studying gene expression in bone by in situ hybridization

... role in the regulation of cell proliferation, including SMC, by inhibiting signalling molecules [45–47] Caveolin-3 is the main isoform in muscle cells, including SMC [30] Caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 ... studied the mechanism(s) underlying the inhibition of cyclin D1 gene expression by EPA and DHA by examining the effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs incorporation on cyclin D1 promoter activity Quiescent ... phase We examined the effects of PUFA on cyclin D1 by measuring its concentration in whole cell extracts by using a monoclonal anti-(cyclin D1) Ig There was little cyclin D1 protein in SMC stimulated...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... pUC-KE-tRNACTE-Rz-2, encoding Rz-1 and Rz-2, respectively, were obtained on a multimilligram scale Constructs containing inactive versions of Rz-1 and Rz-2 were obtained in the same way by using templates ... protein, and in consequence, to reduce the amount of Ab peptide released in neuronal cells We asked the question whether we can inhibit expression of the gene of BACE protein using our engineered ... this expression system is of interest for endogenous generation of siRNA and activation of the RNAi effect in human cells [45] Studies on an inhibition of BACE gene expression by endogenously generated...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... on insulin action on PEPCK expression A Foxa2 IgG TN Fα In s TN Fα + C In s on Input 2.5 1.5 ** * 0.5 TN Fα + TN Fα s In In C s on Foxa2 binding normalized to input (arbitary units) B Foxa2 binding ... alterations in PEPCK gene expression In this study, we found Foxa2 to be predominantly localized in the nuclei of HepG2 cells incubated with TNFa prior to insulin incubation As reported earlier, insulin ... TNFa-mediated inhibition of PEPCK [54] Therefore, in cells preincubated with TNFa prior to insulin, insulin signalling is prevented, resulting in abrogation of this inhibitory effect on PEPCK expression...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... transformed into RAS46 and recombinant strains carrying the chromosomally inserted plasmid (by means of single homologous recombination) were identified by their resistance to tetracycline and their inability ... [28]) was inserted and the resulting interrupted genes were cloned into the suicide vector, pKAS46 These constructs were then introduced into the chromosome of RAS46 by side-specific recombination ... binding protein (MBP) and NifL was synthesized in NCM1529, carrying the plasmid pJES794 [31], grown aerobically at 30 °C in maximal induction medium [32] supplemented with 0.5 mM riboflavin Expression...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... findings [24] This indicated an increased extent of both bone formation and bone resorption with age, which together suggest an increase in the rate of bone turnover with ageing in control individuals ... mechanisms involved in the increase or maintenance of bone mass in OA This study of the IT region of the proximal femur in primary hip OA and non-OA postmortem controls investigated changes in gene expression ... in OA and a decrease in controls [16] This finding is supportive of an increase or maintenance of bone volume in OA individuals versus the agedependent bone loss in the general population [11]...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23

... and chemokines generally function in an autocrine (on the producing cell itself) or paracrine (on nearby cells) manner Cytokines released following infection can be classified broadly into “early” ... USA) at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator Mandin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were used for growing stocks of influenza virus isolates MDCK cells were grown and maintained in Eagles Minimal Essential ... at the late phase of H1N1 infection TNF-a was induced by all subtypes beginning at the early phase of infection A 3-fold increase in TNF-a secretion in late H5N1/2004 infection was also observed,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... and RS is essential for interpreting the different strategies for gene expression The stability of the protein molecule (PS) is the final variable determining PA [9] In general, there is a positive ... saturation effects using SAGE data [16] This data set comprises 6,297 protein-coding genes, with 6,117 genes remaining after filtering dubious open reading frames (classified by the Saccharomyces ... identifying sets of genes with similar expression patterns The two main approaches correspond to grouping or classifying genes according to their expression patterns and to represent them in a reduced...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... localization of the 0 -gene of the human ,Q-globin gene complex by in situ hybridization Cytogenet Cell Genet 39, 269-274 Morton C.C., Kirsch I.R., Nance W.E., Evans G.A., Korman A.J & Strominger J.L (1984) ... Localization of the a and !3 casein genes to the q2.4 region of chromosome 12 in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cunicudus L.) by in situ hybridization Cytogenet Cell Genet 39, 220-223 Lefevre F & Labonnardi6re ... & Labonnardi6re C (1986) Molecular cloning and sequencing of a gene incoding biologically active porcine interferon alpha J Interferon Res 6, 349-360 Lin C.C., Draper P.N & De Braekeleer M (1985)...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:23

... the interleukin gene; λIg: the λ-chain of immunoglobulin gene; γIg: the γ-chain of immunoglobulin gene; IFN-ind: the interferon-inducible gene 6-16; IL4R: the interleukin receptor gene; TAP2: ... of immunoglobulin gene, γIg – the γ-chain of immunoglobulin gene, IFN-ind – the interferone-inducible gene 6-16, IL4R – the interleukin receptor gene, TAP2 – the transport protein gene, hnRNP A1 ... lymphomas In this group of upregulated genes there were the a-myb oncogene, the interleukin receptor gene (IL4R), the gene of the transporter protein TAP2, the gene of protease calpain small subunit...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:08

