... Idiomatic translation 11 I.4.7 Communicative translation 12 II. TranslationofEnglish for specific purpose (ESP) 12 II.1 Definition of ESP 13 II.2 Types of ESP 14 10 From the awareness of ... Definition ofEnglish Business 16 II.4 Terms of procurement 17 II.5 The characteristics of procurement terms 18 Chapter 2: Some strategies applied to translate procurement terms fromEnglish into ... 28 II.1 Automatic shift translation 28 II.1 Rank-shift translation 31 III. Strategies applied in the translationof phrases 32 III.1 Reduction translation 32 III.2 Expansion translation...
... translation 4 1.3 Types oftranslation 4 2. ESP in translation. 6 2.1 Definition of ESP 6 2.2 Types of ESP 8 2.3 Definition of technical translation 9 2.4 Translation in the area of technical terms ... teaching ofEnglish used in academic studies or the teaching ofEnglish for vocational or professional purposes. Tony Dudley-Evans, co-editor of the ESP Journal gives an extended definition of ESP ... technical terms belongs toEnglish for Science and technology (EST). 2.3 Definition of technical translation Sofer (1991) as follow distinguishes technical translationfrom literal translation “the...
... reliable mu-tual translations, in that they mostly translate to each other and not much to others. We extracted460 score improvements.In the context oftranslationfromEnglish to Turkish, Durgar-El ... conflate statistics from differentforms of the same root. The rest of the factors arethen automatically assumed to be aligned, basedon the root alignment. Furthermore, in factoredmodels, we ... andFigure 1: Transformation of an English preposi-tional phrasetheir are not really aligned to any of the Turkishwords as they really correspond to two of the mor-phemes of the last Turkish word.When...
... ….(than)- prefer to inf => prefer sth to sth4. too + adj + for O + to inf5. adj+enough +for O + to inf6. so +adj+ that + clause- such (a/an) ….N + that + clause7. It’s + adj+ to inf* have ... One of + plural noun19. all of us = almost us20. keep + V-ing = continue to inf21. used to + V inf (habit in the past)=> am/is/are +used to +V-ing (habit in the present)22. Make sb +to ... in/take part in/Take care of = look after be bored with/ be fed up with/ be tired of/ tell sb about st/get rid of/ give up/ depend on/ be different from/ explain st to sb/ agree with sb/ be...
... (ONOO–[3]), all of which are cytotoxic towards the invadingmicrobes.As a strategy to evade the host immune attack,pathogenic microorganisms have evolved biochemicalpathways to resist to such a ... presence of an excess of NADH, two events can be deconvoluted: the reduction of [Fe-Cys4] (monitored at 560 nm) and the formation of semiquinone FMN (monitored at 390 nm after sub-traction of the ... s)1in Scheme 1.Reduction of FlRd by flavorubredoxin reductaseSpectral analysis of FlRd is complex due to the partialoverlap of the optical contribution of its redox cofac-tors. Figure 4 shows the...
... German verbs into the posi-tions corresponding to the positions of the English verbs. Subsequently, the reordered German sen-tences are translated into English leading to better translation performance ... lan-guage in order to reorder the English input. Whilethe reordering of German implies movement of the German verbs into a single position, when re-ordering English, we need to split the English ver-bal ... translation improvement was obtained only for the German- to -English direction. This may be due to miss-ing information about clause boundaries since En-glish verbs often have to be moved to...
... afternoon, I sent one of my people (who, having been one of my party on that long tour,knew well the features of the country lying to the westward of the Dividing Range) to trace a series of forestridges, ... appeared to lead directly up to the foot of the hollow-back of the range." ;To my utmost gratification he returned at dusk, having traced the ridge about two and a-half miles to the foot of the ... on the brink of a noble river: "The party drew up upon a bank that was from forty to forty-five feet above the level of the stream. Thechannel of the river was from seventy to eighty yards...
... to suchrisks. In the second volume of his History of Sexuality, Michel Foucault linkscuriosity to existential and ontological concerns. He describes his ownswerve off the original course of ... fourth-generationphotocopies. Her application of feminist theory to music of all types from Monteverdi to Madonna—ushered in what came to be called “new musicol-ogy.” Under this rubric, inquiries into music ... on the mantle of passive sexuality, believed to be a characteristic of women and antithetical to adult male citizens.38Transgressions of genderseemed to flirt with the chaos of savagery and...
... half to more than three-quarters of teens surveyed report that alcohol is easy to obtain. Moreover, explicit tests of the propensity of alcoholretailers to sell to underage ... enforcement officials perceived a lack of support from community to enforce MDAX *46% of students reported use of false ID*Positive relationship between use of false ID ... drink-ing age from 1960 to 1999, a total of 132 documents. Com-prehensive searches were conducted of four databases to identify studies of interest: ETOH (1960-1999 [NationalInstitute...
... ex-panding market and older ways of work. The early classics of historical com-parative sociology focused on men’s varying paths from fields to factories andthe impact of those paths on state formations.11However, ... again the outcomes of these negotiations differed by race.30White WomenMen’s efforts to exclude women from better-paying factory jobs and the emerg-ing professions due to fears of competition ... source of income, the male head of thefamily took control of this work. Such a move lessened the workload of womenburdened with household chores but also kept them from economic gains of their...
... simplest to smelt from ore and to fashion into objects, and it was therefore the first metal to bemined and worked by prehistoric cultures, but it is also the softest of thethree metals, even softer ... making tools, utensils, and weapons. Metal-working and the exchange of manufactured metal objects are clearly22 italy in prehistory A Critical History of Early Rome From Prehistory to the ... history testifies to the extraordinarily complex cul-tural processes operating before the dawn of history and to our inability to fathom them except in the broadest of terms.italy in prehistory...
... three-point segments: (a) from Min 1 to VT-1 ( P < 0.05), (b) from the Min 2 to VT ( P <0.001), (c) from VT + 1 to End-1 ( P < 0.05), and (d) from VT + 2 to End ( P < 0.001). In ... several three-point seg-ments: (a) from Min 1 to VT-1 ( P < 0.001), (b) from Min2toVT(P < 0.001), (c) from VT + 1 to End-1 ( P < 0.01),and (d) VT + 2 to End ( P < 0.01). In contrast, ... are related to perceptions of exertion. Furthermore, the lactate and ventilatory (gas ex-change) thresholds have been shown to correspond to stableratings of exertion, regardless of differences...