upper respiratory tract infections antibiotics

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:22

... Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 31. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Pharyngitis, ... Infections Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Introduction Infections of the upper respiratory tract (URIs) have a tremendous impact on public health. ... syndromes, acute infections are diagnosed largely on clinical grounds. Thus the judicious use of antibiotics in this setting is challenging. Nonspecific Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract Nonspecific...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... pneumoniae, and Enterobacter species. Often, these infections are polymicrobial and involve organisms that are highly resistant to numerous antibiotics. Fungi are also established causes of ... life-threatening infections. The best-known example is rhinocerebral mucormycosis caused by fungi of the order Mucorales, which includes Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Mucor, Absidia, and Cunninghamella. These infections ... methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as an emerging cause. Anaerobes are occasionally found in association with infections of the roots of premolar teeth that spread into the adjacent maxillary sinuses. The...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... to antibiotics within 30 d, recent treatment failure, or >30% prevalence of penicillin - resistant S. Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ... viral infections such as the common cold and is not specific to bacterial infection. Other nonspecific manifestations include cough, sneezing, and fever. Tooth pain, most often involving the upper ... colds have sinus inflammation, although bacterial sinusitis complicates only 0.2–2% of these viral infections. Common presenting symptoms of sinusitis include nasal drainage and congestion, facial...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... associated with either bacteria Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 4) Acute Sinusitis: Treatment Most patients with a diagnosis ... patient's characteristics. Treatment of nosocomial sinusitis should begin with broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover common pathogens such as S. aureus and gram-negative bacilli. Therapy should ... 10–14 days, and patients with more severe symptoms (regardless of duration) should be treated with antibiotics (Table 31-1). Empirical therapy should consist of the narrowest-spectrum agent active...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... water). Antibiotics are most effective when given topically. Otic mixtures provide Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 5) Infections ... bacteria are known causes of these infections, some of which result in significant morbidity if not treated appropriately. Infections of the External Ear Structures Infections involving the structures ... warm compresses and oral antibiotics such as dicloxacillin that are active against typical skin and soft tissue pathogens (specifically, S. aureus and streptococci). IV antibiotics, such as a...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... debridement, once an important component of the treatment approach, is now rarely indicated. Infections of Middle-Ear Structures Otitis media is an inflammatory condition of the middle ear ... d otalgia, decreased hearing, tinnitus, vertigo, erythematous tympanic membrane Exposure to antibiotics within 30 d or recent treatment failure a,c Amoxicillin, 90 mg/kg qd (up to 2 ... mg/kg qd PO in divided doses (bid), or Ceftriaxone, 50 mg/kg IV/IM qd for 3 d Exposure to antibiotics within 30 d or recent treatment failure a,c Ceftriaxone, 50 mg/kg the development...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... recurrences are new infections. In general, the same pathogens responsible for acute otitis media cause recurrent disease; even so, the recommended treatment consists of antibiotics active against ... evident but is nonspecific as it is frequently seen in association with inflammation of the upper respiratory mucosa (e.g., during examination of young children). Other signs and symptoms that ... considerable debate on the usefulness of antibiotics for the treatment of acute otitis media. Although most cases resolve clinically 1 week after the onset of illness, antibiotics appear to be of some...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... are usually evident on CT. Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 8) Serous Otitis Media In serous otitis media (otitis media with ... usually requiring repeated courses of topical antibiotic drops during periods of drainage. Systemic antibiotics may offer better cure rates, but their role in the treatment of this condition remains ... Mastoiditis Acute mastoiditis was relatively common among children before the introduction of antibiotics. Because the mastoid air cells connect with the middle ear, the process of fluid collection...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... only by the clinical history. Oropharyngeal infections range from mild, self-limited viral illnesses to serious, life-threatening bacterial infections. The most common presenting symptom ... each year are for sore throat; the majority of cases of acute pharyngitis are caused by typical respiratory viruses. The most important source of concern is infection with group A β-hemolytic ... estimated, since a significant proportion of cases (~30%) have no identified cause. Together, respiratory viruses are the most common identifiable cause of acute pharyngitis, with rhinoviruses...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... adenovirus, HSV, EBV, CMV, and M. pneumoniae, are available in some locations and can be used when these infections are suspected. The diagnosis of acute EBV infection depends primarily on the detection...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... resulting in mediastinitis, or it Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 11) Pharyngitis: Treatment Antibiotic treatment of pharyngitis ... cold sores, oral or IV acyclovir is often needed for primary infections, extensive oral infections, and from an infected or recently extracted tooth, most commonly the lower second and third molars. ... typically involves needle aspiration or incision and drainage. Oral Infections Aside from periodontal disease such as gingivitis, infections of the oral cavity most commonly involve HSV or Candida...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... copeptin, a novel biomarker, in lower respiratory tract infections. Eur J Clin Invest 2007, 37:145-152. 22. Christ-Crain M, Muller B: Biomarkers in respiratory tract infections: diagnostic guides ... for prediction of adverse medical outcome in community-acquired pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections Philipp Schuetz †1 , Marcel Wolbers †2,3 , Mirjam Christ-Crain 1 , Robert Thomann 1,4 , ... risk stratification in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and other lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Methods: We assessed clinical parameters and five biomarkers, the precursor...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:02

... and children in primary care Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is defined as any infectious disease of the upper or lower respiratory tract. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) include ... clinical guideline 69 – respiratory tract infections – antibiotic prescribing 13 1.3 Overview 1.3.1 Prescribing of antibiotics for self-limiting respiratory tract infections in adults and ... Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE Respiratory tract infections – antibiotic prescribing Prescribing of antibiotics for self-limiting respiratory tract infections in adults and children in...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 13:20

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21