the oxford 3000 word list doc

... The Oxford 3000™ The keywords of the Oxford 3000 have been carefully selected by a group of language experts and experienced teachers as the words which should receive ... With most keywords, there is far more to learn about them than the first meaning in the entry: often these words have many meanings, have a large family of words d derived from them, or are ... follows the main list. Knowing these words will help you to understand more of the informa- tion given in the entries, especially regarding the word's grammar and register (whether it

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2015, 09:59

... in the context of the Oxford Learner’s Word Lists. These word lists—the Oxford 3000, the Oxford 5000, the Oxford Phrase List, the Oxford Phrasal Academic Lexicon, and topic lists—have been designed ... IN THE OXFORD 3000 AND OXFORD 5000? Figure 4 shows the approach taken to assigning CEFR levels to words in the revised Oxford 3000 and in the new Oxford 5000 Firstly, the frequency of a word ... time on. MARLISE HORST Revising the Oxford 3000 and creating the Oxford 5000 Trang 10THE OXFORD LEARNER’S WORD LISTS AND THE CEFRThe CEFR provides a description of the language abilities of learners

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2024, 00:58

... surrounding the big bang and the rest of the universe. Then a physical theory is deterministic with respect to R 1 and R 2 just in case the state it assigns to R 2 is fixed by the theory’s laws and the ... discourse, the philosophical and the theological, which give different but non-conflicting answers to the same questions, e.g. the immortality of the soul, the eternality of the world, the perfectibility ... inseparable from their neurophysi- ological character. Double aspect theory therefore attempts to identify the mental and the physical without analysing either in terms of the other, thus avoiding

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... sense-data of the kind required by the theory can exist. They are usually supposed to be things that are exactly as they appear. Since their being just consists in their appearing to some mind they can ... confused with the wider and vaguer term ‘the data of the senses’. Previously the term *‘idea’ had been used in this sense, though confusingly in others as well. Sense-data were therefore the ‘given’, ... (c) the problem of the nature and range of the emotions expressed by art; (d) the problem of emotion and fiction; and (e) the problem of art and negative emotion; and (f ) the problem of the value

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... In The Way to the Blessed Life or the Doctrine of Religion (1806) and in vari- ous other works of the period—including later rework- ings of the Wissenschaftslehre—the ‘infinite impulse’ of the ... semantics addresses the former task, the theory of force attempts the latter. *Semantics studies the relation between language and the world, but the relationship is complicated by the fact that sentences ... elements of the structure to the basic symbols of the language as their semantic values. The semantic values of complex expressions are then defined inductively in terms of the values of their simpler

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... incoherent. The rules for the use of names, e.g. ‘red’, do not mirror the metaphys- ical nature of the colour, but constitute it. Similarly, the rules for the use of the negation sign do not reflect the ... an object without the aid of the species emanating from it, we do not see the species themselves; the causal role they play does not involve their being perceived. To say otherwise would be to ... ‘The boy the dog bit cried’), and garden-path sentences such as ‘The horse raced past the barn fell’. Difficulties with these are due to processing and memory limitations. Hence even the mentalist

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... invest words and sentences with a certain meaning, whilst the second investigates the relationships between words and the things to which they refer, or the facts that they describe. The former ... bachelor then he is unmar- ried. It is evident that these relationships are intimately connected to the very meaning of the words involved (either being determined by that meaning, or perhaps themselves ... and mathematician who made major contribu- tions to celestial mechanics and *probability theory. In cosmology he was one of the two independent originators of the nebular hypothesis (the other

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... is the doctrine of the syllogism. But this doctrine, as we shall see, requires—as indeed does the rest of the system— that what is the predicate of one proposition can be the subject of another. ... from his incompleteness theo- rem of 1931). The completeness theorem justifies both the rule-based approach and the semantic one, in the follow- ing way. The chief danger with the rule-based approach ... to the premisses, another is common to the conclu- sion and one of the premisses, and the third is common to the conclusion and the other premiss. We will use b to sig- nify the middle term, a

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... mechanism. They do not experience the products of their labour as their expression, or indeed as theirs in any sense. For these products belong to a non-worker, the capitalist, to whom they must sell their ... with the word-God which became the world. Elaborate meta- physical and semantic theories developed to support the putative identity between the name and the named which went hand in hand with the ... within the system. The Aesthetic Dimension (1978) argues that the sensuous appearance of beauty in the artwork preserves the memory of a liberated way of living and so escapes the domination of the

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... Ockham the doctrine of universals had a central role in the theory of predication. A version of the debate between realists and nominal- ists was conducted in the Middle Ages in connection with the ... willing parts. Then it looks as is if we all have a hot-line either to the Cartesian ego or to the machinery which the brain researchers posit in their latest models. The every- day and the scientific ... (in which case they had real existence, the solution of ‘realists’) or were mind-dependent (in which case they had nominal existence, the solution of ‘nominalists’) entered into the interstices

