278 Appendix A: Tables of Radiative Characteristics and Optical Parameters of the Atmosphere Table A.7. (continued) Class, No. λ (µm)1516171819202121.121.2222324252627 0.79 79. 28 10. 97 47. 92 4. 45 15. 84 2. 96 20. 12 3. 02 30. 87 4. 63 76. 43 12. 80 67. 89 6. 82 84. 90 12. 73 96. 32 14. 45 66. 24 11. 26 75. 29 11. 29 45. 35 7. 79 40. 77 8. 72 27. 18 4. 44 40. 46 6. 07 0.80 77. 91 11. 22 47. 93 4. 76 16. 13 2. 95 19. 97 2. 40 31. 72 3. 81 76. 01 12. 32 64. 70 6. 66 81. 12 9. 73 92. 50 11. 10 70. 89 12. 04 78. 58 10. 56 49. 11 8. 21 43. 48 9. 21 27. 19 3. 84 40. 56 4. 87 0.81 76. 27 11. 05 47. 45 4. 74 16. 26 2. 97 20. 46 2. 46 32. 39 3. 89 75. 70 11. 58 68. 25 7. 00 84. 85 10. 18 97. 27 11. 67 70. 71 12. 86 76. 73 10. 11 49. 23 8. 00 41. 03 7. 68 27. 16 3. 57 36. 72 4. 41 0.82 75. 01 9. 88 46. 56 4. 54 16. 25 3. 01 21. 16 2. 12 32. 57 3. 87 74. 64 11. 55 77. 65 8. 04 95. 33 11. 04 110. 51 1. 04 64. 82 12. 20 69. 84 9. 29 45. 42 7. 39 35. 90 6. 32 26. 69 4. 28 32. 65 3. 26 0.83 76. 22 9. 47 46. 52 4. 13 16. 63 3. 04 22. 66 2. 95 33. 30 4. 33 75. 11 11. 82 81. 29 8. 14 99. 07 12. 88 115. 31 4. 99 62. 47 10. 72 66. 78 8. 68 44. 86 7. 38 34. 97 6. 46 26. 70 5. 05 32. 65 4. 24 0.84 77. 94 9. 71 47. 14 3. 78 17. 35 3. 07 23. 88 3. 58 34. 52 5. 18 77. 30 11. 90 78. 50 7. 59 96. 57 14. 49 111. 91 6. 78 66. 17 10. 99 71. 96 10. 79 48. 34 8. 00 38. 13 7. 14 27. 44 5. 40 34. 93 5. 24 0.85 78. 06 9. 54 47. 19 4. 09 17. 88 3. 10 24. 15 4. 83 35. 38 7. 08 79. 00 12. 05 77. 13 7. 50 95. 71 19. 14 110. 92 2. 18 70. 01 11. 60 79. 51 15. 90 51. 26 8. 44 41. 55 7. 52 28. 17 5. 63 36. 49 7. 30 ∗ Upper value is the arithmetic mean SBC (percent), lower value is the standard deviation over the class Appendix A: Tables of Radiative Characteristics and Optical Parameters of the Atmosphere 279 Table A.8. Volume coefficients of the aerosol scattering (km −1 ) retrieved from the data of airborne radiative sounding 16 Oct. 1983 (The Kara-Kum desert) ∗ (continued on next page) P (mbar) λ (nm) 950 900 850 800 700 600 500 325 0. 0278 0. 0069 0. 0206 0. 0063 0. 0120 0. 0042 0. 1100 0. 0063 0. 0470 0. 0038 0. 0480 0. 0037 0. 0021 0. 0021 345 0. 0280 0. 0068 0. 0209 0. 0325 0. 0120 0. 0042 0. 1140 0. 0064 0. 0492 0. 0038 0. 0485 0. 0037 0. 0027 0. 0021 365 0. 0269 0. 0066 0. 0200 0. 0060 0. 0118 0. 0040 0. 1141 0. 0062 0. 0477 0. 0038 0. 0502 0. 0037 0. 0033 0. 0020 385 0. 0259 0. 0066 0. 0192 0. 0058 0. 0115 0. 0040 0. 1163 0. 0060 0. 0484 0. 0037 0. 0518 0. 0038 0. 0055 0. 0019 405 0. 0255 0. 0066 0. 0189 0. 0058 0. 0114 0. 0039 0. 1189 0. 0060 0. 0493 0. 0037 0. 0531 0. 0039 0. 0074 0. 0019 425 0. 0262 0. 0063 0. 0194 0. 0058 0. 0115 0. 0039 0. 1220 0. 0061 0. 0498 0. 0038 0. 0542 0. 0038 0. 0073 0. 0019 445 0. 0270 0. 0062 0. 0200 0. 0058 0. 0118 0. 0039 0. 1264 0. 0061 0. 0524 0. 0038 0. 0558 0. 0038 0. 0069 0. 0019 465 0. 0279 0. 0062 0. 0207 0. 0059 0. 0120 0. 0038 0. 1241 0. 0063 0. 0540 0. 0039 0. 0553 0. 0038 0. 0059 0. 00195 485 0. 0287 0. 0063 0. 0213 0. 0060 0. 0122 0. 0038 0. 1277 0. 0064 0. 0567 0. 0039 0. 0556 0. 0038 0. 0046 0. 00199 505 0. 0294 0. 0062 0. 0221 0. 0060 0. 0124 0. 0039 0. 1341 0. 0065 0. 0575 0. 0040 0. 0527 0. 0039 0. 0041 0. 00203 525 0. 0296 0. 0062 0. 0222 0. 0061 0. 0125 0. 0038 0. 1390 0. 0066 0. 