... the class of linear models, the abundance value ofa gene is treated as a weighted sum ofthe abundance values of other genes A high-dimensional transcript profile is a vector of abundance values ... is regulated often by a small number of other genes [3,4] so a reasonable representation ofa network is a sparse graph A sparse graph is a graph parametrized by a sparse matrix W, a matrix with ... based on a positive class of linear functions and the other on a general class of linear functions The accuracy of this LP-based approach for deducing thestructureof networks is assessed statistically...
... be installed – The amount ofdata and the speed at which it must be transmitted – The cost ofthe media and installation 17 Local Area Network (LAN) Local Area Network (LAN) An individual network ... 46 The Communication Process Protocol Data Unit (PDU) - The form that a piece ofdata takes at any layer PDUs are named according to the protocols ofthe TCP/IP suite Data - Application layer ... Frame Header IP Header Data App TCP Header Header Frame Trailer Data Message: Data Multiple protocols 26 Multiple protocols (encapsulated) HTTP Header Protocols Frame Header IP Header Data App TCP...
... pathway for hyperosmolarity adaptation in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and based on the related mRNA expression time-series data from Stanford Microarray Databases Results Inferring the ... kinases, a MAP kinase (MAPK), a MAPK kinase (MAPKK) and a MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK), are common signalling modules in eukaryotic cells [20,21] The budding yeast (S cerevisiae) has several MAPK cascades ... intervention of other nodes or parameters Sontag et al [15] have proposed another complementary method based on time-series measurements, which can be useful when stationary data are not available and the...
... for the syntactic structureof language, it prefers placing the function of language as central (what language does and how language does it) rather than placing the elements of language and their ... Re-examine some ofthe most important issues related to the experiential aspect of functional grammar Analyze the meaning and structureofa narrative based on the systemic functional analysis ... explore the meaning and structureof Torquay? But I said Turkey! as a text The analysis is based on the framework of Hallidays (1994)An Introduction to Functional Grammar, Halliday and 21 Hasans...
... declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative ... declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative declarative imperative declarative declarative Modality ability/neg ability/pos ability/neg ability/neg ability/neg ... Subject The spaceship The planet They There The spaceship The two astronauts The woman It She We It Both of them They All plants and Animals They They Everything The man Nothing Something He I The...
... was improved by con˚ sidering only pairs of Ca atoms < 2.5 A apart Because ofthe different length ofa helix A, the Ca atoms N-terminal to or inside helix A are separated by large distances The ... composed of two domains: an a ⁄ b domain and an a domain (Fig 1A) The known activesite motif is found in a cavity between the two domains Thea ⁄ b domain consists ofa central six-stranded b sheet of ... conserved active-site motifs, RHGXRXP and HD, and hydrolyze metal-free phytate with pH optima in the acidic range They consist of two domains, a large a ⁄ b domain and a small a domain with the catalytic...
... Standard procedures were used for the preparation and ligation of DNA fragments, for the transformation of Escherichia coli and for the isolation of plasmid DNA from bacterial cells [51] Other ... wild-type and DQCR10 strains (Fig 2C) Such an analysis demonstrated that all the bc1 subunits were present in comparable amounts in both yeast strains Therefore, the reason for the disappearance ofthe ... respiratory-deficient because ofthe absence ofthe catalytic subunit ISP (Table 1) Figure 3A shows that a band of ΔQCR9 ΔISP ΔBCS1 approximately 500 kDa was also found in this mutant strain when the...
... al from the ratio ofthe forward scattering intensity ofthe sample and that ofthe molecular mass standard BSA The ab initio deconvolution ofthe SAXS profiles to restore a low-resolution shape ... microbial PLDs lack such probably regulatory domains Despite the increasing amount of primary structural data for PLDs, there is almost no information on the secondary and tertiary structures of plant ... surface structureofthe enzyme was investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) Further structural information was obtained by the spectroscopic characterization of PLDa2 in the native...
... The N-terminal pro domain is autocatalytically cleaved off when the enzyme has obtained its active conformation, and the two C-terminal domains are cleaved off by heat treatment at 50 °C An Ala-Pro-Thr ... from a Serratia sp R Helland et al Structure in the binding region The electrostatic surface calculated by icm (Fig [28]) shows that the bacterial peptidases have a more anionic character than the ... SPRK also has an aspartic acid residue at position at 200, and with the same conformation as in the two other structures, but Asp200 forms a salt bridge to Lys253 (Ala253 and Asn250 in PRK and...
... which assumed no information in the essay Note that the actual dialogue depends on the correctness ofthe user answers After the dialogue, users were asked to revise their essay and then the system ... addition, the SIH is not always available and users have to activate it manually Other visual improvements for dialogue-based computer tutors have been explored in the past (e.g talking heads (Graesser ... Note that Figure is not a screenshot ofthe actual system interface The NM is the only part from the actual system interface Figure shows the NM after turn Tutor1 We manually annotated each system...
