the determinants of the deadweight loss

... cost of going to a movie is a the price of the ticket b the price of the ticket plus the cost of any soda and popcorn you buy at the theater c the total cash expenditure needed to go to the movie ... The Costs of Taxation  155 8-1 The Deadweight Loss of Taxation  156 8-1a How a Tax Affects Market Participants  157 8-1b Deadweight Losses and the Gains from Trade  159 8-2 The Determinants of ... flow of dollars The households spend money to buy goods and services from the firms The firms use some of the revenue from these sales to pay for the factors of production, such as the wages of their...

Ngày tải lên: 06/04/2016, 18:10

... regimes the level of redistributive spending should be minimal The third tenet of the formal voting theory emphasizes the importance of the form of the voting game’ On the contrary, there are ... in the analysis of tax level and tax design They may interact with the main macroeconomic variables, such as the level of GDP per worker, the openness of the economy, the level of debt and the ... increases The ultimate level of taxes becomes smaller than the cost of repression On the contrary, when the redistributive demands of the worse-off citizens on the rich are particularly intense, the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... Outline The Economics of Taxation • The role of taxation • The main types of taxation Outline The Economics of Taxation • The role of taxation • The main types of taxation The Efficiency Cost of ... Trade offs in the design of the Tax System • The structure of income taxes • Trade offs btwn equity and efficiency • Income distribution and the structure of commodity taxes 1 The Role of Taxation ... Marginal cost of public funds Outline The Economics of Taxation • The role of taxation • The main types of taxation The Efficiency Cost of Taxation • Marginal excess burden • Marginal cost of public...

Ngày tải lên: 05/12/2016, 17:49

... both in the host country of the Why countries need Double Tax Treaties? investment and in the residence country of the investor), by allocating taxing rights over this income between the two ... Objectives of the 2011 Update • Take into account recent developments in the area of international tax policies of both developing and developed countries • Seek further consistency with the OECD ... the priorities of developing countries • Further clarify and improve the operation of provisions aimed to prevent double taxation over income from cross-border investments Main features of the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:19

... onethird of all mutations in the BTK gene are missense and some of these reduce the stability of the protein This is exemplified by mutations in the BTK motif of the Tec homology (TH) domain [18] ... identify individuals with mild disease, thereby providing the missing data The phenotype of XLA and the potential of BTK and ITK inhibitors The outcome of defective BTK signaling in humans has ... the expression of ITK is extremely low and often undetectable in immunoblot analysis The activation of CD4+ cells, however, dramatically induces transcription of the ITK gene and is key for the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... indication of the lack of economic freedom in the compilation of the index, the average score of the Nordic countries on the overall economic freedom index is only slightly higher than that of the Anglo-American ... geography or other characteristics beyond the control of the country’s government, by the method used to aggregate individual indicators, by the comparability of the data, and by the purpose of the evaluation ... than the United States The health of new-borns is another frequently used measure of progress in the delivery of health care On average, the percentage of newborns weighing less than 2,500g in the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 19:20

... outside the home countries At the same time, the share of manufacturing in most of the world’s economies is declining, and that of services is increasing The net result of these two forces, and of the ... thirty days of the transmittal of the manuscript, the report may be published If at the end of that period any member of the manuscript committee withholds his approval, the President shall then notify ... Relation of the Directors to the Work and Publications of the National Bureau of Economic Research The object of the National Bureau of Economic Research is to ascertain and to present to the public...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 13:20

... shift of the displacement curve and by the lower amount of radioactivity bound in the absence of competitor (in spite of the lack of statistically significant differences in the number of binding ... lines, and that impairment of signaling through the cAMP cascade occurs in these cells even in the absence of mutations in the coding region of the gene Finally, our study of the natural MC1R variants ... to the responsive HBL cells The lack of functional coupling of these cell lines, particularly of DOR cells homozygous for the wild-type MC1R, is therefore perplexing and will be the subject of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... controlled by the methylation-free promoter One of the common features of these plants free from S-PTGS is the attenuated expression of the transgene, and therefore the threshold theory has been ... analysis of the transgene sequence (A) Degree of cytosine methylation at the END1 region of the El2 promoter (B) Degree of cytosine methylation at the END2 region of the El2 promoter (C) Degree of cytosine ... for the NtFAD3 transgene 1698 B Fig Loss of S-PTGS phenotype by the introduction of an RdDM construct targeting the El2 promoter (A) Characterization of the transgenic plants used The levels of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... inhibiting the loss of 35 S-labeled proteoglycans from the matrix of tendon explants The rate of incorporation of [3H]serine into proteins of tendon explant cultures was measured on days and 10 of the ... inclusion of these sulfated agents there was significant inhibition (40%) of rate of loss of 35S-labeled large proteoglycans from the matrix by the end of the culture period Similarly, by day 10 of culture, ... it is therefore likely that the outcome of the inhibition of aggrecanase activity in tendon is the retention of large proteoglycans within the extracellular matrix of the tissue [22–27] The mechanism...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:21

