role of k in plants

... expression of a certain set of genes including the luminal binding protein gene BiP is induced The underlying mechanisms of UPR in yeasts and mammals have been well researched (Rutkowski and Kaufman ... 2.2 Amino Acids, Proline, and Amides It has been reported that amino acids (such as alanine, arginine, glycine, serine, leucine, and valine, the nonprotein amino acids citrulline and ornithine ... proteins (Pnueli et al 2003) The accumulation of H2O2 is responsible for the abnormal closure of stomata in knockout APX1 plants (Pnueli et al 2003) The induction of heat shock proteins in knockout...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... FucTVII-H PKB-T308 PKB-S473 PKB β-actin D 400 350 300 Relative PKB kinase activity Mock β-actin 200 150 100 50 E PKB-T308p Mock PKB-S473p FucTVII-M PDK-1 200 PKN 100 p-PKN β-actin Mock FucTVII-M ... phosphoinositidedependent kinase-1 (PDK-1), novel protein kinase (PKN), p42 ⁄ 44 MAPK and MEK were analyzed as the signaling molecules involved in InR signaling [19,23] Expression of b catenin and its downstream ... activity of PKB, expression of PDK-1, PKN and phospho-PKN in a1,3-FucT-VII-transfected H7721 cells In insulin signaling, activation of PKB has been implicated as a key step and it also has a major role...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... chemokine motif in the central conserved region of the protein that can mimic some of the activities of fractalkine, the only known CX3C chemokine, specifically binding to CX3CR1 and mediating ... 49(3):161-9 Krebs DL, Hilton DJ: SOCS: physiological suppressors of cytokine signaling J Cell Sci 2000, 113(Pt 16):2813-9 Kubo M, Inoue H: Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS3) in Th2 cells evokes ... protein of respiratory syncytial virus inhibits Toll-like receptor 3/4-mediated IFN-beta induction Int Immunol 2008 Spann KM, Tran KC, Chi B, Rabin RL, Collins PL: Suppression of the induction of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... levels in vivo [24] The amount of membrane-bound tGPH reflects signaling activity in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI 3-kinase/ PKB) pathway Overexpression of dInR resulted in a ... IGFBPs, possibly accounting for the affinity of IGFBP-7 for insulin [6] Interestingly, Imp-L2 has been shown to bind human insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and proinsulin, and its homolog in the moth Spodoptera ... with insulin for binding to the insulin receptor (InR) and inhibit the autophosphorylation of InR [6] Furthermore, IGFBP-7 is suspected to be a tumor suppressor in a variety of human organs, including...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... S, Sekeroglu MR, Erkog R, Ozbek H, Noyan T, Yavuz M: Serum levels of leptin and proinflammatory cytokines in patients with gastrointestinalcancer Int J Clin Pract 2004, 58:545-549 Kemik et al ... neuropeptides Curr Opin Nutr Metab care 2004, 7:427-434 Krzystek-Korpacka M, Matusiewicz M, Diakowska D, Grabowski K, Blachut K, Kustrzeba-Wojcicka I, Banas T: Impact of weight loss on circulating IL-1, ... 402:656-660 Takaya K, Ariyasu H, Kanamoto N, Iwakura H, Yoshimoto A, Harada M, Mori K, Komatsu Y, Usui T, Shimatsu A, Ogawa Y, Hosoda K, Akamizu T, Kojima M, Kangawa K, Nakao K: Ghrelin strongly...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:22

... growth of Paulownia tomentosa in vitro Physiol Plant 2007, 131:273-282 12 McInnis S, Emery DC, Porter R, Desikan R, Hancock JT, Hiscock S: The role of stigma peroxidases in flowering plants: insights ... measurement of a minimum of nine images corresponding to three independent experiments For quantification of the dark purple-coloured precipitate, an independent subtraction of the background was ... a weak labelling in their cytoplasm, which increased in intensity in the area of the pollen tube in close contact with the stigmatic papillae and the exudates (Figure 6E) CLSM detection of NO...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:21