0582 0. 0040 0. 0539 0. 0039 0. 0046 0. 00202 545 0. 0299 0. 0061 0. 0224 0. 0061 0. 0126 0. 0038 0. 1388 0. 0067 0. 0567 0. 0040 0. 0539 0. 0039 0. 0047 0. 00202 565 0. 0301 0. 0061 0. 0225 0. 0061 0. 0126 0. 0038 0. 1412 0. 0067 0. 0582 0. 0041 0. 0534 0. 0040 0. 0049 0. 0020 585 0. 0302 0. 0061 0. 0227 0. 0060 0. 0127 0. 0038 0. 1420 0. 0067 0. 0591 0. 0041 0. 0524 0. 0040 0. 0049 0. 0021 605 0. 0303 0. 0060 0. 0228 0. 0060 0. 0128 0. 0038 0. 1504 0. 0068 0. 0585 0. 0040 0. 0505 0. 0040 0. 0053 0. 0021 625 0. 0306 0. 0061 0. 0230 0. 0061 0. 0129 0. 0039 0. 1501 0. 0068 0. 0581 0. 0041 0. 0523 0. 0040 0. 0056 0. 0021 645 0. 0308 0. 0062 0. 0231 0. 0061 0. 0130 0. 0040 0. 1540 0. 0068 0. 0585 0. 0041 0. 0533 0. 0041 0. 0057 0. 0021 665 0. 0309 0. 0063 0. 0235 0. 0062 0. 0131 0. 0040 0. 1532 0. 0069 0. 0586 0. 0041 0. 0498 0. 0041 0. 0055 0. 0021 685 0. 0311 0. 0065 0. 0236 0. 0063 0. 0132 0. 0041 0. 1568 0. 0070 0. 0582 0. 0042 0. 0485 0. 0041 0. 00565 0. 0021 725 0. 0312 0. 0066 0. 0237 0. 0062 0. 0132 0. 0041 0. 1595 0. 0073 0. 0573 0. 0042 0. 0490 0. 0042 0. 0059 0. 0021 765 0. 0311 0. 0068 0. 0236 0. 0062 0. 0131 0. 0041 0. 1581 0. 0071 0. 0568 0. 0042 0. 0459 0. 0042 0. 0057 0. 0021 805 0. 0312 0. 0069 0. 0237 0. 0063 0. 0131 0. 0042 0. 1580 0. 0073 0. 0546 0. 0041 0. 0444 0. 0043 0. 0059 0. 0021 845 0. 0313 0. 0073 0. 0239 0. 0063 0. 0132 0. 0044 0. 1603 0. 0074 0. 0537 0. 0042 0. 0426 0. 0043 0. 0058 0. 0021 885 0. 0316 0. 0080 0. 0241 0. 0065 0. 0133 0. 0045 0. 1547 0. 0074 0. 0503 0. 0042 0. 0404 0. 0045 0. 0058 0. 0022 280 Appendix A: Tables of Radiative Characteristics and Optical Parameters of the Atmosphere Table A.8. (continued) P (mbar) λ (nm) 950 900 850 800 700 600 500 925 0. 0318 0. 0086 0. 0243 0. 0066 0. 0135 0. 0049 0. 1530 0. 0074 0. 0477 0. 0043 0. 0387 0. 0047 0. 0057 0. 0022 945 0. 0403 0. 0089 0. 0245 0. 0067 0. 0136 0. 0051 0. 1502 0. 0076 0. 0470 0. 0043 0. 0381 0. 0048 0. 0058 0. 0022 955 0. 0374 0. 0093 0. 0246 0. 0069 0. 0136 0. 0053 0. 1494 0. 0078 0. 0464 0. 0043 0. 0352 0. 0049 0. 0054 0. 0022 985 0. 0321 0. 0099 0. 0247 0. 0070 0. 0137 0. 0057 0. 1508 0. 0077 0. 0448 0. 0044 0. 0345 0. 0050 0. 0052 0. 0023 ∗ Upper value is the arithmetic mean scattering coefficient, lower value is the standard deviation (km −1 ) Appendix A: Tables of Radiative Characteristics and Optical Parameters of the Atmosphere 281 Table A.9. Volume coefficients of the aerosol absorption (km −1 ) retrieved from the airborne radiative sounding 16 Oct. 1983 above the Kara-Kum desert ∗ (continued on next page) P (mbar) λ (nm) 950 900 850 800 700 600 500 325 0. 0053 0. 0160 0. 0044 0. 0108 0. 0046 0. 0088 0. 0050 0. 0075 0. 0012 0. 0037 0. 0009 0. 0040 0. 0013 0. 0016 345 0. 0051 0. 0161 0. 0043 0. 0107 0. 0046 0. 0088 0. 0040 0. 0076 0. 0012 0. 0037 0. 0010 0. 0041 0. 0016 0. 0016 365 0. 0064 0. 0160 0. 0053 0. 0102 0. 0049 0. 0086 0. 0066 0. 0074 0. 0014 0. 0037 0. 0010 0. 0038 0. 0004 0. 0016 385 0. 0076 0. 0153 0. 0062 0. 0968 0. 0052 0. 0083 0. 0082 0. 0070 0. 0015 0. 0035 0. 0011 0. 0036 0. 0005 0. 0016 405 0. 0081 0. 0152 0. 0066 0. 0946 0. 0053 0. 0081 0. 0119 0. 0069 0. 0016 0. 0035 0. 0011 0. 0035 0. 0005 0. 0016 425 0. 0075 0. 0156 0. 0061 0. 0974 0. 0052 0. 0083 0. 0095 0. 0071 0. 