... the ordinates represent the linear ratio of differential gene expression Genes detected and in following investigated for validation A) an induced expression of the PKN1 gene B) a repressed expression ... cannot determine the global players involved in such complex phenotypes Integration of the gene expression profiling with specific modulation of gene expression in relevant signalling pathway ... the genetic consequences of targeted gene therapy in vitro (and in vivo) Microarray Study Differential Gene Expression Differential gene expression profiling is routinely used to detect genes...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:44

... examined in mice As shown in Figure 3, PM 2.5 exposure induced a marked increase in macrophage (F4/80+ cells) infiltration in eWAT Next, we analyzed the changes in uncoupling protein (UCP1) in ... long chain fatty acids (Elovl3), type iodothyronine deiondinase (Dio2), homeobox C9 (Hoxc9), insulin-like growth factor binding protein (Igfbp3), dermatopontin (Dpt), and b-actin are showed in Table ... thermogenesis Diabetes 2004, 53:577-584 28 Boney CM, Moats-Staats BM, Stiles AD, D’Ercole AJ: Expression of insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins during adipogenesis Endocrinology...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... inhibited by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, U0126 [32,33] Therefore, the role of the MAPK pathway in regulating PDK mRNA expression was investigated by incubating myoblasts ... inhibitors of signalling pathways known to be activated by insulin were used Two distinct phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) inhibitors, wortmannin and 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyan-4-one ... of insulin (1 lm) Insulin markedly decreased PDK2 and PDK4 mRNA levels below basal values In order to investigate the mechanisms by which insulin regulates PDK mRNA expression, selective inhibitors...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... ERSE-like Xbp1 binding-like P-UPRE ERSE-like ERSE-like ERSE-like Xbp1 binding-like Xbp1 binding-like ERSE-like – ERSE-like Xbp1 binding-like Xbp1 binding-like ERSE-like – ERSE-like – Xbp1 binding-like ... BiP (three genes), calnexin (two genes), calreticulin (two genes), and AtHSP 907 (one gene) have been shown to be induced by ER stress on northern blotting [25,54] Four genes encoding PDI families ... translation by phosphorylating the specific serine residue of eIF2a [51] to protect cells from the stress P58IPK inhibits PKR-mediated translational arrest by inactivating the kinase by binding to...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... significant increase in the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, a target of p53 [10] Comprehensive gene expression profiling has revealed that the pattern of gene expression in CCA ... gene in OVTOKO and OVISE cells but not in MCAS cells, indicating that endogenous p53 protein directly binds to the ANX4 gene in CCA cells To verify the involvement of p53 in the CCA-specific expression ... previous findings that p53 mutations generally result in a loss of wild-type protein activity, dominant-negative activity [27] or an increase in the half-life of the protein by preventing ubiquitination...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:20

... differences in expression of genes encoding enzymes and other proteins involved in intermediary metabolism Perivenous expression is indicated by green, and genes with preferential periportal expression ... FEBS A Braeuning et al Zonal gene expression in mouse liver Table Zonated genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism If genes are represented by more than one probe set on the chip, their individual ... Zonal gene expression in mouse liver A Braeuning et al enzymes of serine ⁄ glycine metabolism: Glycine decarboxylase, a component of the glycine dehydrogenase complex that converts glycine to serine,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... two Cys2–Cys2 type zinc finger motifs that serve as interfaces in both DNA–protein and protein–protein interactions [47] The E domain is known to be involved in ligand binding, transcriptional ... ligandbinding domains, but each has its own isoform-specific segment in the N-terminal region of A/B domain which contains a transactivating domain [40] The predicted sequence of A/B domain of ... isolation, DNA minipreps were prepared and correct insertion was determined by restriction enzyme analysis The DNA clone containing the proper insert was sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... cytokinins and hormones The main purpose of a regulated gene expression system is to control the timing and levels of transgene expression in vivo Whether the expressed protein remains within the ... characterized by regulated expression of the transgene finely tuned to the changing clinical state of a patient Several gene switches have been developed for regulating the expression of transgenes in humans ... data The DAB2 interacting protein gene showed two-fold down-regulation by microarray and a four-fold increase by qRT-PCR analysis in RG-102240-treated cells compared to the expression in dimethylsulfoxide-treated...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 03:20

... for in situ hybridization analysis In Situ Hybridization (ISH) In situ hybridization was performed following the protocol developed by Nuovo et al [25], with some minor adjustments Digoxigenin ... now being exploited in cancer, attempting to modulate their expression, reintroducing microRNAs lost in cancer, or inhibiting oncogenic microRNAs by using anti-micro oligonucleotides [38] In a ... semiquantitatively for cytoplasmic staining on computer screen The dominant staining intensity in tumor cells was scored as: = negative; = weak; = intermediate; = strong (Figure 1) In case of disagreement...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... assessments The lamina splendens was not disrupted in any location based on lack of India ink staining, indicat- ing that AC surface integrity was maintained for two weeks in the dogs in this study ... Increases in COX-2 and INOS in regions most affected by joint instability were consistent with signaling events that typically occur in OA joints[50,51] The concurrent and often colocalized increases ... level of expression for each gene (± standard error) compared to the house keeping gene GAPDH The increase in ADAMTS gene expression in the CrMFC approached significance and was included in the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20