III. Theo tai sin dim ha°
T) ne xau hen ng qua hen CVTD KHCC
2.4.5.1. Kit qua dal dace
Trong giai doan nAm 2012 — 2014 vim qua, mac du n'en kinh to co nhieu bien dOng bat lgi lim inh huang tai hoat dOng kinh doanh ctia cac NEITNt Suing nha sir no luc coa ban lAnh dao TPBank cling sr co ging vugt qua Iche khan, thitch thirc cda CBNV, hoat dr:mg cho vay tieu diing KHCC cua TPBank dA dat dugc nhang kEt qui nhu sau:
Tik dO tang truemg doanh so cho vay tieu dimg tang deu qua cic nam, nam 2012 tang 35,95%, nam 2013 (tat 20,27% vi nam 2014 tang 28,02%. Top gum tang cuerng cong tic quan lY sau vay, doanh s6 thu hoi ng tang deu qua cac nAm, nam 2012 d in 36,75%, nAm 2013 dat 41,33% vi nAm 2014 thu h6i ng tang 42,43%.
S6 Wang KHCC vay tieu ditng dA tang theo tirng nAm, tuy s6 lugng tang khong qui nhieu nhtmg ding la kat qui dinh &Au sir co ging cim doi ngu CBNV TPBank vi Trung tam KHCC trong viec cii thien sin pham de dip ling dung nhu cau cilia timg doi Wang KHCC, trinh dO chuyen mon cua CBNV dirge cii thien glut) to yin dung sin pham cho dung d6i tugng khich hang, thim dinh vi quin ly hieu qui cic khoin vay.
Ng qui han gen du nu cho vay tuy chua tot nhtmg van thAp bon mirc 5% theo quy dinh cda ngan hang. Ty Ie ng xau gen du my dueri mirc 3%. Ty le ng xau tren ng qui han co chieu huang giim theo nam. Cic chi tieu nay cho thay sin pham cho vay tieu climg co chieu huang phit trim tot, ngan hang dA kiem soft dirge danh mud cic mon ng, giim rui ro that thoit von, Wang cao phit trien cho vay tieu dung KHCC.
Wing quay von tang, nam 2013 dat 1,81 yang, Om 2014 tang len 2,29 yang, khi nang thu hoi ng cao, ngutin *gin dirge Juan chuyen nhanh, ca hOi tai cap vim dau to cho vay tieu dung tang.
2.4.5.2. Han the con tan tai
Ben canh nhieu thanh tuu tien b6 da dat duce trong nh&ng nam vita qua, TPBank van con ten tai nhing nhi-mg han the nhat dinh ve trong ding tic thvc hien quan tr1 cho vay tieu ding KHCC.
Doanh so cho vay tieu ding KHCC con nho, TPBank chua thvc str khai thic het duqc nguen Ivc dang co de phat trien san phim, cac doi tuovg KHCC chua &roc khai that triet de, Iqi nhuan dem lai cho ngan hang con han hcp.
Dv Kt cho vay tieu ding KHCC thiip, icing du no can thap, tuy da c6 nhieu dieu chinh nhtmg chinh skh cia TPBank chua thvc sir lam san pham hip dan thu hitt KHCC vay vein tieu ding.
Cac chi tieu nq xau, ng qui him con cao, san phim chua duqc toan b6 cac doi
Wong KHCC sir dung, hiu het la KHCC curt nhim thi ba. Trinh dO quan tri rui ro ctla CBTD con thip.
2.4.5.3. Nguyen nhtin ctia hgn the
Nguyen nhen khgch quan:
Nguyen nhan tir phia mei truemg, chinh skh kinh to va cong tic giam sat tit xa
cua NHNN: cac dinh hut:mg phat trien cim NM nuErc thuang xuyen thay dei, die'u chinh co chid chinh skh la anh hue:mg den toan bi) nen kinh te. Cac van ban phap lust ve tai san the chip can nhieu bit cap. NHNN chtra khic phuc duqc cong tic giam sat tir xa va thanh tra tai ch6 (tic la duy tri hoot ding phan tich va giam sat lien tic qua mang may tinh dig von tat ca TCTD trong hg thong ngan hang). Mat khac, cling gitmg cac NHTM khac TPBank chua quen trao doi thong tin ve tinh hinh KHCC cho cac ngan hang ban bog 15, do canh tranh nen den nay h'e' thong thong tin tai trung tam tin dung NHNN (CIC) chua dap img duqc nhu au cua ngan hang.