0015 0. 0036 0. 0010 0. 0036 0. 00045 0. 0016 445 0. 0068 0. 0157 0. 0056 0. 0100 0. 0050 0. 0085 0. 0074 0. 0072 0. 0014 0. 0036 0. 0010 0. 0037 0. 0004 0. 0016 465 0. 0061 0. 0161 0. 0050 0. 0103 0. 0048 0. 0087 0. 0052 0. 0074 0. 0013 0. 0037 0. 0010 0. 0038 0. 0004 0. 0016 485 0. 0053 0. 0162 0. 0044 0. 0106 0. 0046 0. 0089 0. 0031 0. 0075 0. 0012 0. 0037 0. 0009 0. 0039 0. 0013 0. 0016 505 0. 0046 0. 0158 0. 0038 0. 0107 0. 0044 0. 0089 0. 0029 0. 0075 0. 0011 0. 0036 0. 0009 0. 0039 0. 0023 0. 0016 525 0. 0045 0. 0159 0. 0037 0. 0107 0. 0043 0. 0089 0. 0029 0. 0075 0. 0011 0. 0036 0. 0008 0. 0039 0. 0028 0. 0016 545 0. 0043 0. 0157 0. 0036 0. 0106 0. 0043 0. 0089 0. 0028 0. 0075 0. 0011 0. 0035 0. 0008 0. 0038 0. 0029 0. 0016 565 0. 0042 0. 0155 0. 0035 0. 0105 0. 0042 0. 0089 0. 0026 0. 0075 0. 0010 0. 0035 0. 0008 0. 0038 0. 0030 0. 0015 585 0. 0041 0. 0153 0. 0034 0. 0105 0. 0042 0. 0088 0. 0027 0. 0074 0. 0010 0. 0034 0. 0008 0. 0037 0. 0030 0. 0015 625 0. 0038 0. 0147 0. 0041 0. 0103 0. 0040 0. 0087 0. 0026 0. 0074 0. 0009 0. 0033 0. 0008 0. 0035 0. 0034 0. 0015 645 0. 0037 0. 0144 0. 0031 0. 0102 0. 0039 0. 0085 0. 0025 0. 0073 0. 0009 0. 0032 0. 0008 0. 0034 0. 0034 0. 0014 665 0. 0035 0. 0140 0. 0040 0. 0100 0. 0039 0. 0084 0. 0025 0. 0072 0. 0009 0. 0031 0. 0007 0. 0033 0. 0033 0. 0014 685 0. 0034 0. 0135 0. 0034 0. 0982 0. 0038 0. 0083 0. 0024 0. 0071 0. 0008 0. 0030 0. 0007 0. 0032 0. 0033 0. 0014 725 0. 0034 0. 0136 0. 0040 0. 0980 0. 0038 0. 0083 0. 0024 0. 0071 0. 0008 0. 0030 0. 0007 0. 0032 0. 0035 0. 0014 765 0. 0034 0. 0137 0. 0042 0. 0987 0. 0038 0. 0084 0. 0024 0. 0072 0. 0009 0. 0030 0. 0007 0. 0032 0. 0035 0. 0014 805 0. 0034 0. 0137 0. 0029 0. 0985 0. 0038 0. 0084 0. 0024 0. 0072 0. 0009 0. 0030 0. 0007 0. 0032 0. 0036 0. 0014 845 0. 0033 0. 0134 0. 0030 0. 0967 0. 0037 0. 0083 0. 00237 0. 00712 0. 00082 0. 00296 0. 0007 0. 0031 0. 0035 0. 0013 885 0. 0031 0. 0127 0. 0026 0. 0931 0. 0036 0. 0081 0. 0023 0. 0070 0. 0008 0. 0028 0. 0007 0. 0029 0. 0035 0. 0013 925 0. 0029 0. 0119 0. 0024 0. 0885 0. 0034 0. 0077 0. 0021 0. 0067 0. 0007 0. 0026 0. 0006 0. 0026 0. 0034 0. 0012 282 Appendix A: Tables of Radiative Characteristics and Optical Parameters of the Atmosphere Table A.9. (continued) P (mbar) λ (nm) 950 900 850 800 700 600 500 945 0. 0028 0. 0115 0. 0037 0. 0866 0. 0033 0. 0075 0. 0021 0. 0066 0. 0007 0. 0025 0. 0006 0. 0025 0. 0035 0. 0012 955 0. 0027 0. 0114 0. 0023 0. 0851 0. 0032 0. 0074 0. 0020 0. 0066 0. 0007 0. 0025 0. 0006 0. 0025 0. 0032 0. 0011 985 0. 0026 0. 0108 0. 0022 0. 0817 0. 0031 0. 0071 0. 0019 0. 0064 0. 0006 0. 0024 0. 0006 0. 0023 0. 0032 0. 0010 ∗ The upper value is the arithmetic mean absorption coefficient, the lower value is the standard deviation (km −1 ) Appendix A: Tables of Radiative Characteristics and Optical Parameters of the Atmosphere 283 Table A.10. Volume coefficients of aerosol scattering (km −1 ) retrieved from airborne radia- tive sounding 29 Apr. 1985 above the Ladoga Lake ∗ (continued on next page) P (mbar) λ (nm) 950 900 850 800 700 600 500 325 0. 563 0. 027 0. 435 0. 013 0. 309 0. 012 0. 244 0. 009 0. 0982 0. 0051 0. 0689 0. 0032 0. 0082 0. 0016 345 0. 537 0. 026 0. 419 0. 012 0. 309 0. 012 0. 239 0. 009 0. 0989 0. 0051 0. 0726 0. 