standards architecture and use in cellular networks

... Scenario A LOS link is assumed for nodes in the same street and a NLOS link for nodes in different streets and MSs are located inside of a building or in a street The corresponding channel and path-loss ... performance of a multicell WINNER network in a wide area scenario has also been studied in [6] Under the assumption of an LOS BS-RS and RS-MS link and NLOS BS-MS and interfering links the saturated throughput ... A LOS link is assumed for nodes in the same street and a NLOS link for nodes in different streets and MSs are located inside a building or in a street Details of the propagation model and additional...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... bandwidth in each frame thus resulting in a deterministic allocation of the available bandwidth Note that an idle inlet leaves the corresponding slot idle, thus wasting bandwidth in STM The link ... material used here Therefore I am grateful to all of them I am deeply indebted to Professor Maurizio Decina for inspiring interest and passion in the study of switching theory and for his continual ... is intended to provide the state of the art in the field of switching for broadband ATM networks by covering three different areas: the theory of switching in interconnection networks, the architectures...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... obtain RNB and SNB networks Sorting networks play a key role as well in high-speed packet switching, since the RNB network class includes also those structures obtained by cascading a sorting ... to network B by moving its matrices, and correspondingly its attached links It is worth noting that relabelling the inlets and outlets of network A means adding a proper inlet and outlet permutation ... between Φ and Ω can be obtained from Figure 2.18c and is given in Figure 2.18e The inlet and outlet mappings are those shown in Figure 2.18d and they apparently consist in the permutations ρ and j...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... Multistage Networks increasing (decreasing) sorting of a bitonic sequence Thus both down- and up-sorters are used in this network: the former in the mergers for increasing sorting, the latter in the ... Multistage Networks 2.3.2 Sorting networks Networks that are capable of sorting a set of elements play a key role in the field of interconnection networks for ATM switching, as they can be used as ... decreasing sorting On the other hand if the sorting network is built using an odd–even merge sorter, the network only includes down-sorters (up-sorters), if an increasing (decreasing) sorting sequence...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... self-routing tag that is the juxtaposition of the network destination address (DA) and of a routing index (RI) Both fields RI and DA carry an integer, the former in the interval [ 0, K – ] and coded ... non-blocking network, in which sorting and routing functions are implemented by a Batcher network and an n-cube (or Omega) network This non-blocking network includes an overall number s of sorting/ ... packet Field RI would be used in the k'-stage binary trees and field DA in the banyan networks In fact the packets addressing the same banyan network emerge on adjacent sorting network outlets (they...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... exploiting the principle of deflection routing; output queueing (OQ) is basically adopted; • non-blocking IN with single queueing: the interconnection network is internally non-blocking and IN queueing ... is in the space domain or in the time domain In the former case additional internal links must connect any couple of SEs interfaced by interstage links In the latter case the interstage links ... queueing: the IN is non-blocking and a combined use of two IN queueing types is adopted (IOQ, SOQ, ISQ) with a single-plane structure; an IN with parallel planes is adopted only with combined input/output...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... pm 229 Input Queueing gle queueing strategy is discussed in Section 7.4 and additional remarks concerning this class of ATM switching architectures are given in Section 7.5 7.1 Input Queueing By ... achieving a combined input–output queueing1 Input and output queues reside in the input (IPC) and output (OPC) port controller, respectively, where all the other functions related to the interface ... is the random loading (RL) and the alternate loading (AL), whose corresponding network architectures are shown in Figure 6.29 and Figure 6.30, respectively It is worth noting that the input queues...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... non-blocking ATM switching architectures combining different queueing strategies, that is: • combined input–output queueing (IOQ), in which cells received by the switch are first stored in an input ... other input queue sizes 7.1.3.2 Architecture with windowing A different approach for relieving the throughput degradation due to the HOL blocking in switches with input queueing is windowing [Hlu88] ... 32 and evaluate the accuracy of the bound using the simulation data in Figure 7.10 7.3 Compute the switch capacity of a non-blocking ATM switch of in nite size with input queueing and windowing...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... ATM Switching with Non-Blocking Multiple-Queueing Networks mechanism makes effective, especially at low loads and with greater than minimal input queue sizes, a kind of sharing of input and output ... Queueing The windowing technique, described in Section 7.1.3.2 and aimed at reducing the throughput limitation due to the HOL blocking, can be applied in principle also when multiple switching ... queues in a slot approaches in nity and the queue joined by each such cell is independently and randomly selected Furthermore, since the arrival process from individual inlets to a virtual queue...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... Switching with Arbitrary-Depth Blocking Networks We have seen in Chapter how an ATM switch can be built using an interconnection network with “minimum” depth, in which all packets cross the minimum ... last switching block are lost As for single-path banyan networks, interconnection networks based on deflection routing can be referred to as self-routing, since each cell carries all the information ... Figure 9.1 A switching block in the Shuffleout switch is just a switching stage including N ⁄ switching elements of size × and the interblock connection pattern is just an interstage connection...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... combinatorial power 73 combined input-output queueing 212, 241, 275, 283, 284, 315, 332, 333 combined input-shared queueing 283, 324, 325, 332 combined shared-output queueing 283, 317 combiner ... complex, since its total number of stages (and hence the number of links to each output queue) is 39 ⋅ = 78 Similar comments apply using interstage bridging and extended routing, when applicable, in ... Problems 9.1 Find the routing algorithm for an ATM switch using deflection routing derived from the Rerouting switch The interconnection network of this switch is built cascading Baseline networks...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... applications are beginning to make use of IGBTs owing to their increasing power-handling capability and relatively low conduction losses Further progress is expected in IGBT and GTO technology and applications ... switched on and off according to load and voltage conditions For instance, in longitudinal power INTRODUCTION systems, series capacitive compensation is bypassed during minimum loading in order ... Modelling in Optimal Power Flow 7.2.5.1 Transmission Lines 7.2.5.2 Shunt Elements 7.2.5.3 Synchronous Generators 7.2.6 Handling of Inequality Constraints 7.2.6.1 Handling of Inequality Constraints...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 09:46

