theory of inventive problem solving pdf
Tài liệu Theory of Inventive Problem Solving pdf
... distilled the problems, contradictions, and solutions in these patents into a theory of inventive problem solving which he named TRIZ.3.0 TRIZ: The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving There ... cutting needs.Figure 1. General Problem Solving Model. 2.1 Inventive Problems The other type of problem is one with no known solution. It is called an inventive problem and may contain contradictory ... findings are summarized in Table 1.Table 1. Levels of Inventiveness.LevelDegree of inventiveness% of solutions Source of knowledgeApproximate # of solutions toconsider1Apparent solution 32%...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A METAPLAN MODEL FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING" pdf
... coherent problem- solving dialogue and thereby building up a model of the agent's problem- solving behavior. A domain plan library for a subset of naval fleet operations plans and sets of examples ... that shape problem- solving discourse. Instead of a small number of metaplans used to represent changes in focus among domain plans, we have a larger set modeling the problem- solving and query ... the problem- solving steps that the agent uses to ex- plore and refine the class of domain plans for that goal. An instance of build-subplan, say, reflects the agent's choice of one of...
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Theory of Interest and Life Contingencies With Pension Applications A Problem Solving Approach by Michael M_1 potx
... costs of firms, as well as consumerpreferences. This is typical in the field of insurance. Expected costs of medical insurance, for example, depend on the health characteristics of the insured. Of ... longevities of individuals. Consequently, annuitiesare offered at the same price to all potential buyers, leading to apooling equilibrium. In contrast, the setting for the standard theory of optimum ... + R. (14.17)The problem of optimum commodity taxation can now be stated: Thegovernment wishes to raise a given amount, T, of tax revenue,tˆx(ˆq) = T,(14.18)by means of unit taxes, t...
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Theory of Interest and Life Contingencies With Pension Applications A Problem Solving Approach by Michael M_4 ppt
... a surviving holder of the annuity.3A long-term annuity pays aflow of returns, specified in advance, over a certain period of timeor indefinitely. When the short-run returns of annuities’ depend ... survival function, the purchase or sale of a long-term annuity is equivalent to a sequence of purchases orsales of short-term annuities. However, upon the arrival of informationon and the differentiation ... arrival of risk-classinformation yield a predetermined flow of returns which, in equilibrium,reflect the expected relative weight of different risk classes in thepopulation.Because of their...
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Theory of Interest and Life Contingencies With Pension Applications A Problem Solving Approach by Michael M_5 pptx
... purchase of a smaller amount of annuities early in lifebecause of overly pessimistic beliefs about survival probabilities (a form of short-sightedness). It may provide one explanation of the observedsmall ... decreasing the marginal utility of consumption and hence thevalue of this postponement. Which of these opposite effects dominatesdepends on whether the elasticity of the marginal utility is larger ... is a positive rate of interest on assets, the competitive rate of return on annuities is equal to the rate of interest plus the hazard rate.The reason is obvious: The issuers of annuities can...
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Theory of Interest and Life Contingencies With Pension Applications A Problem Solving Approach by Michael M_7 pot
... includes a derivation of theequilibrium rate of return on annuities purchased prior to the realization of heterogeneous risk classes.Chapter 9 analyzes the characteristics of a pooling equilibrium, ... question of the functioning of acompetitive annuity market. It is hoped that, this analysis can provide anunderpinning for better SS reform designs.1.1 Brief Outline of the BookThe purpose of chapter ... or “higherlongevity,” using the concepts of stochastic dominance developed in the theory of finance. In particular, it describes the possible effects of changesin longevity on survival probabilities...
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Theory of Interest and Life Contingencies With Pension Applications A Problem Solving Approach by Michael M_9 doc
... economics of incomplete information. QuarterlyJournal of Economics 90: 624–649.Salanie, B. 2000. Microeconomics of Market Failure. Cambridge, MA: MITPress.Salanie, B. 2003. The Economics of Taxation. ... bequests and, 82;bundling and, 131; defined, 67;empirical importance of, 67; generalmodel for, 69–71; proof of, 76; rate of return and, 71; refundable annuities and,144–49; risk class and, ... not to leave: The distribution of bequest motives, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No.11767.Kotlikoff, L., and L. Summers. 1981. The role of intergenerational transfers...
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Tài liệu Introduction to Communication systems the theory of probability. pdf
... gr qrw h{lvw Wkh sk|vlfdo phfkdqlvpv gulylqj wkh sureohp duh vr frpsolfdwhg wkdw wkh gluhfw fdofxodwlrq ri wkhsureohp lv qrw ihdvleoh Wkhuh h{lvwv vrph edvlf lqghwhuplqdf| lq wkh sk|vlfdo...
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Tài liệu Chapter XX Quantum theory of light pdf
... the beginning of a new theory, thequantum theory. • In 1905 Einstein developed an analogue theory for light: Light consists of photons, the energy of each photon is hEinstein’s theory gave ... earlier Planck’s theory of radiation, the postulates of Einstein’s theory is as follows:Light consists of small “packages” of energy called photons orlight quanta.The energy of a photon is ... Einstein’s quantum theory of light:To overcome the difficulty of classical physics, Albert Einstein introducedthe quantum theory of light, and developed the correct analysis of thephotoelectric...
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Tài liệu Clinical Problem Solving in Dentistry pdf
... E(lgEJthatISalreadybol.ndtothemaceojmasl eels,pr6ellt11amoslalltissues.Br1dr1g of aletgen1019£n::lICesdegr.nbtlOllandtherelease of largeiIfOOl.nts of IlIlarrrnaIOfymeQ;alors,parbclAar'y hlstan e.Tlncausesthevasodilatation,n:::reasedcapiarypermeablktyand",""""""""•Type'll1YIJI'1'SCIISitivity ... adrrnsterOKygIlll,•Arlanaetransfer of thepatJent10anappropnatesec60darycarefac*ty.•Ac:MsethepalIent of theneedlortOfrnalnvesbgallOn of the probableaIeiIY.Z AIIUlTllOCUlARRAOIOlUCfNCYApostero-arJtenorIf'II.I01theI'fWSAIoweItrue(90")occlus,)iAplnapICal01thelow!fnghtsecOfldpremolarandIhetntl'fIOIarloshow ... ClosedFill.7.2Movements of t!Ietemporomandibular~ntduriflgt!IenormalopernngandcloSIngcycle,WIthreciprocalciockrlgandr1closedlock.Thestructure of thenormaltemporomandibuarimntissoown,ntheupperpanel,WIththecompanents of theartJculltrdISCandI04ntcapsule.ThetoprowshowsthenormalopernngaoocloSingcycle.RotationoccursInthelower;OIntcompartmentaoolTanslationint!Ieupper.Themechan;sm of reciprocalchcklngISshownInthemiddlelOWWltnarrowsOndicatlngthesuddenroovements of diSCandcondylethatcauseOPE'l\IIlg(0)andcloSlngre)cllcl<srt!s~t"etyThebonomrowshowspartialopeningIIIapabentWithclosedlocI<asaresult of anterlQfdlSlllacement of thediscwithreducedtranslationandopernng.I,Externalauditorymeatus;2,bdaml,""regIon of d,sc;3,posterlQfband of dISC;4,intermediatelone of dISC;5.antenQlb<l<1d of disc;6,~Isertion of lateralpterygOId.spaceandISreqUiredforopeningandlateralexcursion.Thus,Inintra-articularcauses of trismusthereisusuallylImitation of movement111alldIrectIons,asInthepresentcase.Movementspossibleinintra-andextra-articulartrismusandlockingareshownInFIgure7.3.•...
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