0033 0. 0074 0. 0016 365 0. 501 0. 026 0. 404 0. 012 0. 308 0. 012 0. 243 0. 009 0. 0925 0. 0050 0. 0718 0. 0033 0. 0064 0. 0016 385 0. 455 0. 024 0. 408 0. 013 0. 307 0. 012 0. 248 0. 009 0. 0102 0. 0050 0. 0705 0. 0032 0. 0076 0. 0016 405 0. 465 0. 024 0. 388 0. 013 0. 292 0. 012 0. 241 0. 009 0. 0955 0. 0050 0. 0720 0. 0032 0. 0079 0. 0015 425 0. 450 0. 024 0. 383 0. 013 0. 295 0. 012 0. 235 0. 009 0. 0101 0. 0048 0. 0716 0. 0032 0. 0077 0. 0015 445 0. 449 0. 023 0. 373 0. 011 0. 294 0. 011 0. 237 0. 009 0. 0950 0. 0049 0. 0727 0. 0032 0. 0080 0. 0014 465 0. 428 0. 023 0. 371 0. 011 0. 280 0. 011 0. 235 0. 009 0. 0949 0. 0047 0. 0736 0. 0032 0. 0075 0. 0014 485 0. 418 0. 023 0. 361 0. 011 0. 277 0. 011 0. 237 0. 009 0. 0939 0. 0047 0. 0685 0. 0031 0. 0068 0. 0014 505 0. 418 0. 023 0. 361 0. 011 0. 280 0. 011 0. 236 0. 009 0. 0104 0. 0048 0. 0725 0. 0032 0. 0070 0. 0014 525 0. 385 0. 022 0. 349 0. 011 0. 272 0. 011 0. 246 0. 009 0. 0961 0. 0047 0. 0669 0. 0031 0. 0071 0. 0014 545 0. 378 0. 022 0. 342 0. 011 0. 275 0. 011 0. 236 0. 009 0. 0943 0. 0046 0. 0666 0. 0031 0. 0071 0. 0014 565 0. 370 0. 022 0. 341 0. 011 0. 275 0. 011 0. 233 0. 009 0. 0924 0. 0047 0. 0662 0. 0031 0. 0074 0. 0014 385 0. 455 0. 024 0. 408 0. 013 0. 307 0. 012 0. 248 0. 009 0. 0102 0. 0050 0. 0705 0. 0032 0. 0076 0. 0016 405 0. 465 0. 024 0. 388 0. 013 0. 292 0. 012 0. 241 0. 009 0. 0955 0. 0050 0. 0720 0. 0032 0. 0079 0. 0015 425 0. 450 0. 024 0. 383 0. 013 0. 295 0. 012 0. 235 0. 009 0. 0101 0. 0048 0. 0716 0. 0032 0. 0077 0. 0015 445 0. 449 0. 023 0. 373 0. 011 0. 294 0. 011 0. 237 0. 009 0. 0950 0. 0049 0. 0727 0. 0032 0. 0080 0. 0014 465 0. 428 0. 023 0. 371 0. 011 0. 280 0. 011 0. 235 0. 009 0. 0949 0. 0047 0. 0736 0. 0032 0. 0075 0. 0014 485 0. 418 0. 023 0. 361 0. 011 0. 277 0. 011 0. 237 0. 009 0. 0939 0. 0047 0. 0685 0. 0031 0. 0068 0. 0014 505 0. 418 0. 023 0. 361 0. 011 0. 280 0. 011 0. 236 0. 009 0. 0104 0. 0048 0. 0725 0. 0032 0. 0070 0. 0014 525 0. 385 0. 022 0. 349 0. 011 0. 272 0. 011 0. 246 0. 009 0. 0961 0. 0047 0. 0669 0. 0031 0. 0071 0. 0014 545 0. 378 0. 022 0. 342 0. 011 0. 275 0. 011 0. 236 0. 009 0. 0943 0. 0046 0. 0666 0. 0031 0. 0071 0. 0014 565 0. 370 0. 022 0. 341 0. 011 0. 275 0. 011 0. 233 0. 009 0. 0924 0. 0047 0. 0662 0. 0031 0. 0074 0. 0014 585 0. 339 0. 021 0. 332 0. 010 0. 265 0. 011 0. 229 0. 009 0. 0958 0. 0046 0. 0706 0. 0032 0. 0067 0. 0014 284 Appendix A: Tables of Radiative Characteristics and Optical Parameters of the Atmosphere Table A.10. (continued) P (mbar) λ (nm) 950 900 850 800 700 600 500 605 0. 322 0. 021 0. 322 0. 010 0. 262 0. 011 0. 231 0. 009 0. 0941 0. 0046 0. 0669 0. 0031 0. 0072 0. 0014 625 0. 317 0. 021 0. 321 0. 010 0. 258 0. 011 0. 227 0. 009 0. 0947 0. 0046 0. 0683 0. 0031 0. 0071 0. 0014 645 0. 299 0. 020 0. 314 0. 010 0. 251 0. 012 0. 233 0. 009 0. 0953 0. 0046 0. 0715 0. 0032 0. 0063 0. 0014 665 0. 327 0. 020 0. 312 0. 010 0. 252 0. 011 0. 233 0. 009 0. 0941 0. 0046 0. 0641 0. 0031 0. 0060 0. 0013 685 0. 312 0. 020 0. 311 0. 010 0. 248 0. 010 0. 231 0. 009 0. 0939 0. 0046 0. 0723 0. 0031 0. 0068 0. 0013 725 0. 299 0. 019 0. 302 0. 010 0. 241 0. 010 0. 233 0. 009 0. 0957 0. 0046 0. 0717 0. 0031 0. 0072 0. 0013 765 0. 279 0. 019 0. 292 0. 010 0. 239 0. 010 0. 