upper respiratory tract infections pdf

... Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 5) Infections of the Ear and Mastoid Infections of the ear and associated structures can involve ... bacteria are known causes of these infections, some of which result in significant morbidity if not treated appropriately. Infections of the External Ear Structures Infections involving the structures...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... evident but is nonspecific as it is frequently seen in association with inflammation of the upper respiratory mucosa (e.g., during examination of young children). Other signs and symptoms that ... present. With bacterial infection, the tympanic membrane can also be erythematous, bulging, or retracted and occasionally can spontaneously perforate. The signs and symptoms accompanying infection ... relapse or reinfection, although data indicate that the majority of early recurrences are new infections. In general, the same pathogens responsible for acute otitis media cause recurrent disease;...

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Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:22

... Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 31. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Pharyngitis, ... Infections Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Introduction Infections of the upper respiratory tract (URIs) have a tremendous impact on public health. ... syndromes, acute infections are diagnosed largely on clinical grounds. Thus the judicious use of antibiotics in this setting is challenging. Nonspecific Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract Nonspecific...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... life-threatening infections. The best-known example is rhinocerebral mucormycosis caused by fungi of the order Mucorales, which includes Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Mucor, Absidia, and Cunninghamella. These infections ... aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter species. Often, these infections are polymicrobial and involve organisms that are highly resistant to numerous antibiotics. ... methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as an emerging cause. Anaerobes are occasionally found in association with infections of the roots of premolar teeth that spread into the adjacent maxillary sinuses. The...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... penicillin - resistant S. Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 3) Clinical Manifestations Most cases of acute sinusitis present ... viral infections such as the common cold and is not specific to bacterial infection. Other nonspecific manifestations include cough, sneezing, and fever. Tooth pain, most often involving the upper ... colds have sinus inflammation, although bacterial sinusitis complicates only 0.2–2% of these viral infections. Common presenting symptoms of sinusitis include nasal drainage and congestion, facial...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... associated with either bacteria Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 4) Acute Sinusitis: Treatment Most patients with a diagnosis...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... debridement, once an important component of the treatment approach, is now rarely indicated. Infections of Middle-Ear Structures Otitis media is an inflammatory condition of the middle ear...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... are usually evident on CT. Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 8) Serous Otitis Media In serous otitis media (otitis media with...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... only by the clinical history. Oropharyngeal infections range from mild, self-limited viral illnesses to serious, life-threatening bacterial infections. The most common presenting symptom ... each year are for sore throat; the majority of cases of acute pharyngitis are caused by typical respiratory viruses. The most important source of concern is infection with group A β-hemolytic ... estimated, since a significant proportion of cases (~30%) have no identified cause. Together, respiratory viruses are the most common identifiable cause of acute pharyngitis, with rhinoviruses...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... adenovirus, HSV, EBV, CMV, and M. pneumoniae, are available in some locations and can be used when these infections are suspected. The diagnosis of acute EBV infection depends primarily on the detection...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... resulting in mediastinitis, or it Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 11) Pharyngitis: Treatment Antibiotic treatment of pharyngitis ... cold sores, oral or IV acyclovir is often needed for primary infections, extensive oral infections, and from an infected or recently extracted tooth, most commonly the lower second and third molars. ... typically involves needle aspiration or incision and drainage. Oral Infections Aside from periodontal disease such as gingivitis, infections of the oral cavity most commonly involve HSV or Candida...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... copeptin, a novel biomarker, in lower respiratory tract infections. Eur J Clin Invest 2007, 37:145-152. 22. Christ-Crain M, Muller B: Biomarkers in respiratory tract infections: diagnostic guides ... for prediction of adverse medical outcome in community-acquired pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections Philipp Schuetz †1 , Marcel Wolbers †2,3 , Mirjam Christ-Crain 1 , Robert Thomann 1,4 , ... risk stratification in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and other lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Methods: We assessed clinical parameters and five biomarkers, the precursor...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:02

... and children in primary care Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is defined as any infectious disease of the upper or lower respiratory tract. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) include ... clinical guideline 69 – respiratory tract infections – antibiotic prescribing 13 1.3 Overview 1.3.1 Prescribing of antibiotics for self-limiting respiratory tract infections in adults and ... Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE Respiratory tract infections – antibiotic prescribing Prescribing of antibiotics for self-limiting respiratory tract infections in adults and children in...

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