... Hàm băm thuật toán không dùng khóa để mã hóa, có nhiệm vụ “lọc” (băm) tài liệu (bản tin) cho k t giá trị băm có k ch thước cố định, gọi “đại diện tài liệu” hay “đại diện tin”, “đại diện thông ... lấy từ bước Freature Extraction tạo băm việc sử dụng khóa K Nêu khóa K không tính giá trị băm ảnh 11 Các bước băm ảnh số  Quantization  K t bước Ramdommization lượng tử hóa Tạo đại diện có ... k ch thước liệu băm  Encoding  Chuyển k t bước Quantization chuyển thành bit 12 Ứng dụng băm ảnh số  Tạo mục hỗ trợ tìm kiếm liệu ảnh hệ quản trị sở liệu đa phương tiện, công cụ tìm kiếm internet...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2014, 20:02

... binding energy of 4.48 kcal mol1, 0.6 kcal mol1 less than that of the global minimum It is supplemented by a CHãããS H-bond in that structure, but is fully responsible for the binding of 4.40 kcal ... latter sort of interaction does occur in a number of minimum-energy structures, it is not strong enough to represent the sole binding force in any Likewise for the interactions involving charge ... study of complexes of NMA with S-containing systems of these sorts Iwaoka et al.[30, 31] first paired NMA with CH3SCH3, and identified only two minima, in contrast to our own finding of ten distinct...

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2012, 15:21

... Page36 CN Introduction of System Information MIB ： Contains PLMN tag and SB (scheduling information block) or the scheduling information for SIB (system info block) SB1 ： Contains scheduling information ...  Cell-FACH  In active state  Few data to be transmitted both in uplink and in downlink There is no need to allocate dedicated channel for this UE  Downlink uses FACH and uplink uses RACH  ... channels of the cell SIB6 ： Contains parameters for the common physical channels of the cell while UE is in connecting mode SIB7 ： Contains the uplink interference level and the refreshing timer...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 03:11

... regulators of ERK signaling, indicates that miR-34a is involved in negative-feedback regulation of the ERK signal cascade These studies indicate that a complicated regulatory network maintains the ... activity of ERK1 ⁄ by repressing negative regulators of the ERK ⁄ MAPK signaling pathway Some other miRNAs are also reported to be induced by the MAPK signaling pathway In the human B-cell line Ramos, ... the role of miRNAs in regulatory network of various cell signaling pathways We summarize the current knowledge of the interdependence of miRNA and cell signaling pathways, which results in highly...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... K I Ansari and S S Mandal Biochemical functions of MLL MLL Me Me Me H3 K7 9 K7 9 K3 6 K3 6 K2 0 H2A H2A Me Me K4 K4 K9 H3 Activation H2B H2B K2 7 K2 7 Me H4 Silencing Me K1 20 K1 20 H4 Silencing Activation ... a DNA-binding domain, a ligand-binding domain and a transactivation domain The DNA-binding domain is responsible for DNA binding specificity and dimerization, and the ligand-binding domain is responsible ... and independent roles within the hematopoietic system, maintaining quiescence in HSCs and promoting proliferation in progenitors [23] Similarly, in an independent study using a conditional knockout...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 14:20

... MKK4 and MKK7 [6,7], with MKK7 primarily responding to cytokines, whereas MKK4 is preferentially activated by environmental stress [5,8] Depending on the stimulus and cellular context, the JNK ... extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1 ⁄ 2), c-JUN N-terminal kinases (JNK1 ⁄ ⁄ 3), p38 proteins (p38a ⁄ b ⁄ c ⁄ d) and ERK5, which are activated by distinct sets of stimuli [1–4] Of particular importance ... effector protein kinases, such as MAPK-activated protein kinases and transcription factors, such as activator protein-1 [1–3] Four major subgroups of MAPKs have been delineated in mammals, i.e...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 14:20

... obtained data indicating that a-defensin-1 and a-defensins-2 induce an increase in the protein content of cyclin D and that quercetin inhibits the a-defensininduced increase in cyclin D protein ... with siRNA targeting the mRNA of b-catenin significantly knocked down the protein expression of b-catenin Knocking-down the protein expression of b-catenin prevented increases in lung fibroblast ... Ser9-phosphorylated GSK3b without an alteration in the protein contents of total p38 MAP kinase, total Akt, and total GSK3b, suggesting that a-defensin-1 and a-defensin-2 cause the activation of p38 MAP kinase...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 06:20