232 0. 008 0. 0952 0. 0045 0. 0723 0. 0032 0. 0066 0. 0013 805 0. 262 0. 019 0. 288 0. 010 0. 233 0. 010 0. 228 0. 008 0. 0959 0. 0045 0. 0714 0. 0032 0. 0069 0. 0013 845 0. 243 0. 019 0. 283 0. 010 0. 228 0. 010 0. 229 0. 008 0. 0961 0. 0045 0. 0723 0. 0031 0. 0064 0. 0013 885 0. 238 0. 019 0. 279 0. 010 0. 224 0. 010 0. 226 0. 008 0. 0914 0. 0044 0. 0750 0. 0032 0. 0072 0. 0013 925 0. 226 0. 018 0. 264 0. 009 0. 225 0. 010 0. 233 0. 008 0. 0891 0. 0043 0. 0733 0. 0031 0. 0061 0. 0013 945 0. 173 0. 018 0. 257 0. 009 0. 222 0. 010 0. 229 0. 008 0. 0942 0. 0045 0. 0724 0. 0031 0. 0058 0. 0013 955 0. 168 0. 018 0. 257 0. 009 0. 221 0. 010 0. 225 0. 008 0. 0922 0. 0045 0. 0749 0. 0032 0. 0068 0. 0013 985 0. 135 0. 018 0. 254 0. 009 0. 218 0. 010 0. 227 0. 008 0. 0893 0. 0044 0. 0728 0. 0031 0. 0067 0. 0013 ∗ Upper value – arithmetic mean scattering coefficient, lower value – standard deviation (km −1 ) Appendix A: Tables of Radiative Characteristics and Optical Parameters of the Atmosphere 285 Table A.11. Volume coefficients of the aerosol absorption (km −1 ) retrieved from airborne radiative sounding 29 Apr. 1985 above the Ladoga Lake ∗ (continued on next page) P (mbar) λ (nm) 950 900 850 800 700 600 500 325 0. 0221 0. 0282 0. 0076 0. 0106 0. 0049 0. 0068 0. 0018 0. 0052 0. 0021 0. 0044 0. 0027 0. 0027 0. 0049 0. 0021 345 0. 0228 0. 0280 0. 0078 0. 0106 0. 0073 0. 0068 0. 0018 0. 0052 0. 0021 0. 0044 0. 0013 0. 0026 0. 0044 0. 0021 365 0. 0225 0. 0278 0. 0077 0. 0106 0. 0065 0. 0068 0. 0018 0. 0052 0. 0021 0. 0043 0. 0019 0. 0026 0. 0038 0. 0021 385 0. 0227 0. 0276 0. 0077 0. 0106 0. 0050 0. 0068 0. 0018 0. 0052 0. 0021 0. 0043 0. 0025 0. 0026 0. 0046 0. 0021 405 0. 0226 0. 0281 0. 0078 0. 0105 0. 0049 0. 0068 0. 0018 0. 0052 0. 0021 0. 0043 0. 0021 0. 0026 0. 0048 0. 0020 425 0. 0224 0. 0280 0. 0076 0. 0105 0. 0049 0. 0069 0. 0018 0. 0052 0. 0022 0. 0042 0. 0025 0. 0026 0. 0047 0. 0020 445 0. 0225 0. 0280 0. 0077 0. 0105 0. 0049 0. 0068 0. 0018 0. 0052 0. 0020 0. 0042 0. 0023 0. 0026 0. 0048 0. 0020 465 0. 0223 0. 0283 0. 0076 0. 0105 0. 0049 0. 0068 0. 0018 0. 0052 0. 0020 0. 0042 0. 0018 0. 0026 0. 0045 0. 0020 485 0. 0225 0. 0282 0. 0076 0. 0104 0. 0049 0. 0069 0. 0017 0. 0052 0. 0020 0. 0041 0. 0017 0. 0027 0. 0041 0. 0020 505 0. 0222 0. 0284 0. 0075 0. 0105 0. 0049 0. 0069 0. 0017 0. 0052 0. 0020 0. 0041 0. 0016 0. 0026 0. 0042 0. 0020 525 0. 0221 0. 0285 0. 0075 0. 0104 0. 0049 0. 0069 0. 0017 0. 0052 0. 0020 0. 0041 0. 0019 0. 0026 0. 0043 0. 0020 545 0. 0222 0. 0284 0. 0075 0. 0104 0. 0049 0. 0070 0. 0017 0. 0052 0. 0020 0. 0040 0. 0027 0. 0026 0. 0043 0. 0020 565 0. 0220 0. 0286 0. 0075 0. 0104 0. 0048 0. 0070 0. 0017 0. 0052 0. 0020 0. 0040 0. 0021 0. 0026 0. 0044 0. 0020 585 0. 0222 0. 0282 0. 0075 0. 0103 0. 0048 0. 0071 0. 0017 0. 0052 0. 0020 0. 0040 0. 0037 0. 0027 0. 0040 0. 0019 605 0. 0221 0. 0285 0. 0074 0. 0103 0. 0048 0. 0071 0. 0017 0. 0052 0. 0020 0. 0039 0. 0033 0. 0026 0. 0044 0. 0019 625 0. 0218 0. 0285 0. 0074 0. 0102 0. 0048 0. 0071 0. 0017 0. 0052 0. 0020 0. 0039 0. 0016 0. 0026 0. 0043 0. 0019 645 0. 0220 0. 0282 0. 0074 0. 0100 0. 0048 0. 0071 0. 0017 0. 0051 0. 0020 0. 0038 0. 0036 0. 0027 0. 0038 0. 0019 665 0. 0220 0. 0282 0. 0074 0. 0998 0. 0048 0. 0071 0. 0017 0. 