variation in solar radiation
Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 1 pot
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 21:21
... Schimmel
Typesetting: LE-TeX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig
Printing: Mercedes-Druck, Berlin
Binding: Stein +Lehmann, Berlin
Printed on acid-free paper 32/3141/as 5 4 3 2 1 0
2 Solar Radiation in ... book.
The following main types ofradiation(andtheir energy) are distinguished in
radiation transferring thr oughout the atmosphere: direct radiation (radiation
coming to the point immediately ... within different spectral ranges.
As is seen from above, it is possible to divide all radiation int o solar and self
(heat) radiation. In this book, we are considering only solar radiation in...
- 32
- 358
- 0
Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 2 ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 21:21
... are taking into
account that the enhancing of emitted energy within the elementary volume
could occur also owing to the scattering of external radiation coming to the
28 Solar Radiation in the ... within the radiation field.
In general case both the extinction and the enhancing of energy of radiation
passing through this volume are taking place (Fig. 1.6). Let I be the radiance
incoming ... condition accepted in Sect. 1.1 we are considering solar
radiation incoming to the plane atmosphere top as an incident solar parallel
flux F
0
from direction (ϑ
0
, ϕ
0
). Then, deducing the intensity...
- 32
- 347
- 0
Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 3 doc
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 21:21
... main
partofthesolardownwellingirradianceinaclearsky.Thepitchinfluenceon
the accounting of direct radiation in the measured irradiance was obviously
owing to the deviation of the angle of the solar ... We are neglecting the radiation scattering
in the optically thin clear atmosphere between the cloud layers and in the
underlying clear layer and assuming that the lower layer adjoins the ground
surface ... approach was elaborated in a study (Melnikova and
Minin 1977) for computing the downwelling and upwelling solar irradiances
in the vertically heterogeneous medium consisting of two optically thick...
- 32
- 321
- 0
Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 4 potx
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 21:21
... irradiance:
solar radiation decreases owing to the radiation extinction in the atmosphere.
For the upwelling irradiancethis effect pointstothe predominanceofscattering
processes over absorption processes in ... indicates the decreasing of both
upwelling and downwelling irradiances with the increasing of the atmospheric
pressure in all cases. This behavior is evident for the downwelling irradiance:
solar ... experiment planning and data processing was the minimization of the
random uncertainty of the results and correction of the systematic uncertainty
during instrument calibration.
Increasing the measurement...
- 32
- 318
- 0
Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 5 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 21:21
... Isakov VYu (1990) Radiation – hydrooptics experiments
in lakes. Nauka, Leningrad (in Russian)
Kondratyev KYa, Binenko VI, Melnikova IN (1996) Cloudiness absorption of solar radiation
in visual spectral ... spectrometer for inves-
tigation of short-wav e radiation field in the atmosphere. In: Pr oblems o f Atmospheric
Physics. 6:Leningrad University Press, Leningrad, pp 175–181 (in Russian)
Minin IN (1988) ... exists and it is mostly evinced in
the shortwave spectral region.
The main result of the study by Minnet (1999) is the following: solar zenith
angle is critical in determining whether clouds heat...
- 32
- 381
- 0
Tài liệu Seasonal variation in the incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in tropical climatic conditions ppt
Ngày tải lên :
13/02/2014, 06:20
... average rainfall
during the study period.
Graph showing the variation in the monthly average morning relative humidity during the study periodFigure 3
Graph showing the variation in the monthly ... of
energy intake, physical activity and season. Br J Nutr 2005,
93(2):199-203.
Graph showing the variation in the monthly average rainfall during the study periodFigure 4
Graph showing the variation in ... preeclampsia in the dry and wet seasons that
occur in Zimbabwe [12]. All these studies have assessed if
there was a seasonal variation in the incidence of preec-
lampsia. Interestingly Phillips et al, in...
- 5
- 880
- 0
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Mg2+-modulated KMnO4 reactivity of thymines in the open transcription complex reflects variation in the negative electrostatic potential along the separated DNA strands ppt
Ngày tải lên :
19/02/2014, 18:20
... determined by the different sizes of the
substituents. In the case of TpT, intramolecular stack-
ing of thymine residues brings the two C(5)¼C(6)
bonds in close proximity, thereby increasing the ... model assuming a single Mg
2+
-
binding site involved in the screening of negative
phosphate charges:
ox
k
Mg
¼
ox
k þ Df½Mg
2þ
ÂK
scr
=ð1 þ½Mg
2þ
ÂK
scr
Þg
ð2Þ
where K
scr
is a screening constant, ... depending on their location. It was thus of
interest to determine screening isotherms for variously
positioned thymine residues, analogous to those
obtained for the nucleotides in the preceding...
- 16
- 487
- 0
The Sun to the Earth -- and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics potx
Ngày tải lên :
05/03/2014, 11:21
... examined a variety of
issues related to both formal and informal education, including the incorpo-
ration of solar and space physics content in science instruction at all levels,
the training ... solar wind. The realm of the
solar wind, which includes the entire solar system, is called the heliosphere.
In the broadest sense, the heliosphere is a vast interconnected system of
fast-moving ...
(2003, in
press).
In addition to the input from the five study panels, the committee also
received information at a 2-day workshop convened in August 2001 to
examine in detail issues relating to...
- 197
- 508
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Expression of cholinesterases in human kidney and its variation in renal cell carcinoma types pdf
Ngày tải lên :
06/03/2014, 22:21
... between acetylcholinesterases of kid-
ney and erythrocytes in the extent of binding with the
lectins concanavalin A, Lens culinaris agglutinin
(LCA), and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA)
(Fig. ... explain their wide distribution
in tissues and cells [16], including stem cells [17].
Increasing evidence links these noncatalytic actions
with the binding of cholinesterases to several protein
partners. ... acetylcholin-
esterase can interact with laminin and collagen IV
[17,18], nicotinic receptors [19], amyloid b-peptide and
presenilin-1 [20], neuronal enolase, the scaffold protein
RACK1 and protein kinase...
- 11
- 474
- 0
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN U.S. THYROID CANCER INCIDENCE, AND A CLUSTER NEAR NUCLEAR REACTORS IN NEW JERSEY, NEW YORK, AND PENNSYLVANIA potx
Ngày tải lên :
15/03/2014, 01:20
... contributing factor in current U.S. thyroid cancer incidence rates. This
finding merits further examination, especially in light of the fact that 104 such reactors
continue to operate in the ... occurred in monitoring sites
located in the northwestern states, including Boise Idaho, Spokane Washington, and
Helena Montana. (30)
However, 2001-2005 thyroid cancer incidence in these ... radioactive
iodine is in food imported from other areas. Determining the sources of the food supply
in an area, even in a single type of food such as milk, is a highly complex undertaking.
The existence...
- 16
- 481
- 0