^0 o + H - , 0
nitrobenzen
Nitrobenzen tac dung voi h6n hop axit H N O , b6c khoi va H,S04 dam dSc
d6ng thdi dun nong thi tao thanh m — dinitrobenzen.
NO, N O , Q ) + H O - N O , "^SQ^d, (Qj^ ^ H 2 O
* ^ ^ N 0 2
m- dinitrobenzen
Toluen tham gia phan ung nitro hoa d l dang hon benzen va tao thanh san
pham th6' o vj tri oitho va para :
CH. CH, o H N O , , H 2 S O 4 d o ^ o NO, NO, p- nitrotoluen o- nitrotoluen + H2O 48 Quy t^c th^ tr£n v6ng benzen
Khi trfin vong benzen da c6 sSn nhom ankyl (hay cac nh6m - O H , - N H j ,
-OCH3, ...), phan ung th6' vao vong benzen se d l dang hon va uti tifin thd' vao vi
tri ortho hoac parạ Ngiroc lai, nd'u b vong benzen da c6 sSn nhom - N O j (hoSc cdc nhom - C O O H , - S O , H , - C O O R , . . . ) , phan ung thé vao vong se kho hon va uu ti6n thé vao vj tri metạ
Phan vfng sunfo hoa • ' »•
Dun nong benzen voi H2SO4 dam dac d6ng thori chung cat nu6c ra khoi h6n hop phan ling se thu duoc axit benzensunfonic :
Q H ^ + HOSOjH ) QH5SO3H + H2O
d) Phan itng ankyl hoa
• Benzen tac dung v6i ankyl clorua c6 mat ciia AICI3 khan se cho ankylbenzen (phuong phap tang mach cacbon dị di6u chS'cac đng d i n g cua benzen).
Q H , + C„H3„. , C I ^'"^ > QH5C„H,„,, + H C l
• Co th^ thay th6' dSn xuát halogen bang ancol hoac anken d^ ankyl hoa benzen
C s H , + C H j C H ^ O H — " ^ ^ ^ i ) C6H5CH2CH3 + H2O
C^Hs + C H , = C H , ). Q H s C H o C H ,
N6'u anken la propilen ta se thu ducic san ph^m chinh la cumen C,H6 + C H , = C H - C H , "2^^°^ ) C,H5CH(CH3),
(cumen)
Phan umg cpng
a)
Benzen va cac ankyl benzen kh6ng lam mat mau dung dich brom flhu cac hidrocacbon kh6ng nọ Khi chid'u sang benzen c6ng vdi clo tao thanh C^HeClj.
C, H , + 3CU CeH^Cl, (hexaclo xiclohexan)
;)CgnsH,
Q H , + 3 H , ! i l . i L ^ Q H , 2 Phan umg oxi hoa
a) Oxi hoa hoan loan \ (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
C„ H 2„-6+ ^Y^O, -> nCO, + (n - 3)H20 •
) Oxi hoa khong hoan toan
• Khac voi etilen va axetilen, benzen kh6ng phan iJng vdi dung djch KMn04. • Toluen va cac đng dang khi dun nong voi dung dich K M n 0 4 (hoac K2Cr207)
se bi oxi hoa 6 mach nhanh (nhom ankyl) tao ra mu6'i va axit hiru cọ Phan iJng nay dimg de nhan bie't toluen.
-> Q H s C O O K + 2Mn024 + K O H + H.O QH5CH3 + 2KMn04
Nhqn xet: Nd'u nh6m ankyl d vong benzen dhi hem nhom -CH3 thi phan ling oxi hoa mach nhanh v3n iru tifin xay ra or vj tri a d6'i vdi vong.
QH,CH2 - ^ C H j R KMNO, > QH5COOK """^ ) QH5COOH 5. Dieu che benzen va aren
+ Chung cat nhua than da va rifominh din mo thu duoc m6t luong 16n benzen, toluen va naphtalen (diing trong c6ng nghidp)
+ Dehidro hoa d6ng vong hexan va heptan thu duoc benzen va toluen CH,(CH,),CH3 2Z"<^1 > Q H, - ^ 4 H ,
CH3(CH2).,CH3 s i i i l P - ^ CftHjCHj + 4H2
+ Dehidro hoa xicloankan hoac metyl xicloankan
+ Trime hoa axetilen
SCH, ^ C,H, 6 " 6
+ Ankyl hoa benzen de A\iu chéđng dang ciia benzen Q H , + C H , , , , ,C1 > QH5QH,,,,, + HCl + Cong H2 vao mach nhanh khdng no
C.H5CH = CH, + Ni, t° -» C^HjCH^CHj
CH=CH,
+ Tir benzen va etilen de diau ché etylbenzen
C^H, + CH, = CH, — i i ^ ^ QH5CH2CH3 I I . S T I R E N VA N A P H T A L E N
1. Stiren
+ CS'u tao va tinh chat v$t li
• Stiren (vinylbenzen, phenyletilen) c6 c6ng thirc cáu tao :
• Stiren la chat long kh6ng mau, nhe hon nude va kh6ng tan trong nu6c. t l . = - 3 1 ° C , t ^ = 145°C.
+ Tinh chat hoa hoc
a) Phan ifng cpng
Tuong tu nhu anken, stiren c6 phan ihig c6ng halogen (Q,, Brj), hidrohalogenua (HCl, HBr) vao nhom vinyl.
C6H5CH=CH2 + Br, - » C^HjCBr-CH^Br
C6H,CH=CH, + HCl ^ CeHjCHCl-CHj
r- C H - C H , - C6H5
1, ) Phcin ling trung hcrp
n C H = CH2 "•^"••^ C6H5 (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
polistiren (PS) v
(•) Phan ifng oxi hoa
Giong nhu etilen, stiren lam mat mau dung djch KMn04 va bi oxi hoa 6 nhom vinyl, con vong benzen vSn gi& nguyen. ' ' " ' ' ' '
3QH5CH = CH. + 2KMn04 + 4 ^ 0 -> BQHjCHCOH) - CHjOH + 2Mn02 + 2KOH
Phan ling tren dung d^ nhan biét stiren. ,