... Fcalc|)/( |Fobs|), where Fobs and Fcalc are observed and calculated structure factor amplitudes, respectively Rfree is an R-factor for an unrefined subset ofthedata (5% ofthe data) athe metal ... 2007 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2007 FEBS 3129 Structureof S agalactiae STP A M K Rantanen et al B Fig (A) Structureofthe SaSTP (monomer C) The protein was drawn using a secondary structure ... single-wavelength anomalous dispersion ˚ (SAD) data at the selenium peak wavelength (0.97935 A) and analyzed it using xds [24] (Table 2) Data were collected at 100 K using radiation from the European...
... In the report, Exhibit plots the impact of average account balance and number of plan participants on the ‘all-in’ fee for a variety of combinations of average account balance and number of plan ... as a percentage of assets) The primary drivers6 ofa plan’s overall level of fees were: •Plan size as measured by number of participants; •Average participant account balance in the plan; and ... •Average participant account balance in the plan Plans with more participants and plans with higher average participant account balances tended to have lower ‘all-in’ fees (as a percentage of...
... chains of Hb A0 was 10 times faster than that ofthe beta chains and that the oxidation ofthe beta chains was not influenced by pH The biphasic reaction was shown to consist ofa rapid initial ... oxidation rate A comparison with the auto-oxidation rate (data from Fig 3) revealed that in the presence of EDTA, the increase in the rate of oxidation of Hb A0 produced by the LPSs of rough and ... increased the initial fast phase ofthe reaction, but decreased the rate ofthe slow phase of oxidation in the presence of EDTA A comparison of rough and smooth LPSs of E coli and S minnesota in the...
... demonstrate the presence of positive charge Figure 4I shows the bottom face (same as in Fig 4C) ofa van der Waals model ofthe best structureof RIIa D/D The central part of this face appears to ... understand the structural properties ofthe charged face, we have performed pKa calculations on the ensemble of 24 structures of RIIa D/D Figure presents a plot ofthe calculated apparent mean pKa ... N-terminal amide and His2 Aspartic acids Asp27 and Asp30 show lower mean pKa values than their model pKa values This may be a general property of Asp residues, as it has been observed in another...
... and T brucei apocytochrome c (J W A Allen, unpub2826 A Normalised absorbance ofthe alanine ofthe AXXCH motif (Ala25) (in green) and the unsaturated vinyl group ofthe heme ˚ (cyan) are separated ... free-living phagotrophic flagellates (e.g Bodo saltans), photosynthetic algae (e.g Euglena gracilis), and parasitic trypanosomatids [e.g the causal agents ofthe tropical diseases African sleeping ... ceased within a few seconds (Fig 1) A very similar result was obtained if mm KCN was added instead of antimycin A; cyanide inhibits the cytochrome aa3 oxidase ofthe classic respiratory chain,...
... Although a precise analysis ofthe mode of action of Xgh7 4A has not been performed, Xgh7 4A appears to be an endoglucanase because it has an open cleft Comparison ofthe XEG and OXG-RCBH active sites ... calculated from a plot of initial reaction rates versus substrate concentration using Prism (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) One unit was defined as the amount of enzyme that released lmol of ... Reykjavik, Iceland), and were refined by varying the pH ofthe buffer and the concentration ofthe precipitant Prior to data collection, a crystal was transferred into Analysis of substrate specificity...
... classification of cellulases Eur J Biochem 258, 200–206 68 Takashima, S., Iikura, H., Nakamura, A. , Hidaka, M., Masaki, H & Uozumi, T (1998) Isolation ofthe gene and characterization ofthe enzymatic ... (5¢-GCATTCCTGCCATGTCAG-3¢) to generate sequence data for the 5¢ region upstream ofthe ATG start codon Expression of cel7 in E coli Primers F1 (5¢-CACCCAGCAGGCCGGCACGGCG-3¢) and R1 (5¢-TCACGAAGCGGTGAAGGTCGAGTT-3¢), ... interactions were 0.6 per 100 residues, a- carbon tetrahedral distortion was 1.8°, the standard deviation ofthe hydrogen bond energies was 0.7 and overall G-factor, a measure ofthe normality of the...
... lipopolysaccharide gave a pellet and an upper phase, the latter containing most ofthe material SDS/PAGE ofthe two materials Fig SDS/PAGE ofthe upper phase (1) and the pellet (2) obtained on ultracentrifugation ... chromatography on a Sephadex G-50 column gave a major O-polysaccharide peak at the void volume (O-polysaccharide) and a minor peak just after The material in the major peak was devoid of neuraminic ... repeating unit ofthe polysaccharide thus contains a terminal NeuAc, and the above mentioned residues A comparison to the methylation analysis data on the O-polysaccharide, indicates that the...