the mechanisms involved in process intensification

... clinical Mtb isolates (118, 119) Another 8-20% INHR clinical Mtb isolates have mutations either in the promoter of inhA or its open reading frame Mutations in at least 16 other genes including ... implicated in INHR clinical Mtb isolates as well, although their roles in INH resistance remains unascertained in a large proportion of these genes (119) Approximately 10-25% of INHR strains not contain ... isolate Regardless, the numerous handling and in vitro passages of these individual strains in various labs could translate into the acquirement of stable mutations in these strains specific to each...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:14

... 2005) However, in that study, the CaMK inhibitor KN62 did not recapitulate these findings, which suggested that other CaM-dependent signaling mediators also are involved in mediating the GnRH effects ... machinery and transactivate gene transcription ER binds to the EREs on the target gene promoter via its DNA binding domain (DBD; domain C), which contains two zinc finger motifs Domain D is the ... glycoprotein structurally unrelated to the activins and inhibins Due to its high binding affinity to activin, FS binds to and neutralizes the bioactivity of activin on the FSHβ subunit (Burger et al.,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 21:47

... (Dsh) The amino-terminal extracellular Wnt binding domain and the 18 19 carboxy-terminal PDZ-binding domain of the Fz protein are known to be essential for Fz function Deletion of the PDZ-binding ... pathway and the JNK pathway (Zhang et al 2000) GSK3β is a serine/threonine kinase involved in insulin, growth factor and Wnt signalling In the absence of Wnt signalling, GSK3β is recruited to the APC ... Lin, 2004) Recently, it was demonstrated that Axin also plays an important role in a JNK signalling pathway by utilizing discriminatory domains for its distinct roles in the both the β-catenin...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:12

... sequences Within lgt3 Within lgt2 Within lgt1 R R F Within Within Within Within Within F R R F R lgt5 lgt2 lgt1 lgt22951 lgt4 Within lgt1 Within lgt4 Within lgt4 Within lgt4 Within lgt5 Within lgt5 ... irradiating each of the anomeric signals in turn to obtain the H chemicals shifts of the corresponding remaining ring protons Again, assignment of the Kdo residue was possible from examination ... to the (1 fi 4) chain and also to the (1 fi 6) chain in serotype B strains Lgt4 (present only in serotypes A and C), then adds an a-(1 fi 2)GlcNAc to the (1 fi 4) chain instead of Glc Lgt2A (in serotype...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 08:20

... underscored the benefit of incorporating distinct disciplines, in this case engineering, in defining and understanding new phenotypes He also pointed out the importance of understanding the relationships ... patterns, the mouse is no longer susceptible to tumorigenesis or metastasis Despite the initial success of integrating the mouse genome assembly into the process of QTL mapping, it is certainly not the ... and, in the case of the Abca1 gene, expression data She provided some of the best evidence that a critical mass of converging information and understanding has now tipped the scale and will, in the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... for the binding of CP12 The presence of this region at the interface of GAPDH and CP12 could also explain the kinetic changes observed for the binding of the substrate when the wild-type recombinant ... complex These mutageneses are a rst step toward the understanding of proteinprotein interactions in the GAPDHCP12PRK complex and the nature of the physico-chemical forces involved in the assembly process ... being located near the substrate-binding site, it is possible that the negative charge introduced with the glutamic acid could interfere with the binding of the substrate, BPGA Replacement of the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... phosphorus was then accumulated in the sludge in the subsequent oxic tank by normal oxygen-utilizing PAOs The residual phosphorus was removed in the final anoxic tank without oxygen Especially in Phase ... reducing the amount of sludge to be ozonated (9.4% of total MLSS in the reactor) improved the nitrification efficiency in Phase Ozonated sludge also acts as nutrient loading in the A/O/A process ... DISCUSSION The A/O/A process combined with the microbubble ozonation system and the phosphorus adsorption column was operated for 152 days Water quality in the effluent and MLSS concentration in the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... not to the differences in the process types but to the differences in influent wastewater: these SBRs received synthetic wastewater containing acetate as the main organic carbon to enrich the PAO/DNPAO ... facility where the retention time of wastewater in the sewer line is lower than those in the UCT processes In sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), the PURs are higher than the others (Table 1) These high ... al., 2009) In the process, phosphorus was accumulated in the biomass by polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the oxic tank and denitrifying PAOs (DNPAOs) in the anoxic tank For the nitrogen...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... aspirin or other NSAIDs may increase the risk of bleeding Ginseng may intensify the effects of these drugs, causing an excessive decrease in blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia) Ginseng may intensify ... from their ability to inhibit phase I and induce phase II carcinogen metabolizing enzymes that initiate carcinogenesis They also inhibit the promotion stage of carcinogenesis by inhibiting oxygen ... kava-containing products from the market Based on these and other reports in the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a consumer advisory in March of 2002 regarding the “rare”...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 05:20

