va c6 ddng cho ngudi khac yeu chii nghTa binh dan.
4. Diing mdt ldi van gian di, dl hiiu, it chii Nho, mdt ldi van that cd tinh each An Nam.
5. Liic nao ciing mdi, tre, yeu ddi, cd tri phin diu va tin d sir tien bd. 6. Ca tung nhiing net hay ve dep cua nude ma cd tinh cich binh dan, khien cho ngudi khac dem Idng yeu nude mdt each binh din. Khdng ed tinh each trudng gia quy phai.
7. Trong tu do ca nhan.
8. Lam cho ngudi ta biet ring, dao Khdng khdng hgp thdi niia.
9. Dem phuang phip khoa hoc Thai Tiy ung dung vao van chuong Viet Nam.
10. Theo mot trong chin dilu nay cung duge, miln la dimg trai vdi nhiing dilu khac.
Tir gdc do thi loai, tdn ehi cua Tu luc van doan tap trung vao nhiing dac dilm chu yeu sau day:
- Vl ndi dung tu tudng: Cic nha van trong nhdm Tu luc van doan ehdng lai dao Khdng, ehdng lai khuynh hudng quan lieu va luan ly gia dinh ha khic ciia che do phong kien. Tdn trong tu do ca nhan va ed vii cho ldi sdng tre trung, sdi ndi cua thanh nien. Mieu ta nhiing ve dep tiiien nhien, canh sic non nude dl ehdng lai khuynh hudng "edp nhat" phong canh nude ngoai...
- Vl hinh tinic nghe thuat: Tu luc van doan chu truong viet mot ldi van gian di, dl hiiu, diing it chii Nho, cd tinh each An Nam dl ehdng lai ldi van nang vl chii Han, nhiing thuat ddi xiing va trimg diep cua giai doan trudc.
Ngoai ra, cai ten Tu lire van doan da mang y nghTa Tu luc sang tao, tu sire minh sang tie tie phim, khdng phien dich hay md phdng. Day cd le cung la mot phan ling ehdng lai giai doan trudc, chi chuyen chii ban vl ly thuyet cdn tic phim chu yeu la dich tir ngoai van. Tu lire van doan chi ehii y den sang tie va coi nhe dich thuit.
Cd chan trong Tu luc van doan la nhiing ten tudi sang gia cua gidi van nghe sT duong tiidi: Nhit Linh, Khai Hung, Tii Md, The Lii, Hoang Dao, Thach Lam, Nguyln Gia Tri,...
Co quan truyin ba ciia Tu luc vin doan la td bao Phong Hoi va td Ngay nay. Phong Hoa la td bio ma nhdm Tu luc ra mit trudc qudc dan. Dang ehii y la: bit diu tii Phong Hoa sd 14 ddi mdi ra ngay 22/9/1932, td bao nay dugc menh danh la "trai bom nd giiia lang bio". Trudc dd Nam Phong my la mdt td bio tan tie'n, mdi me nhung la cai tan tiln mdi me cua trudng gia, quan lai. Phong Hoa danh thing vao cae nhan vat chu chdt cua td Nam Phong, dinh thing vao dudng ldi chu truong vl tu tudng va nghe thuat ma nhdm Nam Phong bao ve, duy tn. Khdng ehi rieng Nam Phong, Ddng Duong tap ehi ciing bi cdng kich. Vay la ca hai co quan ngdn luan Idn nhit cimg hai nhan vat quan trong nhit cua van hoe giai doan 1900-1930 diu bi khieu khich, ha be mdt cich khdng thuong tile. Ciing tren so bao nay ed bai "Phong dao mdi" che gilu hai dng chu biit Nam Phong tap chi va Ddng Duong tap chi: "Nude Nam cd hai ngudi tai - Thii nhit sir Inh thii hai sir Uynh - Mot sir beo niing rung rinh - Mdt sir llu diu nhu hinh cd huong - Khdng vdn lieng, chlng rudng nuong - ehi dem du luin ban budn lam giau"... Vay chua du, td bao cdn "1dm" nhilu nhan vat tai to mat Idn duong thdi. Vdi nhiing uu the mdi, bao Phong Hoa thuc su la mot ludng gid manh lam lung lay trat tu xa hdi, ciing nhiing gia tri van chuong van hoa cu. Khdng phai ngiu nhien ma tii 1932, nhilu hien tugng van hoc ddn dap ra ddi, nhilu khuynh hudng trao luu sang tic xuit hien bio hieu mot thdi ky mdi cua van dan hien dai Viet Nam.