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... Bentham described the claim of the French Revolutionary Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen that there were ‘natural and impre- scriptible’ rights. The claim that there were *natural ... Plainly, the detour through A & B was redundant; the two lines on which stood, first, A & B and then A can be excised, together with the entire part of the derivation leading to the premiss ... (Amsterdam, 1973). —— ‘On the Idea of a General Proof Theory’, Synthese (1974). normative. ‘Normative’ is the adjective derived from the noun ‘norm’, which signifies either the average or usual level

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... truth, other substantive theories being the *coherence theory, the *pragmatic theory, and the *semantic theory, while other deflationary theories include the prosentential theory and the performative ... of the world as a whole, there is a kind of small-scale metaphysics which examines the detailed structure of the world: individuals, their properties, and their relations to one another; the ... of the maze of beliefs. Current coherence theorists of know- ledge follow in the steps of Hegelian idealists and the Vien- nese positivists (until Tarski led them out of the maze). Part of the

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... words, they claim that each and every mapping between the elements of the source and the elements of the target is unidirectional; the logic of the image schema is projected from the source to the ... question as to whether the embodiment hypothesis is an empirical scientific hypothesis, a general theoretical orientation, a metaphysics, or some combination of all of these. However, the evidence ... which led to the hypothesis was empirical evidence, and new bodies of empirical evidence are continually being added to the list of research supporting the hypothesis. By my latest count, the term

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 01:20

... gave the book to a student but not to a student. Analyzing the status of the form port, on the other hand, Geeraerts ( 1993: 229) shows that it passes the test, so it is polysemic between the ... in the sense that both sparrows and penguins are clearly within the category boundaries, even though the former are better exemplars of the category than the latter. Some other categories, on the ... the mother’s sister. What Lakoff proposes is that ‘‘the center, or prototype, of the category is predictable. And while the non- central members are not predictable from the central member, they

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 01:20

... paper, such as the following. The English word write and the Japanese word kaku are commonly considered translation equivalents, but since the overall scenes associated with the words in their respective ... of various types, among them: the simple proposition, the scenario (or script), the feature bundle, the taxonomy, or the radial category. He describes each of these in the following way. frames, ... differ, the lin- guistic frames within which each word is used also differ coordinately. The scene associated with the English word entails that it is some form of language that is written, while the

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 01:20

... kinds: either the source of the metonymic operation is in the target (‘‘source- in-target’’ metonymy) or the target is in the source (‘‘target-in-source’’ metonymy). For example, for The ham sandwich ... metonymy 237 indirectly achieves the same referential purpose as the more direct referring ex- pression the Queen. The substitution theory is, however, too simplistic in at least two respects. ... another thing (henceforth, the target) with which it is associated or to which it is contiguous. This view can be called the substitution theory of metonymy. A corol- lary of the substitution theory

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 01:20

... Reference to Attention in the Addressee All the other factors presented in this chapter exert their effect on the hearer’s attention by acting directly on the cognitive mechanisms of the hearer that auto- ... from the hearer. Beyond that grace amount, though, it would seem that the greater the degree of deviation, the greater the hearer’s attention attention phenomena 285 is on the presence of the ... Nevertheless, the two reconstructions are not identical since, among other things, the choice in the first sentence to refer to window-closing foregrounds that aspect of the situation, leaving the

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 01:20

... cannot constitute the Theme; rather, Fred is the Patient, the role designating the person affected. In (28), the Patient is at the same time the Goal, but this is not necessarily the case, as can ... respectively, the Pa- tient and the Actor on the action tier, the first and the second argument of the AFF- function; note that the notation [AFF ([SAM], )], which is part of the thematic tier, ... (Jackendoff 1990: 43) In these representations, the BE-function serves to specify the location of objects (The dog is in the park), the ORIENT-function to specify their orientation (The sign points toward

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 01:20

... In the diffuse input, the causal chain runs from forgetting to the invariant position of the burner knob, to the flow of gas, to the flame, to the temperature of the pan, to the temperature of the ... water, to the level of the water, to the dryness of the pan. The agent performs no direct or indirect action on the pan at all. But in the blend, the compressed structure associated with the grammatical ... projected together with some selected participants from the diffuse chain of events in the diffuse input. In the blend, the agent acts directly on the pan. Moreover, although the boiling of the water

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 01:20

... though there may be differences in the degree to which it is implemented from one language to another, as was observed above. The more onomatopoeic words get integrated in the linguistic system, the ... the prototypical speaker speaks in the present by definition (the time of the speech act), the present tense is semantically unmarked with respect to the past. This is iconically reflected by the ... dier dood. the farmer made the animal dead ‘The farmer killed the animal’ c. De zure regen doet de bomen sterven. the acid rain does the trees die ‘The acid rain causes the trees to die.’ d. Het

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 01:20