unit operations of water and wastewater treatment

PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 6 pps

PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 6 pps

... Control and Automation of Water and Wastewater Treatment and. .. Figure 6. 9 is used to mix alum in a water treatment plant The mixing power developed is 165 7.2 N·m/s and the ... cm from the bottom of the vessel. The tank is filled to a depth of 2.0 m and is mixing alum with raw water in a water treatment plant. The water is at a temperature of 25°C and the turbine is ... the rotation of the mixer providing the agitation. Generally, three types of mixers are used in the physical–chemical treatment of water and wastewater: rotational, pneumatic, and hydraulic

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PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 7 pdf

PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 7 pdf

... Sincero and G. A. Sincero 330 Physical–Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater FIGURE 7.4 (a) Sectional drawing of a plate -and- frame press (from T. Shriver and Co.); (b) an installation of ... examples of this unit operation of filtration used in practice include the filtration of water to produce drinking water in municipal and industrial water treatment plants, filtration of secondary ... silica sand, and garnet sand. Generally, two types of granular gravity filters are used: slow-sand and rapid- sand filters. In the main, these filters are differentiated by their rates of filtration.

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PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 8 ppsx

PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 8 ppsx

... of water Bulk density of carbon Osmotic pressure on feed side of RO units Osmotic pressure on permeate side of RO units PROBLEMS 8. 1 A wastewater containing a [Co] = 25 mg/L of ... area Time of operation Absolute velocity of bed Absolute superficial velocity of water Relative superficial velocity of flowing water relative to bed Volume of sample; volume of permeate ... flux and purity of product Flux, which is a rate of flow per unit area of membrane, is a function of membrane thickness, chemical composition of feed, membrane porosity, time of

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PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 11 pdf

PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 11 pdf

... Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater l LI Pblock... TX249_frame_C11.fm Page 534 Friday, June 14, 2002 2:27 PM 534 Physical Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater ... and B Gomolka (1991) Application of disk aerators to recarbonation of alkaline wastewater from wet gasification of carbide Water Science Technol Advanced Wastewater Treatment and ... Physical Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater FIGURE 11. 1 A water distribution pipe almost completely blocked with... equilibria in the treatment of natural waters Khimiya

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PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 12 ppsx

PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 12 ppsx

... This chapter applies the techniques of the unit process of coagulation to the treatment of water and wastewater for the removal of colloids that cause turbidity and color. It also discusses prerequisite ... understanding of coagulation such as the behavior of colloids, zeta potential, and colloid stability. It then treats the coagulation process, in general, and the unit process of the use of alum and ... the surface of the particle. Because of the affinity of these groups for water, the water is held tight on the surface. This water is called bound water and is fixed on the surface and moves

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PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 13 pdf

PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 13 pdf

... water Acidity to be added to water Gram equivalents per liter of acidity to be added to water Current alkalinity of water Gram equivalents per liter of current alkalinity of water ... hydroxide for removal of Cr(VI) and. .. Hedberg, T and T A Wahlberg (1997) Upgrading of waterworks with a new biooxidation process for removal of manganese and iron Water Science Technol., ... economics, iron and manganese removal are normally incorporated into water softening... constant of Mn ( OH ) 3 At a pH of 11.97 and dissolved solids of 140 mg/L, the concentration of − spMn

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PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 14 pps

PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 14 pps

... concentration of 35,000 mg/L of total solids is already very high and would not be encountered in the normal treatment of water and wastewater This concentration is representative of the ... Milligrams per liter of suspended solids in raw water Cubic meters of water treated Water of hydration of alum Activity coefficient of the calcium ion Activity coefficient of the hydrogen ... discussion on the modes of removal of the element. The chemical reactions of removal, unit operations of removal, chemical requirements, optimum pH range of operation, and sludge pro- duction

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PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 15 docx

PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 15 docx

... of moles of organisms per unit mole of sewage The units of Ydn are in terms of moles of organism per unit mole of nitrate nitrogen The units normally used in practice for Yc and ... knowl- edge of biological reactions to the treatment of water and wastewater, the chemical nature of these reactions must be given center stage. In other words, to control the process of removing ... P Sincero and G A... conditions are met 15. 7.1 UNITS OF CELL YIELDS Three types of cell yields are used in the previous derivations: Yc, Ydn, and Ydc The units of Yc and Ydc are

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PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 16 potx

PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 16 potx

... an interval 3 of regeneration of 8 h and assuming a rate of flow for the water treated of 75 m /d, the 3 volume of water treated is 75/24(8) = 25 m Thus, the wastewater produced ... principles of regeneration are discussed in the section on “Sodium, Hydrogen Cycle, and Regeneration.” 16.2 UNIT OPERATIONS OF ION EXCHANGE Figure 16.1 shows the schematics of the unit operations of ... loss and pumping consideration is the unit operation of ion exchange. The unit operations of head losses are similar to those of granular filtration discussed in Part II. The unit operation of pumping

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PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 17 (END) ppt

PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 17 (END) ppt

... for a wastewater 3 treatment plant processing an average of 25,000 m /d of wastewater The peaking factor is 3.0 and the... odorous substances is a major concern of water treatment ... substances that could be present in the raw water and raw wastewater and treated water and treated wastewater are ferrous, manganous, nitrites, and hydrogen sulfide Thus, these are the ... Sterilization is not often practiced in the treatment of water and wastewater. Thus, this chapter will only discuss the unit process of disinfection. This discussion will include methods of disinfection,

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PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 0 pdf

PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER - CHAPTER 0 pdf

... Physical Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater This chapter begins by defining wastewater and physical chemical treatment of water and wastewater and treats briefly ... of Water and Wastewater, covers the chapters on quantity and constituent physical and chemical characteristics of water and wastewater Part II, Unit Operations of Water ... topics of water and wastewater characterization, quantitation, and population projection, this book covers the unit operations and unit processes in the physical–chemical treatment of water and wastewater.