0051 0. 0019 0. 0038 0. 0036 0. 0026 0. 0036 0. 0019 685 0. 0217 0. 0284 0. 0073 0. 0991 0. 0048 0. 0072 0. 0017 0. 0051 0. 0019 0. 0038 0. 0033 0. 0026 0. 0041 0. 0019 725 0. 0219 0. 0284 0. 0073 0. 0976 0. 0048 0. 0072 0. 0017 0. 0051 0. 0019 0. 0037 0. 0037 0. 0026 0. 0043 0. 0018 765 0. 0216 0. 0283 0. 0072 0. 0959 0. 0048 0. 0072 0. 0017 0. 0050 0. 0019 0. 0036 0. 0032 0. 0026 0. 0040 0. 0018 805 0. 0217 0. 0280 0. 0072 0. 0943 0. 0047 0. 0072 0. 0021 0. 0050 0. 0019 0. 0035 0. 0038 0. 0026 0. 0042 0. 0018 845 0. 0217 0. 0279 0. 0072 0. 0927 0. 0047 0. 0071 0. 0016 0. 0049 0. 0019 0. 0034 0. 0036 0. 0026 0. 0038 0. 0017 885 0. 0214 0. 0281 0. 0071 0. 0917 0. 0047 0. 0072 0. 0016 0. 0049 0. 0019 0. 0034 0. 0027 0. 0026 0. 0044 0. 0017 286 Appendix A: Tables of Radiative Characteristics and Optical Parameters of the Atmosphere Table A.11. (continued) P (mbar) λ (nm) 950 900 850 800 700 600 500 925 0. 0214 0. 0278 0. 0071 0. 0909 0. 0047 0. 0072 0. 0016 0. 0049 0. 0019 0. 0033 0. 0037 0. 0026 0. 0037 0. 0017 945 0. 0215 0. 0279 0. 0071 0. 0898 0. 0047 0. 0072 0. 0018 0. 0049 0. 0020 0. 0033 0. 0038 0. 0026 0. 0035 0. 0017 955 0. 0216 0. 0276 0. 0071 0. 0894 0. 0047 0. 0073 0. 0016 0. 0048 0. 0027 0. 0032 0. 0034 0. 0026 0. 0041 0. 0017 985 0. 0215 0. 0277 0. 0071 0. 0883 0. 0047 0. 0072 0. 0016 0. 0048 0. 0023 0. 0032 0. 0037 0. 0026 0. 0041 0. 0016 ∗ The upper value is the arithmetic mean scattering coefficient, the lower value is the standard deviation Appendix A: Tables of Radiative Characteristics and Optical Parameters of the Atmosphere 287 Table A.12. Volume coefficients of absorption κ and scattering α (km −1 ) retrieved from the airborne radiative observation in the overcast sky (continued on next page) λ (nm) The Black Sea 10.04.1971 The Azov Sea 05.10.1972 Rustavi city 05.12.1972 GATE 12.07.1974 GATE 4.08.1974 The Ladoga Lake 20.04.1985 κακακακακακα 400 0.0260 67.5 0.2903 60.7 0.1000 7.80 0.3069 31.9 0.2340 32.8 0.0145 56.8 410 0.0253 65.7 0.2873 60.3 0.0945 5.54 0.3065 31.7 0.2400 31.0 0.0068 56.0 420 0.0257 64.8 0.1708 59.6 0.0931 5.86 0.3053 31.5 0.2387 32.4 0.0000 55.6 430 0.0372 65.7 0.1334 57.4 0.0903 5.86 0.3031 31.1 0.2357 33.0 0.0012 54.4 440 0.0123 66.5 0.1089 58.0 0.0903 5.93 0.3004 32.1 0.2240 35.6 0.0031 53.6 450 0.0371 65.0 0.1132 55.0 0.0903 6.17 0.2954 33.2 0.2110 37.6 0.0086 51.7 460 0.0395 65.2 0.0470 53.5 0.0917 6.45 0.2966 31.1 0.2301 36.8 0.0130 50.4 470 0.0486 64.7 0.0354 54.7 0.0931 5.87 0.2946 31.9 0.2281 35.6 0.0132 47.2 480 0.0426 62.0 0.0299 54.8 0.0910 5.80 0.2903 31.5 0.2013 36.8 0.0135 43.6 490 0.0432 61.5 0.0259 53.1 0.0910 5.79 0.2895 31.4 0.1994 37.8 0.0123 42.0 500 0.0274 60.4 0.0817 53.5 0.0903 5.74 0.2876 30.7 0.1976 39.3 0.0110 40.2 510 0.0183 59.7 0.1416 52.0 0.0903 5.88 0.2894 30.4 0.2045 38.6 0.0156 39.3 520 0.0510 60.1 0.1860 52.4 0.0945 6.06 0.2913 30.0 0.2355 38.3 0.0224 38.6 530 0.0366 56.0 0.2043 50.9 0.0890 5.83 0.2938 29.8 0.2519 37.9 0.0198 38.5 540 0.0335 55.3 0.1177 48.5 0.0876 5.98 0.2980 29.7 0.2528 37.0 0.0309 37.2 550 0.0478 54.2 0.1177 47.5 0.0876 5.97 0.2945 28.5 0.2544 36.8 0.0367 37.3 560 0.0426 54.2 0.1177 45.7 0.0855 6.10 0.2965 27.7 0.2585 36.8 0.0405 36.6 570 0.0500 53.2 0.1330 46.1 0.0862 6.07 0.2983 27.0 0.2580 35.5 0.0435 36.1 