Tinh hinh kinh to trong nherng nam via qua cis the giii not chung va Viet Nam not rieng hit sic am dam. Nam 2012 la mgt nam thvc sv kho khan veri doanh nghiep Viet Nam. Nhing bien dang kinh ti toan cau khien cho thj truing bi thu hop, hang ton kho tang cao,... Tinh hinh van kdo dai va phin nao lam anh tiring kinh to cim nlim 2014. Hoat dOng cac ngan hang gap nhieu kh6 khan, no xau cao, tang truing tin dung toan he thong thip. Cac chucmg trinh tong tam dm he thong ngan hang: tat co cat' va xi IS, no xau co tien trien nhung con cham, chua to chuyen bien tich cvc.
Trong thvc to hien nay, ding tic cho vay tieu ding KHCC dang bi dOng trong viec cap nh#t thong tin tir dti arcing cho vay, ngu6n got thong tin chi yeu dva vio he so vay von, uy tin cim KHCC tren co chang nguisin thong tin 6 flan hang
quan con nhieu han che. Do vay nguen thong tin thu thap dirge de danh gia va dua ra quyet dinh cho vay la thieu chinh xac lam gilm Igi nhuon va hieu qua ;Ong tic cho vay, gay ra ng qua han h mat cao.
Nguyen nhin chu quan:
Do viec ty tai cu ciu ctia TPBank, cung veri viec TT.KHCC con non tre ve kinh nghiem quan 19, be may quan ly can chua ket nei ding be khoa hoc lien ket theo chieu dgc vi chieu ngang nen phat sinh kheng it kh6 khan trong phoi hgp quan tri dieu hanh tang cac din m61 trung gian gay lanh phi thin gian, giam thieu hieu qua ding tic cho vay tieu dimg KHCC.
TPBank chiral c6 chien Wet titian trj riii ro trong link vyc cho vay tieu ding KHCC cia TT.KHCC mang tinh daft hen. Trong me hinh quart tri ngfin hang hien dai, viec xay dung met chien 'vat quan tri rai ro king the mang tinh dii han eking vai tre quan tang trong viec dinh huOng hoat Ong dm he thtng quan ly rid ro, dim bao he tilling hog dOng hieu qua vi dot dirge nhfrng 'nue tieu de ra. D6i vai TPBank hien nay, chien lugc quail tri rid ro dang dirge king vao met se van ban quy the hoot dOng va cac van bin quy the ve chin nang nhiem vu cua cac pheng ban. Mac de vay mot chien lugc king the, chinh thirc chuan hem cho TT.KHCC van chin dirge ngfin himg xay dung, alp dung vi phi) hien rong rai trong he thting.
Quy trinh cho vay con nhieu hen hcp: Quy trinh cho vay bee 10 met s6 han che va chua thin sr dirge thuc hien nghiem ngat, day du tai met se pheng ban kinh doanh KHCC cua TPBank tai chi nhanh. Tai TPBank, CBTD la ngu&i tim kiem khach hang, phan tich dinh gia khach hang, trinh duyet cho vay, kiem tra cho trong va sau cho vay. Trong khi quy frith cap tin dung tai the ngfin hang tien tien la met eau trite c6 tinh he thing trong de nhieu nguei ding tham gia vi min can b0 chu chit tham gia vao mot hoac met s6 khau tic nghiep de chuyen sau vi giam thieu rui ro. Vai quy trinh hien tai, CBTD cua TPBank phai lam nhieu vie; do vay mac de chuyen sau vao timg nghiep vu rat khO. Khau kiem tra sau cho vay chin dirge thin hien that nghiem talc. Trong theri gian vira qua da c6 nhung don vi phuc vu KHCC con vi pham quy trinh cho vay ma ngan hang phai xir 19. MOt s6 quy trinh khong quy dinh sir ph6i hap gala cac be phan lien quan trong cac khau c6 nhieu 130 phan ding tham gia quan ly nhu khau quail ly TSDB hoac ban hanh van ban nOl be chua kip thai khi ca sir thay &Si cac guy& dinh cua ALCO, HOi dang tin dung.