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handbook of water and wastewater treatment plant operations frank r. spellman

handbook of water and wastewater treatment plant operations frank r. spellman

... testing, water sources, and watershed protection All of these important topics are thoroughly discussed in Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations Though directed at water and wastewater ... 4.17 Water/ Wastewater Operations: Math and Technical Aspects Water and Wastewater Math Operations Introduction Calculation Steps Table of Equivalents, Formulae, and Symbols Typical Water and Wastewater ... security of their critical water and wastewater infrastructure The nation’s water and wastewater infrastructure consisting of several thousand publicly owned water and wastewater treatment plants, more...

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Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 1 ppsx

Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 1 ppsx

... testing, water sources, and watershed protection All of these important topics are thoroughly discussed in Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations Though directed at water and wastewater ... 4.17 Water/ Wastewater Operations: Math and Technical Aspects Water and Wastewater Math Operations Introduction Calculation Steps Table of Equivalents, Formulae, and Symbols Typical Water and Wastewater ... security of their critical water and wastewater infrastructure The nation’s water and wastewater infrastructure consisting of several thousand publicly owned water and wastewater treatment plants, more...

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Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 4 pps

Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 4 pps

... UNITS AND CONVERSIONS Most of the calculations made in the water and wastewater operations involve using units While the number tells us how many, the units tell us what we have Examples of units ... the end of the chapter 4.4 TYPICAL WATER AND WASTEWATER MATH OPERATIONS 4.2 CALCULATION STEPS As with all math operations, many methods can be successfully used to solve water and wastewater system ... 4 Water and Wastewater Math Operations To operate a waterworks and/ or a wastewater treatment plant, and to pass the examination for an operator’s license,...

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Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 5 pdf

Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 5 pdf

... because of the nature of the soil conditions Pipes used in a wastewater system must be strong and durable to resist the abrasive and corrosive properties of the wastewater Like water pipes, wastewater ... of the water and wastewater industry that requires energy consumption The amount of energy required depends on the height to which the water or wastewater is raised, the length and diameter of ... under water Its loss of weight is the weight of an equal volume of water To find the specific gravity, divide the weight of the metal by its loss of weight in water sp gr = Wt of Substance Wt of Equal...

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Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 6 ppt

Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 6 ppt

... another The unit of linear measurement used is (in regards to diameter of a piece of wire) the mil (0.001 of an inch) A convenient unit of wire length used is the foot The standard unit of size in ... applications and is widely used in water and wastewater treatment operations Applications include providing electrical energy in plant vehicles and emergency diesel generators; material handling equipment ... decreases the terminal voltage of the battery The ratio of the weight of a certain volume of liquid to the weight of the same volume of water is called the specific gravity of the liquid Pure sulfuric...

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Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 7 pps

Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 7 pps

... pump water with largesized solids and water with high solids concentrations They are generally capable of pumping high volumes of 198 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations water ... in water and wastewater treatment would exceed the limitations of this handbook Therefore, the discussion of pump applications is limited to those that occur most frequently in water and wastewater ... pumps.] The centrifugal pump and its modifications are the most widely used type of pumping equipment in the water and 186 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations Motor Dry well...

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Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 8 pps

Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 8 pps

... system In 246 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations Manufacturing Process Wastewater 60 PSIG Reclaimed wastewater Wastewater Treatment Process 30 PSIG Public water supply ... concrete (water and wastewater) , asbestos-cement pipe (water and wastewater) , and plastic (water and wastewater) Other nonmetallic piping materials include glass (chemical porcelain pipe) and wood ... 244 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations discuss the behavior of fluids in a piping system, and the methods of connection sections of pipe 8.3.4.1 Characteristics of Metallic...

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Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 10 pdf

Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 10 pdf

... Coagulation Taste and odor removal (water treatment) Water softening Recarbonation Ion exchange softening Scale and corrosion control 302 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations ... 10.10 WATER AND WASTEWATER CHEMICALS AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES In order to operate a water/ wastewater treatment process correctly and safely, water/ wastewater operators need to know the types of chemical ... have a pH of greater than 10 Because of this, 304 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations pressurized carbon dioxide is bubbled into the water, lowering the pH and removing...

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Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 12 pdf

Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations - Chapter 12 pdf

... 336 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations poison travels from link to link of the food chain and soon the birds of the lake margins become victims We spray our elms and the ... character of rock) and hydrologic pathways In areas of very high runoff, the contribution of 348 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations solutes approaches or exceeds sediment ... slow moving streams and rivers include newts, tadpoles, and 354 Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations frogs As mentioned, the important characteristic of all life in streams...

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