580 0.0481 52.2 0.1330 43.9 0.0862 5.82 0.2952 27.4 0.2558 34.8 0.0468 35.4 590 0.0585 50.8 0.1369 44.8 0.0876 5.83 0.2962 26.8 0.2560 34.6 0.0477 34.8 600 0.0558 50.0 0.1404 44.0 0.0848 6.16 0.2904 27.3 0.2435 34.4 0.0497 34.1 610 0.0634 50.1 0.1404 43.2 0.0864 5.97 0.2897 28.4 0.2406 34.1 0.0488 33.9 620 0.0478 48.9 0.1437 42.8 0.0855 5.92 0.2914 28.4 0.2477 35.7 0.0491 33.6 630 0.0622 48.5 0.1465 42.6 0.0869 5.91 0.2936 28.2 0.2510 36.3 0.0532 32.3 640 0.0375 48.3 0.1368 42.4 0.0765 5.72 0.2924 28.3 0.2479 35.4 0.0559 31.1 650 0.0422 47.6 0.1261 42.0 0.0871 6.05 0.2918 28.6 0.2381 33.7 0.0603 30.6 660 0.0476 47.5 0.1052 41.3 0.0945 6.12 0.2885 29.0 0.2327 35.8 0.0644 30.8 670 0.0419 47.0 0.0950 41.8 0.0863 5.84 0.2960 28.4 0.2438 36.2 0.0688 30.8 680 0.0514 47.5 0.1411 42.0 0.0848 5.79 0.3120 25.6 0.2302 31.9 0.0724 32.4 690 0.0959 44.9 0.1205 41.3 0.0821 5.40 0.3012 30.0 0.2677 35.9 0.0746 31.5 700 0.0607 45.0 0.150 41.0 0.1099 5.20 0.2940 20.3 0.2420 25.6 0.0786 28.2 710 0.0552 44.3 0.1614 41.1 0.0876 5.73 0.2903 20.5 0.2563 24.9 0.0814 28.8 720 0.1170 44.5 0.1603 40.7 0.0882 5.75 0.3128 21.3 0.2688 24.7 0.0909 29.6 730 0.1105 40.7 0.1463 40.9 0.1523 5.98 0.3077 23.0 0.2490 29.3 0.0552 26.4 740 0.0628 41.3 0.1104 40.2 0. 0876 5.77 0.2977 23.3 0.2432 24.2 0.0451 25.4 750 0.0672 42.5 0.1182 40.6 0.0869 5.74 0.3330 24.0 0.2845 23.5 0.0467 25.7 760 0.2165 42.0 0.1463 40.7 0.0848 5.71 0.3723 25.8 0.3075 34.5 0.0667 25.4 770 0.0691 41.8 0.0796 40.1 0.0828 6.82 0.3102 24.3 0.2889 33.2 0.0559 25.1 780 0.0629 40.6 0.0280 39.5 0.0876 6.47 0.2877 24.0 0.2547 32.6 0.0405 24.6 790 0.0660 40.7 0.0206 38.9 0.0848 6.18 0.2900 23.2 0.2300 31.7 0.0542 23.8 800 0.0589 40.2 0.0542 39.0 0.0910 6.30 0.2933 20.5 0.2474 30.8 0.0637 23.4 [...]... the inverse problem 153 industrial pollution 240 in nite atmosphere 208 – spherical albedo 208 inhomogeneity 229 inhomogeneous cloud layer 232 inhomogeneous clouds 210 initial atmospheric parameters 47 initial processing 80 initial spectrum 108 Index instrumental function 8, 171, 193 integral operator 180 integration 151 intensity of radiation 2 interactive regime 81 internal mixture 255 internal radiation. .. According to the definition, values n, assuming the ground albedo in uence, ¯ are expressed with the following: 2 ¯ = l − Amn l 1 − Aa∞ and n = ¯ n 1 − Aa∞ Substituting (B.3) to (B.2) the intermediate relation is obtained: ↑ F ↓ = (a(µ0 ) − F0 ) 1 exp(−kτ) ¯ 1 − Aa∞ l (B.4) Raise to the square both parts of (B.4), substituting the expression for exp(−2kτ), and deleting the common multilayer, obtain the. .. conservative scattering 25, 67, 70, 206, 207, 217, 221, 250 constraints 145 continuality 228 continuous random values 49 correcting factors 81 correlation 149 counter 50, 181 – writing 50 counting concentrations 184 covariance matrix 100 , 150, 192 cross-section – absorption 10, 174 – extinction 10 297 Index – molecular absorption 186 – scattering 10 dust gaze 105 dust storm 105 D E data interpretation 213... of the reflection function 64 hematite 105 , 249 Henyey-Greenstein approximation 30 Henyey-Greenstein function 59, 114, 169 H2 O content 195 homogeneous atmosphere 27 horizontal inhomogeneity 246 hydrophilic atmospheric aerosols 40 I illumination unevenness 83 improved