Tuong Phd la mot cii ten khdng bi quen lang khi nhlc den tiio ca giai doan nay. Tho Tuong Phd la hien than cho nhiing tinh cam mang man sle lang man vdi "tinh siu", "canh tham" va nhiing ndi budn chung cua ca mdt Idp ngudi ben canh ndi nilm rieng tu cua than phan goa bua:
"Trdi thu im dam mot mau Gid thu hiu hit tiiem riu ldng em
Tring thu bdng nga ben thim, Tinh thu ai dl duyen em be bang"
Tam trang rieng dd cua ba qui da md dugc ldi di vao long ngudi. Nhung rat khd dl ndi ring Tuong Phd ed nhiing ddng gdp dac sle vl nghe thuat cho tha ca giai doan nay. Vl mat tinh cam, ba khdng dam phieu luu de thoa nguyen nhiing khao khat ca nhan. VI tho ca, ba chua vugt qua duge sir chi phdi nang nl cua khuynh hudng eo dien. Tho ba cdn nhilu vet tich gd bd va sao:
"Vde mai giy vo tuyet suong Tim tiiu chile bach canh budm bo vo
E de budi gid chilu mua. Con cdi me goa dl nhd nuong diu"
Ca "Tai tieu siu ngam" va "Khiic thu han" diu cd cimg mot giong reo rit dd. Cd khac chang la neu "Tai tieu siu ngam" la ndi siu khi tie gia di buoc niia edn "Khue tiiu han" la mdi han Idng khi tai gia ma khdng ed hanh phiic, vin ludn thuong tile ngudi ehdng qui cd:
"Lang may nude biet dau nhin gui, Khoang dit trdi dl mai nhd tiiuong. Vi chang chin khiic doan trudng
Vl chang tram mdi siu vuong thing ngay".
Mdi ldi, mdi y trong tho Tuong Phd diu ggi nhd vl "Chinh phu ngam", "Ai tu vin", Phan Trin va thim ehi la ca Tan Da:
"Kl tir do phong trin lac budc Mudi lam nam mat nude einh beo".
Dilu dang ghi nhan d Tuong Phd la cai dieu tiio tron tru, hoat bat, ba vay mugn nhilu nhung lai khdng td ra vung vl, chip ndi.
Ddng Ho: Ddng Hd la mdt guong mat tieu bilu cua "Nam Phong tap
chi". Nam 1932, dng cho xuit ban tap Tha Ddng Hd.
Sinh trudng d Nam Ky nhung Ddng Hd lai tu khudn minh theo tham thiic van chuong xii Bic. Chinh vi vay ma tho dng cd phong do c6 kinh va trang nha. Rit it ed diu tich ciia thd ngoi Nam Bd. O nhiing bai "hoa canh thic tinh", tho Ddng Ho phang phit khi vi Dudng thi my ldi tho kem ham sue va cd dong.
Bach Van tham diu eii Ngudi Bach Van da ving Ngudi Bach Van chlng tiiiy Hdi da da khdng ndi (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Nhin da Idng ngo ngan Kim c6 mau reu phu Ngan cay con gid thoang Nghe kinh Idng tuc sach Trin gian hay cue lac Ngudi nay tinh cam iy
Bach thap nhd ngudi xua Dong Bach thap cdn tro Chin Bach Van phat pho Hdi may may lam ngo Trdng may da thin thd Tang tiiuong bdng nhat md Cira ddng tie'ng chuong dua Ling ke giie tien mo
Bay gid la bao gid Lai ling manh hdn tho.
Ciing nhu Tuong Phd, canh ngd ddi tu cua Ddng Hd cung "giiia dudng diit ganh". Va ong da viet nhimg vin tiiO bi ai trudc canh chia lia tang toe dd ciia ddi minh:
"Chan gdi cung nhau nhiing im em Bdng lam ngoc nit bdng chin chim Dim dia giot ngoc khan hong thim, Lanh leo dem xuin giie mdng tim. Hinh dang mo mang khi thiic ngu, Tilng hoi quanh quin nip y xiem, Bay nam vui khd ngan nam biet, Sdm gid chilu mua Ilm ndi nilm"
Va neu Tuong Phd cd Tdi tieu sau ngam tiii Ddng Hd ciing ed Tuc huyen cam tdc:
Chim linh phugng mdt bay chlng lai Nha ddc the mua vly le siu
Gid mua hai do xuin tiiu,
KhIp trdng non nude toan mau the luong"
R5 rang nhiing ciu tho dim nude mat ehiia ndi siu thuong bi luy dd nim trong khudn khd cua tinh cam "Khdc vg khdc chong". Nd phu hgp vdi tam tu, va hon the niia cd thi lam roi le nhiing ngudi thudc the he cu nhiing lai cd phin lac long vdi the he sau. Hon niia, ndi dung iy lai duge long vao trong mdt cai vd hinh thiic qua c6: Dudng luat (ngu ngdn hoae thit ngdn) hoae song
thit luc bat. Nhu viy la Binh cii md rugu ciing cii. Khdng du siic cam hoa the
he tre duong thdi.
Ddi tho Ddng Hd kha dai, qua "dinh 32", den nam 1935, dng cho ra tap
Cd gdi xuan. Nhirng bai trong tap nhu Bdn cdi hdn, Mua do cho thiy dng da
tre hoa hdn tho blng cam xiic tre trung trudc tinh yeu: "Chile io nam xua da cii rdi, Em dau cdn mac dl di choi. Ban tho nhan dip anh ra chg, Danh gdi anh mua, chile ao thdi... Hang bdng mai bile miu em thich, Mau vdi hang em da dan rdi.
CT.
Cdn thudc tic quen em chira bao Kich tiing bao rdng vat bao dai.
A
O hay nghe hdi ma yeu nhi,