... in accessing and/ or obtaining), “difficult” (i.e., frequent difficulties in accessing and/ or obtaining), or “cannot or not access” (i.e., drug was not available or clinicians did not use) Nationally ... abacavir and didanosine to substituting with another thymidine analogue (i.e., zidovudine for stavudine) A third of the sites continued lamivudine in second-line regimens Malaysian and South ... data cleaning and analysis TApHOD data are submitted twice a year Data included in this survey were collected in March 2009 from 12 centres in Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand Data...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... access and use in Asia and southern Africa J Int AIDS Soc 2011, 14(1):7 doi:10.1186/1758-2652-14-17 Cite this article as: and : A biregional survey and review of first-line treatment failure and ... nelfinavir in limited circumstances d4T - stavudine; AZT - zidovudine; 3TC - lamivudine; NVP - nevirapine; EFV - efavirenz; ABC - abacavir; ddI - didanosine; LPV/r - ritonavir-boosted lopinavir; ... and Journal of the International AIDS Society 2011, 14:17 http://www.jiasociety.org/content/14/1/17 Page of Table First- and second-line antiretroviral therapy regimens in use in TREAT Asia and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... Figure 1: Network and cell of interest in the fluid model; the minimum distance between the BS of interest and interferers is 2Rc and the interfering network is made of a continuum of base stations ... pint,u is the internal (or own-cell) received power and pext,u is the external (or other-cell) interference Note that we made the choice of including the useful signal Su in pint,u , and, as a consequence, ... the in uence of an entering mobile station whatever its position in a cell and is thus the starting point for an efficient call admission control algorithm For cellular systems without internal interference,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... throughput, Ith = −75 dBm in the downlink and −85 dBm in the uplink, results in median fairness index of F = 0.56 and 0.66, respectively Increasing the interference protection by lowering Ith improves ... the uplink and the downlink is elaborated in the following Due to the specific pointto-multipoint structure in the downlink, the CCI observed by the cell-edge users is dominated by the interference ... between maximising system throughput and maintaining fairness 6.5 Link Adaptation with BB-Signalling Figures 10(a)-10(b) compare the system and user throughput achieved by performing link adaptation...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... dimer in the common ancestor of Aa and At million years ago These genes evolved into At1 and At2 orthologs in the At lineage, and into Aa1 and Aa2 orthologs in the Aa lineage Within these lineages, ... Hill-Robertson interference [47] Are Aa-originated homoeologs more commonly retained? At and Aa evolved orthologous networks in which genes were finely tuned to coordinate, separately within each species Interference ... participated in its design and coordination, and drafted the manuscript All authors read and approved the final manuscript Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... (Figure 1) They include structural matrix proteins (collagens, laminin, fibronectin, fibrin, etc.) and molecules modulating cell migration (integrins), cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions ... hydrogel D networks containing a cell-binding site for ligation of cell-surface integrin receptors and substrates for MMPs, proteases implicated in wound healing and tissue regeneration [51,52] and ... Extracellular matrix proteins and their interaction with each other and with cell surface matrix receptors Decorin, fibromodulin, and types IX and XI collagen all interact with type II collagen and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... transport in aquifers, enhanced oil recovery processes, and CO2 entrapment and storage in saline aquifers [1,3,18–23] These flows are challenging to understand and model; in part because of the nonlinearities ... arteriolar and venous networks, and are again laid out in a branching architecture with each pre capillary arteriole branching into three to six capillaries and each post capillary venules collecting ... ranging from high throughput screening and analysis in chemistry and biology, chemical and material synthesis and drug discovery [9–15,30–32] 1.4 Engineering multiphase flows in microchannel networks...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:14

... authority, and therefore may trust each other In a multi-provider architecture, where a user’s private information resides in one administrative domain and is consumed in some other domain, it is ... containing necessary network management components and protocols Utilizing this as a base, a pervasive computing architecture is created, exposing an Application Programming Interface (API) and ... is a growing concern in many industries, including solution vendors and service providers This has led to some initiatives to define a standard for identity management The most prominent ones...

Ngày tải lên: 28/09/2015, 13:28