... manganese in the transcriptional regulation of the nrd operon [35] may not be considered in the light of the results obtained in the present study Rather, the involvement of manganese in the in vivo ... samples The radical concentration was calculated by determining the area of the radical signal in the absorption spectrum by cubic spline interpolation [52] in the range 403–413 nm using the coefficient ... ammoniagenes restricts the incorporation of iron into R2F in vivo, even in the absence of manganese, and it is the availability of manganese that is the limiting factor determining the amount of functional...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... implicated in other protein–protein interactions, a STAT protein DNA-binding domain and an SH2 domain, which binds phosphorylated tyrosine residues in the context of a longer peptide motif within a ... all-alpha domain, STAT protein DNA-binding domain and SH2 domain of stat6, and the zinc-finger domain, leucine-zipper domain and fork-head domain of foxp3 In addition, for stat6 and foxp3, there were ... domains, including an N-terminal STAT protein interaction domain, which strengthens interactions between STAT dimers on adjacent DNA-binding sites, a coiled-coil STAT protein all-alpha domain,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... from the oyster Crassostrea gigas [5] Interestingly, this protein, named C gigas chitinase-like protein (CgClp1) was found to be involved in the control of growth and remodelling processes in a ... mainly expressed during larval metamorphosis, in the mantle edge and the digestive gland During the reproductive cycle, expression was high in gonads during the postspawning period but not in ... blocked by incubating sections in 0.3% hydrogen peroxide in methanol for 30 at room temperature Slides were then washed and incubated in a blocking solution according to the manufacturer’s instructions...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 00:20

... Glutamine was effective in protecting the enzyme from inactivation and its effect was again dose-dependent, suggesting that inhibition by DON occurs at the active site or the glutamine-binding ... to participate in the metabolism of nucleotides In this context, the assertion that pyridoxine may be the precursor of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamin in yeast is intriguing [27] In fungi, pyroA ... that there was indeed a mutation on both of the genes In SNO1, the 199th G from the 5¢ terminus of the open reading frame was deleted to result in a frame-shift and appearance of stop codons in the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... a protein with covalently attached flavin, synthesized only in bacteria grown in the presence of nicotine The DNA carrying the sarcosine dehydrogenase-like ORF63, corresponding to a protein of ... mutagenesis of the MABO gene The amino acid substitutions in the MABO protein were made with the aid of the Quick Change site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene), according to the instructions of the ... 0.51 The red anionic flavin semiquinone was formed for more than 99% during the reaction, indicating that the redox potentials of the two couples (oxidized/semiquinone and semiquinone/ hydroquinone)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... isoforms in hepatic insulin signalling, for the following reasons First, we found that the addition of insulin to rat hepatocytes did not increase DAG mass or change the Ó FEBS 2003 Insulin signalling ... adhesion kinase regulates protein kinase B, glycogen synthase kinase-3 and glycogen synthase, in an insulindependent manner [49], supports the hypothesis of crosstalk between insulin and integrin-signalling ... an insulin-dependent increase in the activity of the immunoprecipitated enzyme, which agrees with the inability of insulin to translocate PKCf Inhibitor studies Stimulation of glycogen synthesis...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... to these interfaces is located in the PYR and middle domains The interface contains 10 hydrogen bonds in IPDC The dimer–dimer interface in IPDC is smaller than the corresponding interface in ... orientation of the aminopyrimidine ring, are conserved in all ThDP-dependent enzymes One of these, the hydrogen bond between the N1¢ atom of the pyrimidine ring of ThDP and the side chain of an invariant ... Enterobacter cloacae The PYR domain is shown in blue, the middle domain in green and the PP domain in red The secondary structure elements are labelled as defined in Fig The cofactor ThDP and the magnesium...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... Enzyme kinetic study The Km (Michaelis constant) and Vmax (maximum velocity) values were determined by incubating the diluted recombinant proteins in the standard reaction mixture in the presence ... hydrolysis, in the presence of increasing concentrations of NaF The PPase activated PPi hydrolysis rate was then calculated Larval molting inhibition assay To confirm whether the native PPase enzyme is involved ... determined as described in (A) in the presence of increasing concentrations of Mg2+ (C) pH dependency of the enzyme was examined as described above using several buffers with increasing pH values The...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... which lack this domain, is scant This domain promotes the binding of the acyl-CoA initiation unit to the ketosynthetase domain of the PKSs for polyketide biosynthesis [35] Therefore, AtaPKS1 could ... fragment only contains the initial 67 bp and the final 68 bp of the pur4 coding sequence It was inserted in plasmid pGM9 The resulting construct was introduced, via S lividans, into S alboniger ... point, the procedure described in Hopwood et al [14] was followed DNA sequencing was made by the dideoxy-chain termination method [25] using the Amplitaq dye-terminator sequencing system (Perkin...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... certainly does not exceed the rate of amylopectin synthesis The increase in crystallinity witnessed during these first 12 h is in line with the high rates observed for amylopectin synthesis However between ... accumulate at the final stage of starch synthesis in the absence of concomitant amylopectin synthesis (reviewed in [41]) In vitro synthesis of amylose Because in Chlamydomonas amylose synthesis remains ... results listed in Table that most, if not all, of the amylose is synthesized in vivo when the rate of amylopectin synthesis becomes minimal At these moments the rates of amylopectin synthesis are...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... homogenates are incubated with GTPcS, the Pab content in membranes is increased 20–30% by binding of the Pab ⁄ Pc complex existing in the soluble fraction [13] Therefore, binding of the Pab ⁄ Pc ... [3H]cGMP binding to Pabc by interrupting the entry of [3H]cGMP into a noncatalytic site in Pabc This indicates that the scheme in which Pc binds to Pabc first and then cGMP binds to the Pabcc ... conclusion, these results strongly suggest that Pc binding accelerates the cGMP-binding-initiated conformational change in Pabc Together with the result showing that Pc inhibits cGMP-binding to Pabc...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:21