Sau Phong Hod, nhdm Tu luc tiep tuc cho ra td Ngay nay. Phong Hod ra
ddi dugc 2 nam, nhdm Tu lire nhan thiy da cd tieng tam, da gay dugc nhilu inh hudng bing trao phiing va tilu tiiuyet, ben md tiiem "mdt sin choi" mdi de tiep tuc chinh phuc doc gia: "Vin tiieo dudi mdt tdn ehi coi ddi blng mot con mat vui ve va phan diu song theo mot phuang phap khac vdi phuang phap trao phiing, chiing tdi se dua cic ban di tii rimg den bl, tir tiianh thi den thon que, xem cae trang tiiai hien ed trong xa hoi. Chiing tdi se di nhan xet lay su
tiiat, ndi lai dl cae ban hay va se chup nhilu anh in xen vao bai dl cae bai nay dugc ro ret hon. Nhu thi cic ban chi doc qua cimg nhu di den noi". Khac vdi
Phong Hod, td Ngdy nay liic diu loai han muc trao phiing, chi chuyen vl phdng su dilu tra. Sau mdt lin dinh ban, nim 1936, Phong Hod bi thu giiy phep nen Ngdy nay lai tilp tuc gdm chi 2 muc: Tieu thuyet va Trong tim. Vdi
Ngay nay, nhdm Tu luc da ddn nhin nhilu tai nang mdi nhu Vi HuyIn Die, Doan Phii Tii, Thanh Tinh, Xuan Dieu, Huy Can... Td bao cung la noi cdng bd
giai thudng hang nam cua nhdm Tu luc van doan. Cd thi Phong Hod coi Ngdy nay la nhung co quan ngdn luan sdi dong va cip tien cua van chuong nude nha
nhihig nam sau 1930.
Co quan xuit ban cua Tu luc vdn doan la Nha xuit ban Ddi nay: Cae nha
tilu thuyet trong nhdm viet xong thudng dang tren bao trudc sau mdi in thanh
sach. Liic diu, Ddi nay ehi xuit ban sich ciia nhiing nha vin ed chan trong Tu
lire van doan, vl sau, ho cung md rdng cho in sich cua nhiing ciy biit gin giii dugc cdng nhan va khdng di ngugc vdi tdn chi cua nhdm nhu tilu thuyet ciia Nguyen Hong, Nguyln Khic Min. Lin diu tien, d nude ta cd mot nha xuit ban theo dudi mdt muc dich van hoc, lam viec dudi mot tdn ehi van hoc. Vi
vay, ed thi ndi Ddi nay da md ra mot ky nguyen mdi cho sach van hoe va giiip
Tu luc van doan truyin ba, gidi tiiieu rdng rai cae tie phim van hoc ciing nhu quan niem, tu tudng cua van doan.
Ddng gdp cua Tu luc vdn doan ngay nay da dugc xem xet mot each
khich quan va nhilu binh dien hon. Song thanh the va ddng gdp Idn nhit cua ho vin la ITnh vuc tilu thuyet (vai trd eiia Tu luc van doan vdi phong trao tho mdi chiing ta se ban den d chuong sau). Cd till khlng dinh, vdi Tu luc van doan, van hoc Viet Nam chiing ta mdi cd mdt thdi dai tilu thuyet vdi diing nghTa cua nd. 6 giai doan trudc, chiing ta ehi thinh hanh tilu thuyet dich, sd sang tie da it di lai mang dang dip md phdng phin nhilu, md phdng tieu thuyet Tau, tilu thuyet Tay, md phdng cdt truyen, md phdng nhan vat... Den tilu thuyet Tu lire van doan ra ddi, doc gia mdi thuc sir dugc nglm nhin nhiing
con ngudi Viet Nam di lai giiia khung canh Viet Nam, trong nhihig cau chuyen gin giii. Nhan vat cd ca tinh rd ret hon. Van phong nhe nhang, luu loat, cd siic
hip dan ldi cudn hon. Cimg vdi Phong Hod, Ddi nay, mot trao luu tilu tiiuyet
lang man phat triin rim rd trong ddi sdng vin hoc Viet Nam sau 1932.
Tu luc vdn doan la mdt khuynh hudng sing tic chiu anh hudng rd ret cua
chii nghTa lang man Phip. Vdi mdt ddi ngii sing tic gdm cae cay biit "Tiy" hoc nhu Nhit Linh, Khai Hung, Hoang Dao, Thach Lam, khdng khi van chuong tran ngip nhiing "chang" va "nang". Tilu thuyet Tu luc van doan vao loai bin chay nhit vi nd dip ling dugc nhu ciu, tiii hieu cua ting Idp doe gia tiianh thi.
Goi sang tic cua cie nha Tu luc vdn doan la tilu thuyet lang man ehi la tren tdng thi. Thuc t l tilu tiiuylt Tu luc vdn doan cd nhiing cudn la lang man
tiln bd, thim dim tinh tiiin dan tdc va khat vong tu do, cd nhiing cudn giau yeu td hien thuc, va dT nhien la cdn cd nhiing cudn mang mau sic "tieu cue, tiioit ly".
