c()ng l;;ti la 17,5 ta'n, nhu'ng san lu'<;ing tra da tang tu ~ 5 ta'n len 16 ta'n.
20 15 15 LUONG 10 ... . c 8 TRA ~ ::::::::::::::::.~.;·::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::. ~ E 5 10 12,5 15 17,5 20 25
KHOI LUONG LUA Mi .
)j( Nang hfc san xua't cua Srilanka
e Nang life san xua't cua My Hlnh.1.2 Hlnh.1.2
Ne'u chung ta gia tang san xua't lua ml va v~n gifi' nguyen san lu'<;ing tra nhu' tru'oc khi c6 thu'dng m;;ti_gifi'a hai nu'oc. Srilanka dung toan b() tai nguyen ciia mlnh
d~ lam ra 10 ta'n tra (di~m C tren hlnh 1.2). My c6 th~ san xua't 5·ta'n tr~ con l~i voi 25 ddn vi tainguyen, 75 dd~ vi tai nguyen con lq.i My c6 th~ san xua't 18,75ta'n Ilia ml (75:4). Bi~u nay du'<;ic bi~u thi o di~m E ciia hlnh ve1.2. Khong cfin phii'i hy sinh san lu'<;ing tra c6 san tru'oc khi c6 thu'dng m~i, _lua ml v~n tang len tu 17,5 ta'n len
l8,75 t!n.
Nhu v~y ne'u My san xu!t tu'dng ung 1· di~m nao d6 nAm tren 9o;;tn DE, ca tra va Ilia mi d~u c6 th~ tang l~n hdn so voi khi thu'eng m;;ti chua di€n ra: ·ca 2 nu'oc
d~u c6 th~ d~t du'<;ic m1;1c tieu gia tang san xua't tra, lua mi hay ca 2 bAng each Srilanka trao d6i m()t phan san lu'<;ing tra d~ la'y m()t phan san lu'<;ing llla mi.-
Nhu' v?y m()t qu6c gia se c6 l<;1i the' tu'ong dO'i v~ m()t hang nao d6 ne'u nhu' chi phi co hQi d~ san xua't ra m?t hang d6 tha"p hon so voi qu6c gia con l~i. Khi d6 qu6c gia nay se chuyen mon h6a m?t hang rna n6 c6 1<;1i the' tu'dng dO'i.
1.2.3. MQt s6 cac ghi thie't theo san cac hqc thuye't:
1.2.3.1.Vi~c lam day du: Hqc thuye't v~ lqi the" tuy~t d6i va tu'ong d6i d~u
gia dinh r~ng CaC ngu6n tai nguyen d~U du'QC sit d1;1ng trQn Vyn. Khi cac qu6c
gia c6 nhi~u ngu6n tai nguyen duqc sit d1;1ng, hQ se tim each hl;ln che' nh~p kh~ u d~ sit d1;1ng tai nguyen ton ti~m tang cho du chung khong duqc sti' d1;1ng c6 hi~u quiL Tuy v~y day khong phai la gia thie't c6 gia tq.
1.2.3.2. Ml,IC tieu khac nhau: M\IC tieu cua cac qu6c gia c6 th~ khac nhau (j
cac thoi di~m khac nhau rna khong h~n chi din Cll vao hi~U qua.
Cac qu6c gia c6 th~ theo du6i nhung ffi\IC dich khac ngoai m\lc dich hi~u qua
v~ san lu'<;1ng lam ra. HQ khong mu6n chuyen mon h6a do hQ c6 th~ ba't l<;1i khi ky thu?t thay d6i va khi c6 dao d<)ng gia. Do v?y, hQ c6 th~ thay d6i nganh ngh~ hay da d~ng h6a nganh ngh~ d~ giam bot rui ro.
1.2.3.3. Hai mtoc, hai lo~i hang boa: .E>~ cho don gian, dftu tien Ricardo gia dinh r~ng m9t the' gioi ra't don gian bao g6m hai nuoc va hai lof;li hang h6a. Trong VI dl;l chung ta cling l~p· lu?n nhu'.v?y. M~c du di~u nay khong thlfc te' nhu'ng n6 ~hong giam di tfnh hfi'u ich cua hqc thuye't. 'Cac nha kinh te" cling Iffy ly do nay khi giai thich lqi the' cua tfnh hi~u qua trong truong hqp.
nhi~u nu'oc va nhi~u san phgm.
1.2.3.4. Chi phi v~n chuy~n: Ca hai hQc thuye't l<;1i the' tuy~t dO'i va l<;1i the' tu'dng dQ'i d~U khong d~ c?p de'n chi phi d~ v?n CQUy~n san ph~m tu noi nay d{n
· noi khac nhttng day khong phai la m<)t h~n che' IOn. Dil slf chuyen mon h6a lam giam. lu'<;1ng tai nguyen cin thi<$'t d~ san xua"t ra san ph~m. vi~c v?n chuy~n hang h6a tren the' giOi cfing cin phai c6 tai nguyen. Ne'u chi phi chuyen chd hang tO'n
nhi~u tai nguyen hon ltt<;1ng tai nguyen tie't ki~m dtt<;1c do chuyen mon h6a thl l9i the' ctia thu'ong m~i se bi,phu nh?n.
1.2.3.5.· Tinh linh dQng:
Ngu6n tai nguyen thl khon:g linh d<)ng hay _ba't d<)ng nhu' gia thie't ctia hQc thuye't 1<;1i the' tuy~t dO'i va tu'ong do"i.
Cac h9c thuye't lqi the' tuy<$t dO'i va tu'ong dO'i gia dinh r~ng tai nguyen c6 th~
dich chuy€n tlf do tu vi<$c san xua't hang h6a nay sang hang h6a khac trong m()t nude, nhung chung l(;li khong duqc tlf do di chuy~n tren the' gioi.
1.2.3.6. Djch Vl):
Thuye't lqi the' tuy<$t dO'i va tu'dng dO'i d€ c~p de'n hang h6a hon la dich V\1, nhu'ng dich V\1 dang du'QC gia tang trong ty tr9ng thu'dng ffi(;li tren the' giOi. £>i€u nay khong giO'ng VOi tlnh huO'ng CUa cac h9c thuye't c6 Xu'a VI tai nguye'n cfing phai du'qc sii' d1;1ng trong ho(;lt d()ng dich V\1 nhu'hang h6a.
Chudng 2
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