... the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway was involved in mediating this effect of RAS The involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase points to the possibility that some of the known anti-apoptotic ... 21-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding protein, which plays a role in the regulation of growth and differentiation in eukaryotic cells [1,82] Despite profound improvements in our understanding of ... position of guanine O6-Methylguanine often mispairs with thymine during replication Following DNA replication this would result in conversion of a guanine–cytosine (GC) pair to an adenine–thymine...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... upstream regulator of MAPK cascades, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase interacting protein (TAK binding protein ¼ TAB 2), as an IEG during hyperosmotic stress in tilapia gill epithelium ... (within h) induced by hyperosmotic stress, indicating a role of this mitogenactivated protein kinase kinase kinase interacting protein for osmosensory signal transduction in fish 14-3-3 proteins ... takes place in the order of minutes to hours and involves many hormones, including arginine vasopressin, angiotensin II, natriuretic peptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide, urotensin II, insulin...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... Thus, integrin-dependent cell volume sensing and signaling integrates into the overall context of insulin signaling Similarly, sensing of glutamine-induced hepatocyte swelling by integrins feeds into ... sensing Acta Physiol 187, 249–255 12 Haussinger D, Kurz AK, Wettstein M, Graf D, vom ¨ Dahl S & Schliess F (2003) Involvement of integrins and Src in tauroursodeoxycholate-induced and swelling-induced ... Reinehr R, vom Dahl S & Haussinger D (2004) Involvement of integrins and Src ¨ in insulin signaling towards autophagic proteolysis in rat liver J Biol Chem 279, 21294–21301 15 Reinehr R, Becker...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... Giesen PLA & Heemskerk JWM (2004) Initiating and potentiating role of platelets in tissue factor-induced thrombin generation in the presence of plasma: subject-dependent variation in thrombogram ... pretreated with the PKA inhibitors, KT5720 and H89 [28] Following saponin permeabilization, this resulted in increased InsP3-induced Ca2+ release with either inhibitor, with an EC50 of lm KT5720 and lm ... with the PI3-Kc-specific inhibitor, AS252424 [21], was without effect As protein kinase B ⁄ Akt is a downstream mediator of PI3 -K in platelets [33,34], the effects of the isoform-specific inhibitors...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... to interact with a number of functional groups, including the aromatic side chains of some amino acids, through a stacking mechanism [42] The interaction of arginine with aromatic amino acids of ... Planar stacking interactions of arginine and aromatic side-chains in proteins J Mol Biol 235, 709–717 43 Lindner RA, Treweek TM & Carver JA (2001) The molecular chaperone a-crystallin is in kinetic ... activity of aB-crystallin against this fibril-forming protein, implying that it is the common positively charged group that plays a role in increasing the activity of aB-crystallin against this...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... tankyrase [15] The binding of ZIP to Grb14, by recruiting protein kinase Cf, enhances the serine phosphorylation of Grb14 and its inhibitory effect on IR kinase and insulin signaling [10] The interaction ... protein kinase Cf interacting protein (ZIP), an adaptor protein that binds to the PIR domain of Grb14 and mediates the assembly of a protein kinase Cf–ZIP–Grb14 heterotrimer [10]; (b) insulin receptor ... impairs Akt and ERK insulin signaling pathways and inhibits distal effects of insulin on glycogen and DNA synthesis [6–9], and microinjection of Grb14 into Xenopus laevis oocytes inhibits insulin-induced...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... transmembrane domain) binds prelamin A and B1 [8] in vitro, while the LEM domain alone is sufficient to bind BAF (Fig 1; [8]) Prelamin A and BAF are also binding partners of emerin [39] Interestingly, the ... through binding to GCL [11] Lamin A binds the transcription repressors retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and MOK2 (reviewed in [1,12]) Finally, the nuclear envelope protein MAN1, the subject of this ... suggesting it has roles other than targeting This part of MAN1 indeed binds several regulators of gene expression, including transcriptional repressors GCL and Btf and, surprisingly, also binds...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20