Vl quan dilm triet hoc: Tu lire van doan la mdn de cua triet hoc duy tam sieu hinh Kant, Bergson ("Hdn budm mo tien", "Ddi mua gid", "Thanh Diic"). Vl phuang dien my hoc, Tu lire van doan la sir minh hoa ly thuyet "Nghe tiiuat vi nghe thuat". Quan dilm nghe tiiuat thuin tuy, nghe thuat khdng vu Igi duge bde Id kha tron ven trong "Dep" va "Thanh Diic" cua Khai Hung.
Ve noi dung: Tilu thuyet Tu lire van doan da diu tranh cho quyen tu do
yeu duong, cho viec giai phdng ca nhan khdi nhiing rang budc cua le giao phong kie'n. Day chinh la mdt quan dilm nhan sinh tien bd tao nen gia tri
nhan dao mdi cho tie pham. Neu d thdi dilm diu, Nua chitng xuan cua Khai
Hung da tan cdng vao thanh tri cua dai gia dinh phong kien, td cao bon quan lai va dia ehu troe phii d ndng thdn nhung chua thuc su manh bdi Ldc cdn chiu khuit phuc trudc uy quyIn cua 11 giao, cdn Mai la mot nan nhan dau kho ehi bie't ehdng ddi che do da the va giii lay nhin phim cua minh blng mot cau noi
luu truyin "Nha tdi khdng ed ma liy le" thi d giai doan sau, Lanh liing va Doan tuyet, thi hien mdt tiiai do diit khoat khdng khoan nhugng ciia Nhat
Linh vdi nhiing quan niem dao diic hep hdi c6 hii. Thdng qua cau chuyen vl
cudc ddi ciia mdt goi phu tre, Lanh lilng dat vin dl giai phdng hoan toan
ngudi phu nii ra khdi dai gia dinh phong kien, giai phap ho ra khdi nhiing
quan niem trinh tilt c6 hii cua ll giio. Doan tuyet la tie phim ed siic to cao
manh me nhit, la thai do khudc tir diit khoit cua nhiing con ngudi tre tudi: Khi tinh yeu va ly tudng diu bi tude doat, bdp nghet thi chi cd mdt su lira chon duy nhit la "doan tuyet". Ndi dung tie phim kl vl cae tap quin ha khic trong gia dinh ba Phan vdi nhiing cich cu xii tan nhin, bit nhan cua nhiing ke dai dien cho 11 giao phong kiln: Mdt cudc hdn nhan ma nang dau duge dinh gia blng sd tiln ba nghin bac. Tic gia da thdng qua ldi trang su, giin tiep budc tdi chi do hdn nhan ga bin: "Ngudi ed tdi chinh la me ehdng Thi Loan va cai luan ly ed hu kia... Tha cho Thi Lan tiie la cic ngai lam mot viec cdng blng, tire la td ra rang cai che do gia dinh vd nhan dao kia da den ngay tan va phai nhudng chd cho mdt che do gia dinh khac hgp vdi cai ddi mdi bay gid, hgp
vdi quan niem cua nhiing ngudi ed hoc mdi". Doan tuyet, chinh vi vay duge
coi la mot kilu "tuyen ngdn nhin quyIn" blng tilu thuyet, nd diu tranh cho quyIn tu do va benh vuc, bao ve nhan phim eon ngudi. Khdng thi cam chiu mai canh bi ngugc dai. Loan da ndi thing vao mat ba me ehdng phong kien hung bao: "Khdng ai ed quyIn ehui tdi, khdng ai cd quyIn danh tdi. Ba ciing la ngudi, toi ciing la ngudi, khdng ai hon kem ai"...
Cie tie gia trudc 1930 nhu Hoang Ngoe Phich, Ha Bilu Chanh diu chua thoit khdi rang budc cua 11 giao phong kien. Den lugt minh, Nhit Linh va Khii Hung da hoan toan diing tren lip trudng tu sin dl ehdng ddi dai gia dinh phong kie'n. Tir chd diing va dilm nhin dd, cae tie phim cua Tu lire van doan mang y nghTa tien bd vi da gdp phin day liii nhiing tan du cua le giao phong kiln c6 hu. Dudi eon mit ciia cic nha Tu luc van doan, xa hoi ma ho dang sdng la mot xa hdi thoai hoa, cin phai lit dd va ha be. Ndi each khac, trong tam cudc diu tranh tu tudng cua the he nay la phi va nhiing lau dai xua va doan tuyet vdi xa hdi cu. Ho cuong quyet ddi tra lai "cho con cai, nhat la con