Cling tic thim dinh chua duet they hien tit: Viec tham dinh cac dieu kien vay v6n, h6 so vay vent cua khach hang thi hog dOng thu thap thong tin khach hang dm can be tin dung con nhieu han cht, mang tinh chu quan nhu: t& trinh tham dinh so sii, chin lam rb nguyen nhan sr bit hap 19 gift cac he sa, &Ay to khich hang cung
cap, hqp clang dau vao theo phuong an kinh doanh cua khach hang da` ha hieu lye nhung khach hang chua be sung Hqp vay von meri hoOc 1(9 Phu lye Hqp ding vay win gia han uteri gian thut hien hqp ding, hoac TO trinh chua phan anh day do thong tin.
MOc dit vay, cac khoan vay van trinh len de xet duyet lam kh6 khan, mat thdi gian cho ding tac them dinh cua cac be phOn chuyen trach clan den c6 the dua ra cac quyet dinh cho vay chtra chinh xac lam anh htremg Ian den ding tac quan to ngan hang cling nhu lam giam bleu qua hoot deng cho vay.
Cling tic bio dim tan vay con xiy ra Mau sai sot: Cong tac nay van con ton tai viec chua dive hien duqc day dii quy dinh can thiet de bao dam quyen lqi cho TPBank neu Mn that xay ra nhu:
Sai set trong k9 ket hgp dang the chap hoOc chua hoan thien thil We the chip dan den hqp deng the chip khong dam bao quyen lqi cita TPBank nhu hqp ding chua Gong chimg, chua xac nhan dm dun vi phat hanh tai sitn dam bao (vi du: STK dm ngan hang khac,..)
Hqp deng vay tieu dung co TSDB chua dam bao day du nghia vu tai chinh cua KHCC. Cac hqp thing vay tieu thing co TSDB chua quy dinh re ben the chap (ben thin ba) the chap tai sin de dam bao nghia vu dan sg cim ben nio (ben the chap hay ben vay vim) hoOc cling khong chi re TSDB se dam bao cho cac hqp dang tin dung nio.
Giii nein vi kiem soit sau cho vay chua duct dim bio:Chat !mpg cong tic kiem tra sau cho vay tieu dung KHCC chua duqc dam bao, chua kiem tra day du nwc dich sir clung yen, ho0c noi dung kiem tra chua cop nhOt duqc tinh hinh tai chinh cua KHCC, c6 the chua kip than phat hien ra the dau hieu xiu, bit thutmg trong hoat Ong kinh doanh cua khach hang, dan den rui ro cho ngan hang trong qua trinh thu hoi nq vay tieu clang.
MOc du is xAu dtrqc duy tri dueri 3% nhtmg van con cao. Ty le nq qui hart chuavuqt qua 5% trong 2 nAm gin day, tuy hieu qua cho vay tieu ditng KHCC cita TPBank da c6 giam sin.
Ngan hang con dang phy thuec vio viec co cau lai cac khoan nq giam nq xau. Dieu nay se &Up cho cac khach hang giam ap lye ve khoan nq den hp nhung lai lam ngan hang tang nil ro mat von ham.
Cin b# tin dung can tri, thiati kinh nghitmHiu het CBTD dau can rat tre ma dei tugng KHCC deu IA nhang ngtrei c6 nhieu kinh nghiem ve mat ki'en thirc tai chinh nen dem lai Icha nhieu bat lqi cho TPBank. CBTD cua TT.ICHCC van thieu kinh nghiem trong viec cap tin dung, chua barn sat tinh hinh thgc tE, con c6 str e ngai khi quan h4 tin dung vai KHCC. Met WO can b0 Hun viec lau nam thutmg lam viec theo
kinh nghiam nen it tim hiau va cap nhat nhftng thay al cua kinh to thi trtrOng, trinh di, va using ngha con han cha. Trong qua trinh cho vay, nhiau CBTD thiau kha nang phan doan va chin co each nhin toan din va hiau qua num te, toin din va khoan vay fiat' dung KHCC, nen chi xoay quanh cat TSDB mang tinh true din lam anh huong an hieu qua cua hoat (gong cho vay tieu ang KHCC. Pham chit dao dire cua mot s6 CBTD suy giam lam gia tang rui ro cac khoan vay fiat' dung KHCC, gay anh hu?rng den Icri nhuan, uy tin cua ngan hang.