convergence 147 incident angle 3 incident flux 7 incident solar angle 214 incident solar flux 208, 217 incident solar spectrum 171 incorrectness... solar constant 7, 64 solar extraterrestrial flux 87 solar flux – extraterrestrial 29 – incident 208, 217 solar irradiance 24, 85 – downwelling 79 – upwelling 79 solar irradiance calculation 177 solar radiance 107 , 208 – reflected 215 solar radiation absorption 102 solar spectral irradiance 167 solar spectral radiance 136 302 solar zenith angle 92, 208 solution accuracy 144 solution of inverse problem 138... radiation budget 115 radiation characteristic 54 radiation extinction 10 radiation field 3, 21 radiation flux 3 radiation observation 78 radiation scattering 10 radiative balance 40 radiative characteristics 67, 133, 205 radiative flux divergence 6, 59, 81, 85, 102 , 229 radiative forcing 115 radiative properties of clouds 116 radiative regime of the atmosphere 79 radiative transfer 20, 170, 190, 210 – equation... both parts by polynomial 1 − 3δs + 19q 2 s2 , keeping the items with the first and the second power of s, collecting the likewise terms and obtain the linear equation respected to value s2 : ↑ ↑ 2 1 − 3δs + 18q 2 s2 (1 − F0 )2 + 2s2 (1 − F0 )a2 (µ0 ) − 16s2 K0 (µ0 ) = F↓2 (1 − A)2 − 24q F↓2 A(1 − A)s2 − 16F↓2 A2 s2 ↑ (B .10) ↓ Assuming that 1 − F0 = F0 and F1 (1 − A) = F1 are the net fluxes at the top... reflected 57 Index – reflected scattered 27 – solar 107 , 208 – solar spectral 136 – spectral, transmitted 122 – transmitted 57 – transmitted scattered 27 radiance observation 83 radiation 20 – angular dependence 226 – diffused 190, 226 – diffused solar 1 – direct 1, 23 – intensity 2 – reflected solar 1 – scattered 23 – short-wave 40, 115 – shortwave solar 20 radiation absorption 10, 59, 206, 222, 252 radiation. .. Optical Parameters of the Atmosphere Table A.15 The single scattering albedo and optical thickness at different levels of the stratus cloud from airborne spectral irradiance observation 20 Apr 1985 above the Ladoga Lake z (km) λ (nm) 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 430 450 470 490 500 510 530 550 570 590 600 610 630 650 670 690 700 710 730 750 770 790 800 810 830 850 870 890 900 910 930 950 960 1.4–1.3... radiation field 65 internal standard 81 internal standard spectra 81 internal sublayers 212 interpolation 151 inverse asymptotic formula 246 inverse expressions 231 inverse formulas 212 inverse problem 68, 201, 228 – incorrectness 153 – of atmospheric optics 133, 205 – solution 138, 164 inverse problem solving 192 – algorithms 167 irradiance 3, 103 , 221 – diffused 65, 69 – downwelling 6, 95, 178, 208 . 40 I illumination unevenness 83 improved convergence 147 incident angle 3 incident flux 7 incident solar angle 214 incident solar flux 208, 217 incident solar spectrum 171 incorrectness of the inverse. processing 80 initial spectrum 108 instrumental function 8, 171, 193 integral operator 180 integration 151 intensity of radiation 2 interactive regime 81 internal mixture 255 internal radiation. A) 2 −16A 2 s 2 −24q As 2 ). (B.9) Divide both parts by polynomial 1 − 3δs +19q 2 s 2 , keeping the items with the first and the second power of s, collecting the likewise terms and obtain the linear equation respec