... firms; the profits of other firms are taxed as part of the personal income of their owners The computation of the corporate income tax liability of a firm follows a number of rules that concern the ... reduces the value of land one for one, since the supply of land is assumed to be inelastic Therefore the agents who own land when the tax is announced bear the whole burden of the tax On the other ... second-order term in t This is called the deadweight loss or excess burden of the tax.26 Note that the loss exists even though the government returns the proceeds of the tax to the consumer (by construction,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... mutation in the GJB2 gene with either recessive or unclear pathogenicity, despite direct sequencing of the entire coding region of the gene [12-14] The ratio of a 309-kb deletion involving the GJB6 ... only one allele of the coding region of the GJB2 gene [41] It is also lower than the value of 4.6% among Brazilian patients with one pathogenic GJB2 mutation [42] The percentage of the IVS1+1G>A ... preligual The percent of postlingual hearing loss in the 212 nonsyndromic hearing loss patients group with monoallelic mutation in the coding region of GJB2 is 6.6%(14/212) and that of preligual...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... better understand the mechanism of action of HRSV neutralizing antibodies and the impact of resistance to these antibodies upon the fusion activity of the F protein A summary of these results is ... high degree of conservation, it was somewhat surprising that the functional analysis of the fusion activity of the panel of mutations described here revealed that the fusion activity of the F protein ... mutagenesis of the HRSV F protein AD and RS participated in the design, oversight of the conduct of the experiments, and interpretation of the results All authors have read and approved the final...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... altogether, these data indicate the existence of a mechanism for the global control of the 11q23 CD3 genes cluster that is likely to be critical in modulating the expression of these genes during the ... paves the way for malignant transformation[10] Since dysregulation of calcium flux after Tcell activation can be one of the consequences of the lack of TCR/CD3 expression[11] the loss of TCR/CD3 ... This demonstrates that the loss of CD3γ is not due to a defect in factors binding to the CD3γ promoter region and rather suggests a lack of accessibility of these factors to the promoter regions...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... distribution of Tax-2 molecules was analyzed in the presence and in the absence of CIITA In the absence of CIITA, Tax-2 localizes both and in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of 293T cells often with ... region of CIITA Furthermore, these results strongly suggest that interaction between the N-terminal, but not the C-terminal, part of CIITA, and Tax-2 is responsible of the biological effect of CIITA ... most likely in the CIITA-NF-YB molecular complex, is at the basis of the functional inactivation of Tax-2 leading to the inhibition of HTLV-2 retrovirus replication Further studies of subcellular...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... assess the optimal combination of amplifiers, loud speakers, number of firings (each click of the mouse of the computer provided a single firing), their sound intensity and the mode of their delivery ... day, when anesthesia had worn off, a single injection of 100 mg/kg of furosemide was administered intraperiteoneally (IP) to the mice of the experimental group and the mice of the control group ... section The diaphragm of the speaker was 16 cm above the floor of the mice enclosure, so that the net volume of the exposure chamber was 9920 cm Mice in one group (n = 10) received a single of injection...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... better understand the mechanism of action of HRSV neutralizing antibodies and the impact of resistance to these antibodies upon the fusion activity of the F protein A summary of these results is ... high degree of conservation, it was somewhat surprising that the functional analysis of the fusion activity of the panel of mutations described here revealed that the fusion activity of the F protein ... mutagenesis of the HRSV F protein AD and RS participated in the design, oversight of the conduct of the experiments, and interpretation of the results All authors have read and approved the final...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... altogether, these data indicate the existence of a mechanism for the global control of the 11q23 CD3 genes cluster that is likely to be critical in modulating the expression of these genes during the ... paves the way for malignant transformation[10] Since dysregulation of calcium flux after Tcell activation can be one of the consequences of the lack of TCR/CD3 expression[11] the loss of TCR/CD3 ... This demonstrates that the loss of CD3γ is not due to a defect in factors binding to the CD3γ promoter region and rather suggests a lack of accessibility of these factors to the promoter regions...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... distribution of Tax-2 molecules was analyzed in the presence and in the absence of CIITA In the absence of CIITA, Tax-2 localizes both and in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of 293T cells often with ... region of CIITA Furthermore, these results strongly suggest that interaction between the N-terminal, but not the C-terminal, part of CIITA, and Tax-2 is responsible of the biological effect of CIITA ... most likely in the CIITA-NF-YB molecular complex, is at the basis of the functional inactivation of Tax-2 leading to the inhibition of HTLV-2 retrovirus replication Further studies of subcellular...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... because of the increase in the milk production The importance of a relatively early resumption of cyclicity as a predictor for good reproductive ability has often been emphasized [7,16] Nevertheless, ... In the present study, an association of high milk production with the occurrence of ovarian cysts and the decrease in the body condition was noticed These findings have also been found by other ... with the intrauterine application of antibiotics A better functionality of the endometrium and a reduction in the endotoxin stress caused by the endometritis could be the explanation for the clinical...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 23:22