the complexity of recognition

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:21

... established (in the sense that one bounds explicitly the number of exceptional subspaces). We now turn to the proof of Theorem 5. Keep the notation and the assumptions of this theorem. Assume that the parameter ... Theorem 5. Proof of Theorem 4. Let a be a sequence generated by a recurrent mor- phism φ defined on an alphabet A. As we have already noticed in the beginning of the proof of Theorem 3, there exist ... at least two oc- currences of the letter a. We then apply the same trick as in the proof of Theorem 3, and we again conclude by applying Theorem 5. 6. Transcendence of p-adic numbers Let p be...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 06:20

... every word on the other side), then we added links from each of these words to NULL. Second, if n words on one side of the bi- text aligned to m words on the other side with m > n then we added ... the complexity of an alignment. For example, if we added the links (cela, NULL) and (NULL, that) to the alignment in Figure 1, the hierarchical alignment algorithm could use them instead of the ... of the pat- terns of translational equivalence exhib- ited by a variety of bitexts. The study found that the complexity of these pat- terns in every bitext was higher than sug- gested in the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... however, the space of align- ments has to be pruned severely using word align- ments to control the running time of EM. Notably, neither of these inference approaches of- fers any test to know if the ... to contain sev- eral copies of the literals that appear in those clauses. φ scores only alignments from clauses to literals that satisfy the clauses. The crux of the construction lies in ensuring ... in exactly one link. We first define the notion of a partition:  i S i = T means S i are pairwise disjoint and cover T . Then, we can for- mally define the set of bijective phrase alignments: A...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/04/2014, 01:40

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... March 10, 2004 1:21 Emergent Complexity, Teleology, and the Arrow of Time 199 The many-universes theory neatly solves the problem of the origin of the arrow of time. The wave function as a whole ... Christian, in the following terms: 1 All the labors of the ages, all the devotion, all the inspiration, all the noonday bright- ness of human genius are destined to extinction in the vast death of the ... by the expansion. Note that the same effect would occur if the universe contracted again, just as the instroke of the piston serves to raise the entropy of the confined gas. So there is no thermodynamic...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... hypothesize that the proton- ated state of the chaperone initiates this cycle, whereas the deprotonated state occurs upon completion of the maturation process of the partner. The nature of the signal ... reduces the pep- tide binding affinity by 100-fold and the lifespan of the complex by 10-fold, as judged by k off . The physiological chaperone cycle probably consists of the rapid binding of the ... was the discovery of the pH-dependent modulation of the peptide binding affinity by changing the lifespan of the chaperone– peptide complex. Indeed, deprotonation of a yet unidentified residue of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 14:20

... “O”, which indicates a non-named entity. For 98.0% of the named entities in the training data of the shared task in the 2004 JNLPBA, the label of the preced- ing entity was “O”. In order to incorporate ... of semi-CRFs Since the purpose of the filtering is to reduce the computational cost, rather than to achieve a good F-score by itself, we chose the threshold probabil- ity of filtering so that the ... the upper bound length of entities, N is the length of sentence and K is the size of label set. And that of training in first order semi-CRFs is O(K 2 LN). The increase of the cost is used to transfer...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... rely on the SecB pathway, because of overloading of the SRP pathway. The re-routing of (G-10L)prePhoE to the Sec translocon via the SRP instead of the SecB pathway could be explained by the increased ... that substitution of Gly )10 by a-helix-promoting residues (Ala, Cys or Leu) reduced the proton-motive force dependency of the translocation of the precursor, but the actual role of the helix breaker ... considered the possibility that extension of the a-helical structure in the signal sequence resulting from the Gly )10 substitutions affects the targeting pathway of the precursor. Indeed, the mutations...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 09:20

... Harmony 4, and, of course, reduplication. The input consists of the stream of segments and a stream of stressesS: pangupangu r nu 1 2 There is a question of course as to whether one could ... suffixation, involves the attachment of an affix to a word; but, unlike these other two processes, an infixed affix occurs within the word rather than at the edge of the word. [3] Vowel Harmony ... as far as the phonology is concerned (i.e., they undergo Vowel Harmony 3 with the word to which they attach) are separate words from the point of view of the syntax. For instance, the auxiliary...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... performed under the same pH conditions for the above assays (pH 8; optimum pH of SOT and SGT). Of course, the autolysates of the mutants were not observed on SDS- PAGE. Furthermore, we confirmed that these ... specificity and the conformation of the three-dimensional structures. (A) The overall structure of SOT is portrayed using the Swiss-pdb viewer based on the crystal structure of SGT. The key residue ... The emission was scanned from 290 to 400 nm. The spectra of the proteins, an average of four scans, were corrected by subtracting the spectra of the corresponding background media...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... data. There is a one way flow of data from the tracker consisting of frame by frame updates to the position in the image plane of the centroid of uniquely labelled objects. The detec- tion of atypical ... number of train- ing feature vectors and the point density of the prototypes within the feature space will approximate the pdf of the feature vectors [6]. The model is thus more accurate in areas of ... with slow decay rates to theoutputof thesenodes, atrace of the trajectory will be formed in the activation of the leakyneurons. By connecting leaky neurons to the output of every node in a trained...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... the control word p 1 p 2 · · · p p is a permutation of a member of W ∗ and the dominance relations of W hold in the as- sociated derivation tree. The language L(G) of an UVG-dl G is the set of ... The length of a string w is noted |w|, and the number of occurrence of a symbol a in w is noted |w| a . A language is formalized as a subset of Σ ∗ . Let N n denote the set of vectors of positive ... with the same number of a, b, and c’s (see Figure 2 for an example derivation): L mix = {w ∈ {a, b, c} ∗ | |w| a = |w| b = |w| c } . The size |G| of a MLIG G is essentially the sum of the sizes of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... inform the hearer of the relevant properties of the shirt, assum- ing the hearer has some domain knowledge about T- shirts. However, if the hearer has this domain knowledge, the use of utterance ... the number of members of Target-Components that rule out at least one member of Excluded. The straight- forward full-brevity algorithm will then need to examine the following number of ... If the attribute values and classifications used in the description are members of a taxonomy, then they can be realized at different levels of specificity. For example, the object in the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20

... Smith the idea that the division of labor is the secret of the wealth of nations. In a modern reinter- pretation of this idea, the division of labor is what allows us to access a quantity of knowledge ... a third of the explained fraction of the 43.4 percent of the vari- ance that the equation explains as a whole. The estimates of the second column of Table 3.1.1 are used to forecast the growth ... Since we only have data for the GCI rankings, and not the underlying value of the index, we do the analysis using the rankings of the Economic Complexity Index instead of its value. This allows...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... Smith the idea that the division of labor is the secret of the wealth of nations. In a modern reinter- pretation of this idea, the division of labor is what allows us to access a quantity of knowledge ... a third of the explained fraction of the 43.4 percent of the vari- ance that the equation explains as a whole. The estimates of the second column of Table 3.1.1 are used to forecast the growth ... equations where the dependent variable is the level of income per capita and the independent variables are the years of schooling of the labor force, the Hanushek and Woessmann measure of cognitive...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

... first find the results of the core algorithm and then determine the effects of each enhancement. The results are shown in Figure 1. The last column in the graph shows the average across all the target ... classification Require: S: the set of sentences containing the target word Require: L: the set of literal seed sentences Require: N : the set of nonliteral seed sentences Require: W: the set of words/features, ... its use of the above data sources. 3.2 Core Algorithm Since we are attempting to reduce the problem of literal/nonliteral recognition to one of word-sense disambiguation, TroFi makes use of an...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20